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1.
通过对柯街断裂带上2个温泉(梁园温泉和大地温泉)水样的阴阳离子分析,正确划分了温泉水的水化学类型;同位素
数据表明,2个样品的δD和δ18O值均在大气降水线附近,且未显示δ18O值向右漂移现象,说明该区地下热水具有现代大气降水
的氢氧同位素组成特征,推断温泉形成与火山、岩浆型热源没有直接关系。大气降水的同位素组成与海拔高程之间的耦合关系,
证明了地下热水补给源区位于西部山区;通过采用SiO2 温标计算得出了温泉的热储温度和热水循环深度。梁园温泉热储温度为
100.1℃,热水循环深度是1643.3m,大地温泉热储温度为79.8℃,热水循环深度是1237.2m。柯街断裂带的构造特征及岩性特
征与地下热水的水化学组成、深循环机制和冷热水的混合机制有着本质的联系。   相似文献   

2.
为了研究娘子关泉域岩溶水状况及补给运移规律,系统采集了泉域内岩溶水、地表水样品,分析测试了样品的δD、δ18O
值,利用氢氧同位素方法,通过分析氢氧同位素特征及其影响因素研究岩溶水的补给来源及各含水层的相互联 系。研 究 结 果 表
明,大气降水和河流渗漏补给是泉域内岩溶水的主要补给来源。由于大气降水的高程效应和温度效应,导致泉域内δD、δ18O 值存
在一定的差异。由于受到强烈蒸发后的大气降水及河流渗漏水的补给,河流沿岸岩溶水的δD、δ18O 值相对较高。同 时 对 娘 子 关
泉群城西泉、五龙泉和集泉站的 D和18O 同位素分析结果表明,城西泉水来源于近源低海 拔 的 补 给 源;而五龙泉和集泉站泉水来
源于深循环、远距离、较高补给高程与地表水交换弱的补给源。通过以上研究,进一步明确了娘子关泉域岩溶水的补给运移规律,
为当地政府合理开发及可持续利用娘子关泉域岩溶水资源提供了理论支撑。   相似文献   

3.
采集2个不同深度包气带土壤水2H、18O同位素剖面ZK1,ZK2,应用天然稳定同位素2H、18O示踪的方法,研究了华北
山前冲积平原石家庄地区包气带土壤水入渗补给的历史演化特征。结果显示,研究区内,以0.05m 为取样间隔,δ2H、δ18O值可
以明显指示出大气降水及灌溉水入渗补给时间—剖面深度位置的年际对应关系。ZK2的δ2H、δ18O值随着埋深的增大出现周期
性的波动,具有分层现象的岩性差异并不明显,说明ZK2剖面以活塞流的入渗方式补给地下水。在0~3.90m深度,δ2H、δ18O值
显示降水和灌溉水的入渗补给时间为2011年10月至2001年11月。18O峰值位移法计算补给量的结果显示,降水、灌溉水通过包
气带补给地下水的垂向运移速度为38.5~65.0cm/a,年均入渗补给量为131.3~185.3mm。同时,对比2003年及2005-2007
年降水量数据,说明少雨年份农业灌溉用水量的大小对当地地下水的入渗补给量起着关键性作用。   相似文献   

4.
浅海陆架一直是我国海上油气资源勘探的重点。对浅海陆架的分类、国内外陆架沉积的研究历史及现状进行了回顾总结,
讨论了水动力条件、沉积补给机制和相对海平面变化对陆架沉积的控制作用,并据可容纳空间与沉积物补给的比率将浅海陆架划分
为补给主导的陆架沉积体系和可容纳空间主导的陆架沉积体系。补给主导的陆架沉积体系以高的沉积补给速率和海退为特征,高位
期陆源河流沉积物的大量卸载是陆架补给的主要模式;可容纳空间主导的陆架沉积体系以相对海平面上升和沉积物高速逸散为特
征,陆源沉积物供给有限,原地沉积物受潮流、风暴等水动力的再改造,从而成为有效的陆架沉积补给源。综合应用多种技术手段,从
全球海平面变化、沉积物补给和水动力条件等对沉积体系的控制作用出发进行精细的陆架沉积特征研究应是未来研究的主要方向。   相似文献   

5.
采用水均衡法与通量法对太行山山前平原(河北栾城)进行了地下水补给评价,结果表明:近20a地下水入渗补给量为
8~172mm/a(水均衡法),平均值49.3mm/a,变化幅度大。其中2004年入渗补给量(63mm/a)比采用通量法计算结果(28.2
mm/a)大一倍,表明土壤优先流对入渗补给作用显著。年入渗补给量总体上随有效降雨量增加、地下水位下降速率减少、作物实
际蒸发蒸腾量减少而增加,但与有效灌溉量和灌溉量之和的相关性不显著。通过长序列地下水位与灌溉量等数据估算得到研究
区侧向净补给量为125.2mm/a,约占地下水总补给量的71.7%(175.4mm/a),说明地下水主要以侧向补给为主。同时计算了入
渗补给与侧向补给地下水的延迟时间,分别为60a和1个月。   相似文献   

6.
通过采集我国大骨节病重病区四川省红原县病区作为饮用水源的地表水和地下水样37件,并测试其水化学成分。结
果表明:病区饮用水水化学特征以低矿化度的重碳酸钙型水为主,其补给来源主要为冰雪融水和大气降水。病区饮用水化学组分
中Se、Zn元素呈现富集特征,Sr、Ba、F元素处于贫乏状态。利用SPSS软件分析发现饮用不同水源间患病率有显著差异,饮用地
表水较地下水更容易患病,并结合因子分析方法进一步解释了大骨节发病机理与饮用水中Ca、SO4、Sr、F4种元素的质量浓度密
切相关,水中这4种元素组分的质量浓度越低,大骨节的患病率就越高。   相似文献   

7.
降雨诱发碎石土堆积层滑坡十分普遍,野猫面滑坡则是典型的碎石土堆积型滑坡,也是三峡库区内距三峡大坝最近的
特大型滑坡体,研究其在不同降雨条件下的变形规律具有示范性和实用价值。首先,在滑坡区域地质分析的基础上,研究了碎石
土堆积层滑坡的组成结构;然后应用Modflow软件建立了滑坡地下水渗流场数值模型,对不同降雨强度和降雨历时条件下,降雨
入渗补给地下水的规律进行了模拟;最后,运用FLAC3D软件对不同降雨工况条件下,渗流场变化引起的滑坡变形规律进行了模
拟。研究结果表明:①野猫面滑坡碎石土堆积层表现为三层结构,上部为碎块石土,中下部为块石土、钙质胶结碎块石,下部滑面
为碎石土和黏土夹碎石;②降雨强度和降雨历时增加均使滑坡地下水头抬升,在斜坡前缘临近库岸部分的水力坡度明显增大;③
降雨作用下,滑坡位移量增加,变形由地表向深部、由前缘向后缘发展,在滑面处剪应变集中;极端大暴雨条件下,前缘存在整体变
形区;④碎石土堆积层滑坡地表径流疏导与生态防渗可有效防治滑坡。   相似文献   

8.
对胶东半岛出露的14处温泉的水化学特征、同位素特征进行了分析,得出胶东半岛温泉水的来源主要为大气降水补给、海水补给,年龄以现代水为主。胶东半岛温泉水与围岩矿物未达到完全平衡,不适宜用Na,K,Mg地热温标,玉髓的地热温标显示胶东半岛温泉热储温度在81.26~108.93℃之间。对下一步胶东半岛的温泉地热勘查、开发利用具有指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
为研究鄂西南岩溶山区的水循环过程,以湖北宜昌香溪河流域为研究对象,通过现场调查并结合环境同位素,对香溪河
流域地表水和地下水进行了取样,通过测定其氢氧同位素组成,分析了同位素变化特征以及流域地下水和地表水的转换关系及其
水循环特征。流域水中δD、δ18O值组成分析表明:流域内各种水体主要分布在当地大气降水线的附近,构成斜率明显小于雨水线
的蒸发线,3个子流域δD、δ18O值的富集程度为:南阳河流域<古夫河流域<高岚河流域。南阳河流域上游受神农架山区地方性
大气降水控制。响水洞和响龙洞(暗河出口)水中氘过量参数(d)值分别反映出不同的地下径流途径与滞留时间、水岩反应强度。子
流域同位素沿程变化的特征反映出:在上游段,水来源不同以及地表水和地下水转换频繁是δD、δ18O值变化的主要影响因素;在中下
游段,流域内地下水流入河流,河水流量逐渐增大,不同的水源混合均匀,经过一定的蒸发作用,δD、δ18O值的变幅趋于稳定。   相似文献   

10.
温泉汤温泉是威海地区一个非常重要的温泉,综合地球化学和地质调查方法,分析温泉汤温泉的形成模式。本文采集温泉汤温泉水样进行了水化学和氢氧稳定同位素测试,通过分析温泉水的水质类型、补给来源,估计水循环深度,结合地热地质条件进一步丰富了地热成因机制。水化学Piper分析图表明温泉水属于Na-Cl型温泉,水岩作用分析表明温泉水具有浅层水的特征,而氢氧稳定同位素值分布于中国东部大气降水线附近,推测温泉水主要受大气降水、地表水、地下水等浅层水的影响。根据δ~2H同位素高程效应,计算得到温泉的补给高程为225~265m之间,根据周边地形地貌特征,南部山区约为240m左右,确定南部山区是主要的补给源。综合分析认为,大气降水从温泉汤温泉南部山区汇聚到盆地中,大气降水、地表水、地下水等通过断裂破碎带在深部进行热交换形成温泉热水,然后运移到地表,出露成温泉汤温泉。通过成因模式分析,为温泉汤温泉的资源评价和开发利用提供科学依据,也为威海地区其他温泉的研究和开发利用提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.  相似文献   

12.
氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7~5.1g/d、I 100~200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3~1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5~1.0mg/L、C1<50mg/L、Br>100μg/L、I 10~100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.  相似文献   

13.
A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4) 2 3− and Cu(Sn4S5)3−, Zn(HS) 2 0 and ZnHS 2 , Cd(HS) 2 0 and Ni(HS) 2 0 , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2+ and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S−O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S−O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica  相似文献   

14.
Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.  相似文献   

15.
16.
这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。  相似文献   

17.
Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs  相似文献   

18.
Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.  相似文献   

19.
从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.  相似文献   

20.
A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s  相似文献   

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