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刘后昌 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(3):94-94
古语云：＂蛮夷之也,怀柔教化。＂＂怀化＂就是＂怀柔教化＂之意。北宋熙宁七年（1074）置泸阳县,属沅州,下设八铺,怀化铺为其中心,怀化之名源于此,意为以怀柔政策感化而治之。《湖南古今地名辞典》云：怀化市＂宋为黔阳、辰溪、泸阳县地,并于今泸阳镇设怀化铺,市名源起于此＂。在历史上,全国有6个县级怀化,即：唐代,今山西忻县北为怀化;晋代,今广西怀集县东设怀化县;辽宁大连市金州区,宋代称怀化;广东番禺汉建安六年（201）至清康熙二十五年（1686）近1500年间设南海郡怀化县。 相似文献
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刘后昌 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(9):91-91
正花垣县是一个苗族人口占70%的县,原名叫"永绥县"。"永绥"2字是由清雍正八年(1730)清王朝征服那里的六里苗寨后,于吉多坪(今吉卫镇)设副将"永绥协"而来。设六里周知主管民事,治所也在吉多坪。雍正十年改六里周知为永绥厅,是为花垣县雏形。嘉庆二年(1797)设永绥直隶厅,成为湘西四镇之一。民国元年(1912)改为永绥行政厅。民国2年设永绥县。"永绥"寓"永远绥靖"之意,镇压苗人 相似文献
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正吉首历史悠久。春秋战国属楚。秦属黔中郡。汉属武陵郡。宋熙宁三年(1070)置镇溪砦(寨),为军事要地。元属卢溪县。明洪武初年,朝廷设巡检司,发黄册,苗民反抗。明洪武三十年(1397)设镇溪千户所,隶辰州卫,形成"里"的编制,"所里"之名源于此。清康熙四十三年(1704)撤千户所为乾州厅,治乾州。民国二年(1913)置乾县,次年,因与陕西乾县重名,改为乾城县。由此可见,古代只有乾州,而无吉首之名。吉首在苗语中意为"养育苗家的乙方水 相似文献
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自明代杰出的地图学家罗洪先（1504-1564年）所编制的《广舆图》（1541年）和利玛窦带来西方精确地图测绘技术开始,中国的地图制图技术已经迈入了近代地图学的门槛,因此,明-清-民国是中国近代地图学从雏形走向成熟的完整阶段[1]。随着现代地图的应用与发展广泛、深入,抽象的概括型地图符号及普通的二维平面地图已不能满足读图者的需求,制图者开始探索虚拟现实、三维地图等表达方法,这与中国近代传统制图的写景法有异曲同工之处。所以,对中国近代地图制图技术及表现方法的研究,对于现代地图学的发展具有重要作用。本文通过阅读大量的中国近代（即明、清、民国时期）的地图资料,查阅前人的研究资料,总结和提炼了中国明、清、民国3个不同时期地图制图的技术,分别阐述了3个时期地图要素、表示方法及其制图技术的发展。 相似文献
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刘后昌 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2014,(4)
正张家界原名大庸,是古庸国所在地。明洪武二年(1369)置大庸县。清雍正十三年(1735)设永定县。大庸、永定之名一直延续至民国。新中国成立后,大庸县属湘西土家族苗族自治州管辖。1988年5月,大庸市升为省辖市。1994年4月,大庸市更名为张家界市。"界"者,有两层含义,一指领属界限,二指高山。亿万年前,张家界武陵源地区曾是一片汪洋大海。经历地壳运动,斗转星移,沧海变桑田。地质专家陈国达称"万年雕镂功成渐,绣就画图稀世珍",张家界的奇峰异石,为世界瞩目。2010年10 相似文献
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逍遥镇位于河南省周口市西华县西南部,始建于东汉建安年间（公元196年～公元220年）,初名小淘,因沙河、颍河傍镇而过,又名合流镇。宋代,在此任职的王知县有感而发,写诗赞叹道：“百业俱兴数小窑,官顺民安世称道。天时地利随人意,任职四载乐逍遥。…‘逍遥”名字由此而来。到了清代,干脆更名为逍遥镇。 相似文献
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Sangeeta Sundriyal Vijay Shridhar Sandeep Madhwal Kamal Pandey Vikram Sharma 《山地科学学报》2018,15(10):2276-2291
Tourism in mountainous regions is a significant source of revenue generation. However, it has also been associated with many adverse environmental consequences. This study aims at assessing the negative impacts of the incessant upsurge in tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie, a well-known mountain tourist destination in India. The impact indicators for the region were identified and assessed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of field observations. The observations indicated the aggravation of traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution, undisposed solid waste, water scarcity and infrastructure unavailability as the prevalent issues, especially during the peak tourist months. The extent of the consequential damage to the environment was evaluated by conducting an assessment of tourism-induced human disturbance on the natural landscape of the town. Slope, slope aspect, vegetation cover, road network and drainage network were incorporated as the determining landscape attributes to prepare thematic maps of landscape quality (perceivable intrinsic properties) and landscape fragility (vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances) using GIS technique. An absorption capacity map was finally prepared to characterize the study area into regions of different conservation needs. The results identified the need for planning appropriate preservation strategies for different tourist places in the town. The study can be used by the policy makers for implementing the regulatory measures against potential disturbances due to mass-tourism. 相似文献
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以黄冈地区青石镇政府后山堆积层滑坡为例，在分析了其工程地质特征及地质结构特征的基础上，采用有限元法研究了非饱和土瞬态体积含水量及孔隙水压力的分布，采用考虑孔隙水压力的Janbu法分析计算了降雨对堆积层滑坡安全系数的影响。研究结果表明:①降雨入渗导致坡体孔隙水压力升高，滑面抗剪强度降低，安全系数也随之逐渐降低，其中在降雨前期，两侧的抗剪强度下降速率比中部快，而到了后期中部的抗剪强度下降速率明显快于两侧；②安全系数变化表现为前19 d以0.008/d的速率缓慢下降，19~30 d以0.03/d的速率缓慢下降，30 d以后下降速度降低，至36 d之后不再发生变化，其中在0~11 d两侧抗剪强度变化对滑坡整体稳定性变化的贡献比中部大，19~36 d中部抗剪强度变化对滑坡整体稳定性变化的贡献要比两侧大；③降雨入渗过程中，地下水从坡体表层和两侧流向坡体中部，负孔压区面积向中部不断压缩，中部地下水变化受到两侧及上层的制约，体积含水量及孔隙水压力变化相对滞后；④该滑坡的防治重点是做好降雨前期坡体后缘地下水截流以及前缘地下水排泄工作，同时，做好地表排水，减少降雨入渗。 相似文献
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The instability of soil bank slopes induced by freeze-thaw cycles at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain is very common.The failure not only caused a large amount of soil erosion,but also led to serious reservoir sedimentation and water quality degradation,which exerted a lot of adverse effects on agricultural production in the local irrigation areas.Based on field investigations on dozens of irrigation reservoirs there,laboratory tests were carried out to quantitatively analyze the freeze-thaw effect on the soil engineering characteristics to reveal the facilitation on the bank slope instability.The results show that the softening characteristics of the stressstrain curves gradually weaken,the effective cohesions decline exponentially,the seepage coefficients enlarge,and the thermal conductivities decrease after 7 freeze-thaw cycles.The freeze-thaw effect on the specimens with low confining pressures,low dry densities and high water contents is more significant.The water migration and the phase transition between water and ice result in the variations of the soil internal microstructures,which is the main factor affecting the soil engineering characteristics.Sufficient water supply and the alternation of positive and negative temperatures at the reservoir bank slopes in cold regions make the water migration and phase transition in the soil very intensely.It is easy to form a large number of pores and micro cracks in the soil freezing and thawing areas.The volume changes of the soil and the water migration are difficult to reach a dynamic balance in the open system.Long-term freeze-thaw cycles will bring out the fragmentation of the soil particles,resulting in that the micro cracks on the soil surfaces are developing continuously.The soil of the bank slopes will fall or collapse when these cracks penetrate,which often happens in winter there. 相似文献
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辽河滩海地区东部构造演化与潜山带内幕油气聚集 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《东北石油大学学报》2017,(1)
郯庐断裂带在前古近纪及新生代分别发生左旋走滑和右旋走滑运动,造成辽河滩海地区东部的构造演化过程相对复杂。利用地震资料精细解释、构造分析和储层预测等方法,分析辽河滩海地区东部构造演化过程及潜山油气运聚。结果表明:前古近纪时期NE向左旋走滑的燕南、燕东断层,以及EW向的中—古生代断层形成燕南潜山带的内幕形态,潜山带北部内幕圈闭奥陶系储层厚度大、裂缝发育程度高;始新世时期东部凹陷沉积研究区烃源岩地层;渐新世时期燕南断层右行走滑影响潜山带的平面及纵向形态,并开启油气往潜山内幕圈闭运移的通道。该研究为下辽河—辽东湾地区的潜山勘探提供参考。 相似文献
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Rainfall induced landslides are a common threat to the communities living on dangerous hill-slopes in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Extreme population pressure, indiscriminate hill cutting, increased precipitation events due to global warming and associated unplanned urbanization in the hills are exaggerating landslide events. The aim of this article is to prepare a scientifically accurate landslide susceptibility map by combining landslide initiation and runout maps. Land cover, slope, soil permeability, surface geology, precipitation, aspect, and distance to hill cut, road cut, drainage and stream network factor maps were selected by conditional independence test. The locations of 56 landslides were collected by field surveying. A weight of evidence (WoE) method was applied to calculate the positive (presence of landslides) and negative (absence of landslides) factor weights. A combination of analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and fuzzy membership standardization (weighs from 0 to 1) was applied for performing a spatial multi-criteria evaluation. Expert opinion guided the decision rule for AHP. The Flow-R tool that allows modeling landslide runout from the initiation sources was applied. The flow direction was calculated using the modified Holmgren’s algorithm. The AHP landslide initiation and runout susceptibility maps were used to prepare a combined landslide susceptibility map. The relative operating characteristic curve was used for model validation purpose. The accuracy of WoE, AHP, and combined susceptibility map was calculated 96%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. 相似文献
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利用2001～2015年三峡数字遥测地震台网记录到的数字地震观测资料,结合三峡工程水库蓄水情况,采用Atkinson方法分析该地区的地震波衰减特征,得到不同蓄水阶段、不同库段的非弹性衰减结果。结果显示,Q值与频率变化的线性关系较好,各频点在拟合线附近波动;3个库段在不同蓄水阶段均具有较小的Q0值和中等的η值,表明三峡工程水库重点监视区构造复杂,且介质的均匀程度较低;仙女山-九畹溪断裂附近地区Q值较大,表明该地区构造运动比较稳定;巴东高桥断裂附近地区Q值较小,表明该地区构造运动比较强烈;泄滩地区随着水位的升高,Q0值增大,表明该地区介质均匀程度有所提高。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩古潜山油藏储层非均质性强烈,油、水分布特征十分复杂.以现代岩溶理论为指导,通过对轮古西奥陶系古潜山岩溶地表古水系的详细分级刻画,采用趋势面分析方法对古潜山岩溶残丘次级进行了划分,结合单井油水界面判识结果,对残丘级次的控油规律进行了综合分析,并运用油气差异聚集原理阐述了其控制机理.研究结果揭示了古潜山油藏部分油井油水界面分布受控于不同次级的残丘,从运移近源低部位向高部位油水界面呈抬升趋势,由一级残丘控制向二级残丘控制变化.这一分布规律本质上是油气差异聚集过程中不断抬升的岩溶沟谷决定的溢出点和相对独立的缝洞单元联合控制的.这一认识可为油藏开发方案的制定和调整提供重要依据. 相似文献
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The Mushroom Stone Forest, which consists of granite boulders looking like mushrooms with flared sidewalls, is located in eastern Guangdong China, and is a famous scenic spot that draws many tourists each year. The Mushroom Stone Forest has been traditionally recognized as a collection of wave erosion landforms and used for the reconstruction of palaeo-sea-level changes along the coastal areas of eastern Guangdong in previous coastal researches. By combining in situ measurements of the aspect,vertical profile and height of boulder sidewalls,palaeo-coastal wave direction estimation, rock density determination, major elemental analysis, and petrographic thin section analysis, this paper presents an alternative origin for the Mushroom Stone Forest.Our results suggest that wave or wind erosion cannot offer a satisfactory explanation for the formation of the Mushroom Stone Forest; The boulders that make up the Mushroom Stone Forest originated from the corestones in the granite weathering crusts of the Little Sangpu Mountain; When the debris of the weathering crust was removed, the corestones are perched on rocky outcrops or half-buried by weathering debris beneath the natural land surface;The flared sidewall (concave vertical profile) of the boulders is a particular form developed in the foot zone of a half-buried boulder through increased chemical weathering beneath the land surface. A recent exposed half-buried boulder found in the study area provides convincing evidence to support this argument. Sea water reached the foot of the Sangpu Mountain during the Holocene transgression, but it merely provided a mechanism to erode the weathering debris from the bottom of the mushroom rocks and enhanced salt weathering that created tafoni on the boulders. These findings demonstrate that the boulders of the Mushroom Stone Forest are not sea stacks and cannot be served as a palaeo-sea-level indicator. 相似文献
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为查明雄安新区深部碳酸盐岩热储的赋存特征与聚热机制,中国地质调查局近两年组织实施的雄安新区地热清洁能源调查评价工作,综合地温场背景、深部地质结构、凹凸相间构造格局、深浅断裂系统控热导热、地球物理场特征、区域水动力场、水化学场与温度场的多场耦合指示等综合探测手段,分析总结了高阳地热田东北部深部古潜山地热资源的最新勘查成果,阐述了雄安新区深部高温古潜山热田的聚热机制:①受太平洋板块向西俯冲影响,华北克拉通东部破坏明显,岩石圈、地壳厚度大嵋减薄,有利于幔源热向浅部的传导;②区域马西断层等深大走滑断裂切穿了岩石圈,有利于深部的幔源热物质和深部岩浆上侵入地壳;③热流由低热导率的凹陷区向高热导率的凸起区聚集,地下水沿断裂的深循环对流加热,区域岩溶地下水的汇流区等也有一定的聚热效应。在雄安新区深部碳酸盐岩热储聚热机制理论指导下,在高阳地热田东北部古潜山布设施工了两眼高温、高产地热井,井口水温分别达到109.2℃,123.4℃,揭示验证了雄安新区深部存在地热开发的第二空间——蓟县系碳酸盐岩热储,深部碳酸盐岩地热水温度高、流量大、开发潜力巨大。研究成果对雄安新区乃至华北盆地高温、高产地热井位的布设与深部碳酸盐岩热储开发利用的科学部署具有很好的示范与指导意义。 相似文献