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1.
Scallop Chlamys farreri was exposed to different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (0.5 μg/L, 1.0 μg/L, 10.0 μg/L and 50.0 μg/L) for 30 days
in seawater. The 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly induced, and increased with the increasing
BaP concentration. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase
(GPx) activities increased in short time at low concentration of BaP, and was significantly depressed at high concentrations.
Scallop gill was more sensitive to BaP than the digestive gland, and the digestive gland was the main tissue to deal with
oxyradicals. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with the exposure time and there was a positive correlation (concentration-effect)
between the MDA content and the concentration of BaP. The biomarkers determined in this experiment had important roles in
detoxification, and showed great potential as biomarkers for oxidative stress. Controlled laboratory experiments designed
to simulate field exposure scenarios are particularly useful in ascertaining biomarkers suitable for use with complex contaminant
mixtures in the marine environment.
Supported by the Technology Development Program of Shandong (No. 2008GG1005010) and the Program of Introducing Talents of
Discipline of Universities (111 Project, No. B08049) 相似文献
2.
In vitro acute cytotoxicity of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) to the gill cell line of flounder (FG) that collected in the gill of Paralichthys olivaceus, was examined by 3 widely used endpoint bioassays: NR (neutral red), MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and TCP (total cell protein). The result shows that the IMI increased at concentrations ≥0.5 μg/ml. The IC50 value of NR, MTT, and TCP was 41.86, 38.46, and 39.08 μg/ml, respectively. The ultrastructural observation revealed that the mitochondria of the cells exposed to 60 μg/ml IMI for 48 h were severely damaged, swollen or disrupted, while their nuclei and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) remained normal. This would suggest that the mitochondria are probably the primary target of IMI. 相似文献
3.
Preliminary studies on microzooplankton grazing were conducted with dilution method in Jiaozhou Bay from summer 1998 to spring
1999. Four experiments were carried out at St. 5 located at the center of Jiaozhou Bay. Chlorophyll a concentrations were
consistently dominated by netphytoplankton (net-, >20μm), except during the autumn 1998 cruise, when they were dominated by
nanophytoplankton(nano-, 2–20μm). The contribution of picophytoplankton (pico-, <2μm) to total chlorophyll a concentrations
(<200μm) varied considerably between cruises. Instantaneous growth coefficients(u) of phytoplankton varied from 0.098 to 1.947d−1, with mean value of 0.902d−1. Instantaneous coefficients(g) of microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton ranged from 0.066 to 0.567d−1, mean value of 0.265d−1, which was equivalent to daily lose of 21.9% of the initial standing stock and 58.1% of the daily potential production.
Project No KZCX3-SW-214 supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
4.
This study showed lethal concentrations (LC) of copper forPeneaus penicillatus at various stages of its life cycle were 1000 μg/L for nauplii, 1000 μg/L for Zoea I, 2000 vg/L for Zoea II, 2500 μg/L for
Zoea III, 3000 μg/L for Mysis I, II and III and that for almost 100% mortality for postlarvae was 3000 μg/L. For cadmium LC
were 100 μg/L for nauplii, 500 μg/L for Zoea I, 1000 μg/L for Zoea II, 2000 μg/L for Zoea III, 2500 μg/L for Mysis I and 3500
μg/L for Mysis II, III and postlarvae. For mixture of both metals, LC were 400 μg/L for nauplii, 1000 μg/L for Zoea I, 2000
μg/L for Zoea II and 3000 μg/L for Mysis I, II, III and post larvae. 相似文献
5.
This paper reports results of study on the contents of proteins, amino acids, polysaccharose and uronic acids in 30 species of macroalgae from Shicao, Heishijiao, Shimiao, and Xiaofujiazhuang in the vicinity of Dalian City, N.E.China. The results showed that the protein contents of the 30 algae from highest (112.55μg/ml) to the lowest (0.24 p.g/ml) was in the descending order of Dictyopteris ndalata, Gelidium vagum,Gymnogongrus japonican, Ectocarpus confervoides, Tinocladia crassa, Sargassum thunberii. In general, the protein content in red algae was higher than that in brown algae. The content of free ami no acids showed nosignificent differences from 7.44μg/ml-4.96μg/ml in all these algae, in the descending order of Gymnogongrusrus japonican, Sargassum confusum, Undoria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica and Ectocarpus confervoides. The content of polysaccharose varied from 168.2 gg/ml-22.15 p.g/ml in the descending order of Symphyocladiaia tiuscula, Scytosiphon lomentarius, Desmarestia viridis., Tinocladia crassa, Gracilaria asiatica and Porphyra yezoensis. The content of uronic acids is from 196.24μg/ml-20.77μg/ml in the descending order of Ulva lactuca,Symphyoclaldia latiuscula, Scytosiphon lomentarius, Ceramimum kondoi, Gracilaria vemucosa and Porphyra yezoensis. The fatty acids in 30 species of algae belong to Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta. Most phaeophytes have many (4-12) types of fatty acids. 相似文献
6.
A continuous marine fish cell line RSBF(i.e.Red Sea Bream Fin)was utilized to screen the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of polyethylenimine(PEI)and nickel cholride(NiCl2)in this study on the deleterious effects of aquatic genotoxins on fish.At the 0.01 to 1μgml concentration tested,PEI had acute toxicity to the treated RSBF cells(IC50=1.12,0.92,0.88 and 0.64μg/ml PEI for time 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after treatment,respectively)and markedly inhibited their proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.At the 0.001 to 5 μmol/L concentration tested,NiCl2 posed no acute toxicity but significantly stimulated their growth(107?214?of control).Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was used to detect the genotoxic effects of PEI and NiCl2 by comparing the RAPD banding patterns of the control and treated cells.RAPD analysis indicated that at the concentrations tested,PEI was more genotoxic than NiCl2 to RSBF cells;that there was a slight dose-dependent response in the genotoxic effect of PEI bue not NiCl2;and that RAPD technique might provide a sensitive,non-specif-ic gentoxic endpoint.And the potent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PEI on fish cells showed that we should be cautious in utilizing it as gene vector in fish gene transfer and human gene therapy. 相似文献
7.
INTRODUCTIONTheindustrialdevelopmentandrisingpopulationintheXiamencoastalzonearelikelytoresultinincreasingpollutantsloadingwhichcanaffecttheoceanicecosystemsenvironmentthereandthreatenhumanhealth .PAHs ,asgoodenvironmentpollutionindicators(Aizenshat,1 973 ;Randahl,1 983 ) ,arerela tivelystableinairandwater,andarewidelydistributedintheaquaticenvironmentasaresultofhumanactivities.ProposedprimarysourcesofPAHsincludecombustionofvariousfossilfuels,nat uralfires,roadrunoff streetdustaswellas… 相似文献
8.
A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the bioaccumulation of Pb2+ and its effects on growth, morphology and pigment contents of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. The specimen cultured in Zarrouk liquid medium was treated with various initial metal concentrations (0, 5, 10, 30, 50 and
100 μg mL−1). The growth of S. platensis was adversely affected by Pb2+ at high concentrations (30, 50 and 100 μg mL−1). However, at low concentrations (5 μg mL−1), Pb2+ could stimulate its growth slightly. The pigment contents (chlorophyll α and β carotene) were decreased in a dose-dependent
manner. The highest reductions (67% and 53% respectively in chlorophyll α and β carotene) were observed in 100 μg mL−1 treatment group. The LC50 (96 h) of Pb2+ was measured as 75.34 μg mL−1. Apart from a few cases of filament breakages at elevated concentrations (50 and 100 μg mL−1), morphological abnormalities are not specific. Metal bioaccumulation increased with Pb2+ concentrations, but decreased with exposure time. The maximum accumulated amount was 188 mg g−1 dry weight. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) reached to a peak at day 2, followed by a gradual reduction for all the exposure
concentrations. S. platensis is able to tolerate considerably high Pb2+ concentrations. Consequently it can be used as a potential species to remove heavy metal from contaminated waters. 相似文献
9.
IAA 3-Indolylacetic acid, NAA a-Naphthylacetic acid and cytokinins in PESI culture medium were used in a study on the effects
of plant hormones on the growth of free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis which showed that its growth in medium with cytokinins, IAA and NAA was more rapid than that in medium with non—phytohormones;
that the optimal concentrations for promoting growth were 10 μg/L for IAA and ZA (Zeatin), and 0.1 μg/L for BA 6-Benzyl amino
purine and KIN 6-Furfurylamino- purine. Mix use of NAA, IAA and cytokinins, NAA/ZA 1–1000/1 μg/L, NAA/BA 10/1-1000 μg/L, NAA/KIN
1/1-1000 μg/L promoted growth. IAA/ZA 0.1-1/0.1-1 μg/L; IAA/BA 0.1-1/0.1-10 μg/L IAA/KIN 1/0.1-1000 μg/L also promoted growth.
Contribution No. 2335 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Contribution No. 94 from the Experimental
Marine Biology Lab Qingdao, China.
The research was supported by a grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
10.
1INTRODUCTIONPolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons (PAHs)depo sit edinmarineenvironmentsfromavarietyofsourcessuchaswastewater,industrialanddomesticdischarges,andoilspills.Themajorityofthesesourcesfrompetrogenicoriginischaracterizedbyadominanceoflowmolecularweightaromaticcompounds,especiallynaphthaleneandalkylatedPAHs(Sportoletal.,1 983 ) .Crudeoilanditsrefinedproductssuchasgasoline,keroseneandotherfu eloilshaveahighcontentofalkylatedPAHsduetotheirslowformationattemperatureslowerthanthatofcomb… 相似文献
11.
After discarding marine microorganisms from conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis and Porphyra ha/tanens/s, their axenic cultures were obtained through treatment with antibiotics. Antibiotic disc tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness of each antibiotic in eliminating contaminating microorganisms. Five of 12 antibiotics tested were selected and used to produce the axenic cultures in this study, which showed that 200 μg/mL streptomycin, 250 μg/mL penicillin, 252 μg/mL kanamycin, 30 μg/mL neomycin, 200 μg/mL chloramphenicol were effective concentrations for eliminating microorganisms from conchocelis when antibiotics were added singly step by step; whereas simultaneous combination of 150 μg/mL streptomycin, 250 (or 350) μg/mL penicillin, 150 (or 250) μg/mL kanamycin, 70 μg/mL neomycin and 200 μg/mL chloramphenicol was also effective for producing the axenic cultures. However,it seemed that the treatments with antibiotics applied individually were more feasible than those with all antibiotics added at the same time. This may be due to the combined inhibiting effect of antibiotics on the growth and development of conchocelis. 相似文献
12.
After a serial of UV, EMS and NTG mutagenesis, a mutant named MM of the red marine yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. hidai was obtained. The mutant MM could produce 603.93 μg g−1 of carotenoid within 5 days in the medium containing 4.0 g sucrose, 1.5 g yeast extract, 0.1 g MgSO4, and 100 mL of sea water, with pH 6.0 and at 30 °C, while only 213.18 μg g−1 of carotenoid was produced by the wild type under the same conditions. 相似文献
13.
To gain a better understanding of water quality and eutrophication, we investigated the seasonal and spatial distribution
of water quality at 17 stations in the Guangzhou Sea Zone (GZSZ). Nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), salinity, chemical oxygen demand, and other physical and chemical parameters were determined in February, May, August and
October from 2005 to 2007. The concentrations showed ranges of 93.2–530.4 μmol/L for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), 0.62–3.16
μmol/L for phosphate (PO4-P) and 50–127 μmol/L for silicate (SiO3-Si). The results indicated that DIN was strongly influenced by domestic sewage coming from Guangzhou City and NO3-N was the main form of DIN in most areas, while concentrations of phosphate and silicate were generally controlled by Pearl
River runoff, land-based sources along the land or islands, and algae assimilation. N/P ratios were very high in both dry
season and wet season, and varied from 57 to 667, suggesting that P was potentially the most limiting nutrient in the GZSZ.
The concentrations of Chl-a were 3–96 μg/L, and were highly correlated with the distribution characteristics of COD. The concentrations of nutrients
have increased over the past two decades (1982–2007). This means it is necessary to control the input of nutrients to the
GZSZ, especially that of phosphate. 相似文献
14.
The effects of two intraperitoneal injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or [D-ALA6, pro9-N-ethylamide]-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A), respectively, and the combined effect of LHRH-A with
pimozide (PIM), a dopamine antagonist, on ovulation in female mud skipper were investigated. A high rate of ovulation (83.3%)
was observed after injection with HCG(30 I. U./g). Injection of LHRH-A at a total dosage of 2 μg/g was 100% effective in inducing
ovulation. No ovulations occurred in the group receiving a low dosage of LHRH-A (0.02 μg/g). Injection of LHRH-A (0.2 μg/g)
with PIM (10 or 20 μg/g) induced greater ovulatory response than injection with LHRH-A (0.2 μg/g) alone. PIM at total dosages
of 0.2 μg/g or 2 μg/g did not enhance the potency of LHRH-A to stimulate ovulation. 相似文献
15.
This study on the distribution features of petroleum hydrocarbon in water and sedi-ment off the Fujian shore using data obtained from the baseline research on oceanic contamination in Fujian showed that:during the research preiod,petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in water varied from 5.77μg/L to 37.28μg/L,averaged 14.48 μg/L;was lower in the wet seasson than in the dry season;and was highest in the Minjiang Estuary and Jiulong Estuary in both seasons ,The petorleum hydrocarbon concentrations in shore sediment varied from 14.48 mg/kg to 784.36 mg/kg,averaged 133.3 mg/kg ,and was closely related to sediment types (granularity). 相似文献
16.
The investigation shows that the concentrations of nutrients are high in estuarine and coastal waters and low in offshore
waters. The concentration of nitrate in estuaries is controlled through a physical mixing process and is also affected by
biotic activity. The annual transport of total inorganic nitrogen and dissolved phosphate-phosphorus from the Huanghe River
water to the sea is about 8.45 ×104 and 1.45×103 tons respectively. The distributions of inorganic nitrogen and silicate in interstitial water of surface sediments are similar
to those in surface and bottom seawater. Their contents in interstitial water are 227–552 μmol/l (average375) for ammonia,
0.31–9.0 μmol/l (average 1.6) for nitrite, 0–41 μmol/l (average6.0) for nitrate, and 41–139 μmol/l (average 77) for silicate.
The average concentrations of phosphate in the surveyed area are 0.64 μmol/l for seawater and 1.2 μmol/l for interstitial
water. A cycle of phosphate in the estuary is also suggested in this paper.
Contribution No. 1434 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. 相似文献
17.
Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments of Hong Kong Victoria Harbour and Xiamen Western Bay 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
INTRODUCTIONOrganochiorine(OC)compounds,suchaspolych1orinatalbiphenyIsrpCBs),hexachlorocycohexane(HCH)andDDThaveentetalmarineenvirorimentSthI0ughatmospherictransport,estuarinerunofTcoastalwaterdischarge,andsoon.InspiteoftheastriCtion0rbanonOCsusageinmostcountriesformanyyears,OCnsiduescanstillbefoundatconsiderableleveIsinvari0usmarineaservotrisuchasseaWhtef,maforor-ganismandtaltrit.ooinrnarineenvirOrimenthavedrawnmuchattenti0ntheuse0ftheirubiquity,persistenceandt0xidty.Marinesedtri… 相似文献
18.
1INTRODUCTIONInrecentyearsglobalclimatechangehasbeenanissueofbothpublicandscientificconcern.Oceanscover71 %ofearthandplayamajorroleinglobalclimatechange.Phosphorus,asacriticalelement,regulatespri maryproductioninaquaticecosystems.Therefore,thefunctionofphosphorusinoceansystemhasreceivedin creasingscientificinterest(Songetal.,2 0 0 3 ) .PP (particulatephosphorus)isanimportantforminphosphorustransferinseawater(Song,2 0 0 1 ) .Pro portionofPPintotalphosphorus(TP)inseawatervar iesfrom 1 0 … 相似文献
19.
Extracts of 21 marine invertebrates belonging to Coelenterata, Mollusca, Annelida, Bryozoa,Echiura, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Urochordata were screened for the studies on their antitumor and immune regulation activities. Antitumor activity was determined by MTT method and immune regulation activity was studied using T- and B-lymphocytes in mice spleen in vitro. It was found that the n-butanol part of Asterina pectinifera, the acetic ether part of Tubuaria marina, 95% ethanol extract of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus have a high inhibition rate of 96.7%, 63.9% and 50.5% respectively on tumor cell line HL-60 at the concentration of 0.063 mg/ml. The inhibition rate of the acetic ether part of Tubuaria marina on the tumor cell line A-549 is 65,4 % at concentration of 0.063 mg/mL. The 95% ethanol extract of Meretrix meretrix has so outstanding promoting effect on T-lymphocytes that their multiplication increases 25% when the sample concentration is only 1μg/ml. On B-lymphocytes, the 95% extract of Rapana venosa, at concentration of 100μg/ml, has a promotion percentage of 60%. On the other hand, under the condition of no cytotoxic effect, the 95% ethanol extracts of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus and Cellana toreum can reach 92% inhibition rate on T lymphocyte at concentration of 100μg/ml, while the inhibition rate on B lymphocyte of the 95% extract of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus reaches 92% at the same concentration. 相似文献
20.
Distribution, variation and impact factors of biomass of bacterioplankton from April to May 1999 in Bohai Sea were studied in DAPI method with epifluorescence microscopy. The biomass in surface waters showed a small day-night variation, varying from 0.13 to 2.51μg/dm^3 with an average of 0.84μg/dm^3. The biomass in bottom waters showed, however, a large variation, changing from 0.15 to 4.18μg/dm^3 with an average of 1.36μg/dm^3. The peak values occurred at 5 and 11 a.m. The bottom water biomass showed a significant correlation with particulate organic carbon （r=0.639, P〈0.05）. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton biomass was high in nearshore waters and low in offshore areas with a high biomass zone around Huanghe （Yellow） River mouth, showing the same distribution of nutrients. In vertical distribution, heterotrophic bacteria biomass in bottom waters was higher than that in surface water. 相似文献