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1.
4种重金属离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了铜、锌、镉、铅离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)的急性毒性影响，实验结果表明，Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Cd^2 、Pb^2 对壶状臂尾轮虫的24h LC50分别为83．18μg/L、4．27mg／L、7．60mg／L、23．44mg／L，将4种离子按照质量比120：20：6：1的比例配成混合金属溶液，其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的24h LC50为0．42mg／L。 相似文献
2.
5种药物对方斑东风螺面盘幼虫的急性毒性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在水温29.0～29.5℃、盐度28.5条件下,采用静水试验法对5种常用药物对方斑东风螺面盘幼虫的急性毒性进行了研究。结果表明:各种药物的24 hLC50、48 hLC50、96 hLC50和安全浓度分别为:高锰酸钾1.71、1.04、0.55和0.115 mg.L-1,新洁尔灭78.58、28.90、6.06和1.17 mg/L,硫酸锌4.52、2.36、0.62和0.193 mg/L,制霉素2.36×104、1.46×104、0.64×104和0.168×104 U.L-1,甲醛10.9、7.11、3.66和0.908μL.L-1。 相似文献
3.
在实验室条件下,通过种群累积培养的方法,研究了不同盐度和小球藻(Chorellavulgaris)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)、微绿球藻(Nannochlorisoculata)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgei)等不同饵料微藻对L型褶皱臂尾轮虫(BrachionusPlicatilistipicus)和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫(BrachionusPlicatilisrotundiformis)生长的影响,探讨这两种轮虫在生态条件上的差异。结果表明:L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫对盐度的适应有显著的差异,生长的最适盐度分别为15和20,大水体培养时,其适宜生长的盐度范围分别是15~20和10 ~30。饵料微藻对L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响一致。小球藻培养效果在4种饵料微藻中最好,其生长率明显高于微绿球藻和亚心形扁藻,波吉卵囊藻培养效果较差。 相似文献
4.
在实验室条件下，通过种群累积培养的方法，研究了不同盐度和小球藻(Chorella vulgaris)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)等不同饵料微藻对L型褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Plicatilis tipicus)和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Plicatilis rotundiformis)生长的影响，探讨这两种轮虫在生态条件上的差异。结果表明：L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫对盐度的适应有显著的差异，生长的最适盐度分别为15和20，大水体培养时，其适宜生长的盐度范围分别是15～20和10～30。饵料微藻对L型和S型褶皱臂尾轮虫生长的影响一致。小球藻培养效果在4种饵料微藻中最好，其生长率明显高于微绿球藻和亚心形扁藻，波吉卵囊藻培养效果较差。 相似文献
5.
The toxic effects of Zn2+ on Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthyps molitrix C. et V.), Big Head Carp (Aristrichthys nobilis Richardson). Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon ilellus C. et V.), and Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama aimbly-cephala Yih) are studied. The test results are: (1) There are linear correlations between 24h LC50 and 48h LC50 of Zn + for Silver Carp fingerling and tempera -ture . 24h LC50, 48h LC50 and 96h LC50 of Zn2+ for fry of the four species are also determined; (2) There are logarithmic correlations between the growth rates of the fry and the concentrations of Zn2+ and between expansion of fish egg membranes after absorbing water and concentrations of Zn2 + ; (3) The tolerance of fry of the four species to Zn + is in the following order: Grass Carp>Silver Carp > Blunt Snout Bream>Big Head Carp; (4) The safe concentrations of Zn2+ are: Big Head Carp : 0.008 mg/ L, Grass Carp : 0.046 mg/ L , Blunt Snout Bream: 0,010 mg/ L , Silver Carp : 0.012 mg/ L , Silver Carp fingerling: 0.09 mg/ L . 相似文献
6.
5种除草剂对白鲢鱼种急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以白鲢(Hypophthalmicthysmolitris)为实验材料,研究常用除草剂对鱼类的毒性效应。结果表明:采用直线回归法求得的96hLC50值分别为:2,4_D丁酯0.185mg/L,可信限0.138~0.247mg/L;丁草胺0.080mg/L,可信限0.067~0.097mg/L;使它隆3.80mg/L,可信限2.68~5.40mg/L;艾割18.60mg/L,可信限14.80~23.32mg/L;嗪草酮108.80mg/L,可信限91.46~129.72mg/L。对鱼类安全浓度分别为0.019mg/L,0.38mg/L,0.008mg/L,1.86mg/Land10.88mg/L。 相似文献
7.
【目的】研究Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻生长和多糖代谢的影响。【方法】取蒸馏水培养数日后的波吉卵囊藻液接入以f/2培养液的配方为基础的新鲜培养液中,Mg2+浓度梯度分别设置为0、1、2、4、8 mg/L,Mn2+浓度梯度分别设置为0、0.005、0.050、0.500、5.000 mg/L,实验周期为10 d。【结果与结论】不同浓度Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻的生长有显著性影响,当Mg2+质量浓度为2 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻的相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mg2+添加量为0、4和8 mg/L的组(P<0.05),当Mn2+质量浓度为0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mn2+添加量0、0.050、0.500和5.000 mg/L组(P<0.05)。不同浓度Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量有显著影响(P<0.05),当Mg2+质量浓度>2 mg/L、Mn2+质量浓度>0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻生长均受到胁迫,其胞外多糖合成量明显增加,以保护藻体不受危害;当Mg2+质量浓度为8 mg/L、Mn2+质量浓度为5.000 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量分别为对照组的2.43和3.36倍。 相似文献
8.
研究了不同氮源、磷盐、不同氮磷比以及培养液中3种重金属离子含量对绿色巴夫藻(Pavlovaviridis)生长的影响。结果表明:无机氮、有机氮共同提供氮源,以及磷酸二氢钠提供磷源,氮磷比5∶1时,绿色巴夫藻生长速度最快;铅、锌、铜离子可不同程度地影响绿色巴夫藻的生长,三者的毒性依次增大,三者的96hEC50分别为25.700、7 .079和1 469mg/L。 相似文献
9.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(6)
采用静水方法研究甲醛、高锰酸钾和消毒粉(主要成分三氯异氰脲酸,TCCA)对锦绣龙虾胚胎的急性毒性效应。结果表明:甲醛对锦绣龙虾胚胎24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别是14.86、11.20、10.87、9.80 m L/m~3,安全浓度是0.98 m L/m~3。高锰酸钾对锦绣龙虾胚胎24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别是1.88、1.52、1.26、1.06 mg/L,安全浓度为0.11 mg/L。消毒粉对锦绣龙虾胚胎24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为19.91、16.76、16.38、16.38 mg/L,安全浓度为1.64 mg/L。 相似文献
10.
【目的】探究全氟辛酸(PFOA)与重金属锌(Zn2+)单一及联合暴露对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的急性毒性效应和作用机制,为全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)和重金属在水生生态系统中的联合风险评估提供理论基础。【方法】将1×106mL-1斜生栅藻分别在0～16 mg/L Zn2+、0～350 mg/L PFOA单一处理组及0～1.5 TU联合处理组暴露96 h,分析暴露条件对斜生栅藻的细胞浓度、藻细胞叶绿素a(Chl a)、总蛋白(TP)含量、抗氧化系统、细胞外部形态、转化氨氮能力、Zn2+与PFOA去除率等指标的影响。【结果与结论】处理96 h,Zn2+与PFOA单一胁迫抑制斜生栅藻生长的半最大效应质量浓度(96 h-EC50)分别为14.17 mg/L和198.98 mg/L;二者联合胁迫96 h-EC50为0.97 TU,作用模式为部分相加作用... 相似文献
11.
海因类消毒剂对吉富罗非鱼的急性毒性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用溴氯海因(BCDMH)和二溴海因(DBDMH)两种消毒剂对吉富罗非鱼进行急性毒性试验,研究吉富罗非鱼对海因类消毒剂的耐受性。结果表明:溴氯海因对吉富罗非鱼苗的24 h LC50、48 h LC50和安全浓度分别为9.61、8.66、2.11 mg/L,二溴海因对吉富罗非鱼苗的24 h LC50、48 h LC50和安全浓度分别9.89、9.78、2.87 mg/L。 相似文献
12.
This study investigated the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine using the marine ciliate Euplotes vannus as the test organism.The median lethal concentrations(LC_(50) values)were determined using acute toxicity tests within an exposure time of 30 min with 0,6,12,24,and 48 mg mL~(-1) gemcitabine.The median inhibition effect(IC_(50) value)on the growth of the ciliate cells was examined using chronic toxicity tests within 5 days(120 h)after exposure for 30 min with 0,0.7,3.5,7,and 14 mg mL~(-1) gemcitabine.The 30-min LC_(50)value was 10.66~-mg mL ~1.The LC_(50) values decreased with increasing exposure times and well fitted to the toxicity curve equation LC_(50)=10.93+28.4e~(-0.19t)(R~2=0.93;P0.05,t=exposure time).The IC_(50) value for growth rates was 7.05 mg mL~(-1),and the inhibition effect on growth rates well fitted to the model equation r_%=0.8681e~(-0.0782Cgem)(r_%means growth rate with inhibition by gemcitabine,C_(gem) means concentrations of gemcitabine,R~2=0.99 and P0.05).The LC_(50) values of a wide range of gemcitabine concentrations could therefore be predicted for any given exposure time.These results suggest that the clinical dose of gemcitabine(20 mg mL~(-1))was higher than the 30-min LC_(50) value,which was almost the same as the 6-min LC_(50) value(19.88 mg mL~(-1))for E.vannus cells.The results also demonstrate that E.vannus can be used as a robust test organism for bioassays of chemotherapeutic drugs during short exposure periods. 相似文献
13.
The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ceils became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, βcarotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+. 相似文献
14.
文昌鱼对几种环境因子及污染物的耐受极限初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)隶属脊索动物门头索动物亚门,是全世界现存动物中与脊椎动物关系最近的一类非脊椎动物[1],被称为生物进化的“活化石”。它营养丰富,干品蛋白质含量约达70%左右,还含有较高的磷和碘,脂肪含量低,具有较高的 相似文献
15.
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16.
应用药敏纸片法测定63种抗菌药物对ML316、B-Ah6、TPS30、9617、YT-1、YT-715、ZY00-1、CQ-1、CHS-2、HB-04、JXO1-1、A.h1、A.h标准株、B-2、ATCC7966、0081、0030、JS70322NA等18株嗜水气单胞菌的敏感性,选择敏感药物硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸阿米卡星、硫酸新霉素、盐酸米诺环素、硫酸链霉素测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示:MIC≤12.5 mg/L的药物,硫酸新霉素占61.11%,盐酸米诺环素占94.44%,硫酸庆大霉素占72.22%;MBC≤25mg/L的药物,硫酸新霉素占50%,盐酸米诺环素占72.22%,硫酸庆大霉素占55.56%,优于硫酸阿米卡星、硫酸链霉素,但硫酸庆大霉素均匀度不佳,因而硫酸新霉素、盐酸米诺环素对实验菌株抑制和杀灭能力较强;硫酸新霉素、盐酸米诺环素与增效剂甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)分别以8∶2∶1和9∶1∶1比例混合配伍,加入TMP对实验菌株的MIC和MBC值较不加TMP显著下降,MIC值提高66.67%,MBC值则提高96.67%。综合原料成本,以硫酸新霉素、盐酸米诺环素与TMP比例分别为9∶1∶1为配方药物,制作药物饲料,以健康锦鲤和JS70322NA菌株为对象,开展预防和治疗临床评价实验,结果显示:配方药物具有良好的预防和治疗效果,实验组鱼体表症状不明显、临床预防和治疗实验各梯度给药剂量的死亡率均比对照组下降40%~60%。 相似文献
17.
Zhang Yue Song Xiuxian Yu Zhiming Zhang Peipei Cao Xihua Yuan Yongquan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(3):1051-1061
Using modified clay is one of the most promising methods for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms(HABs). However, the environmental impact of modified clay has become a subject of global concern. In this study, turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) embryos were used as a model to assess the effect of modified clay on this sensitive stage of fish development. Results show that the 24 and 48 h LC_(50)(median lethal concentrations) of the modified clay were 1.70 and 1.65 g/L, and the safe concentration was 0.47 g/L, which is much higher than the concentration used to treat HAB. The modified clay did not affect significantly the hatchability of turbot embryos but when the concentration exceeded 0.50 g/L, the deformity rate of newly hatched larvae increased significantly. The total length, specific growth rate(SGR)and yolk sac absorption rate of larvae reached their peaks at 0.50 g/L and then gradually decreased as the concentration of modified clay increased. Therefore, a moderate amount of modified clay does not harm the survival and hatching of turbot embryos, or the growth and development of newly hatched larvae. 相似文献
18.
Toxic effects of zinc on four species of freshwater fish 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The toxic effects of Zn2+ on Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthyps molitrix C. et V.), Big Head Carp (Aristrichthys nobilis Richardson), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon ilellus C. et V.), and Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama aimbly-cephala Yih) are studied. The test results are: (1) There are linear correlations between 24h LC50 and 48h LC50 of Zn2+ for Silver Carp fingerling and temperature. 24h LC50, 48h LC50 and 96h LC50 of Zn2+ for fry of the four species are also determined; (2) There are logarithmic correlations between the growth rates of the fry
and the concentrations of Zn2+ and between expansion of fish egg membranes after absorbing water and concentrations of Zn2+; (3) The tolerance of fry of the four species to Zn2+ is in the following order: Grass Carp>Silver Carp>Blunt Snout Bream>Big Head Carp; (4) The safe concentrations of Zn2+ are: Big Head Carp: 0.008 mg/L, Grass Carp: 0.046 mg/L, Blunt Snout Bream: 0.010 mg/L, Silver Carp: 0.012 mg/L, Silver Carp
fingerling: 0.09 mg/L. 相似文献
19.
Results of a series of experiments(on the adsorption of divalent metal ions by dried alginic acid, Na and Ca alginates of different composition and block structure) conducted in this systematic study of the effects of the composition and structure of alginates on the static adsorption equilibrium of divalent metal ions indicate that the properties of alginate adsorption to divalent metal ions are highly different, depending not only on the cations used, but also on the form and structure of the alginates. There is close correlation between the adsorption properties and the structure of the alginates. The selectivity coefficient of Na alginate for Cd-Sr ion exchange tends to increase with the increase of the M/G ratio in alginate, whereas the adsorption capacity of Ca alginate for Cu~(2+) ion decrease with the increase of the G-block or the average length of the G-block ((?)_G) and the total adsorption capacity of alginic acid is found to vary in the same order as the F_(MM)(diad frequency) in alginate in 相似文献