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1.
将剪切型危岩主控结构面按受力机理归纳为压剪和拉剪两种形式，其本质是Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的断裂扩展问题。应用最大应变能释放准则，建立危岩主控结构面开裂角θ0和断裂韧度GIC的计算方法。选取重庆万州首立山典型危岩进行计算，结果表明，其断裂角与基于最大周向应力准则的断裂角计算结果一致，主控结构面的开裂方向均是指向临空面方向，初步验证了方法的可行性。 相似文献
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为了研究不同腐蚀条件下的焊缝磁记忆特征信号,对20号钢板状焊缝试件进行残余应力腐蚀、35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀和35kN静载、25kN动载拉拉腐蚀疲劳对比实验,分析焊缝正、反面磁记忆信号的变化规律,获得焊缝腐蚀发展进程中应力腐蚀与腐蚀疲劳各自对应的磁记忆特征信号.结果表明:在应力腐蚀状态下,不同拉伸载荷对应的磁记忆信号特征不同,35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀与残余应力腐蚀相比,焊缝区磁记忆信号峰峰值及其梯度更大,磁记忆曲线分布的分散度更大;35kN静载、25kN动载拉拉腐蚀疲劳与35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀相比,焊缝区磁记忆曲线上下波动多,过零点次数多,磁记忆曲线分布的分散度小.这为磁记忆技术在焊缝工程检测的定性与定量分析提供基础数据. 相似文献
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4.
采用二氧化碳爆破致裂为激发干热岩储层提供了一种新的技术思路和途径。为了探究二氧化碳爆破致裂激发干热岩储层的作用效果, 开展了二氧化碳爆破致裂干热岩储层作用范围的数值模拟研究。考虑实际开采过程中钻井液对井壁附近干热岩储层的降温影响, 采用以温差为变量的拟合函数设置损伤区储层材料参数, 用洗井后井壁附近储层温度分布函数设置损伤区储层温度场, 并借助炸药爆破的相关理论、公式设置爆破荷载, 结合COMSOL软件模拟了二氧化碳爆破致裂激发干热岩储层的过程。结果表明, 二氧化碳爆破致裂干热岩过程中存在多次应力集中作用, 且在炮孔附近压应力集中造成压碎区, 压碎区外拉应力作用形成裂隙区; 储层的初始温度以及定压片厚度都会影响二氧化碳爆破致裂激发干热岩储层的作用效果, 其中初始温度对爆破压碎区范围影响较大, 对裂隙区范围影响较小, 定压片厚度改变对压碎区范围影响较小, 主要影响爆破裂隙区的分布。本研究成果可为干热岩地热能后续的开采利用提供理论支持和参考。 相似文献
5.
王佳 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1997,15(4):369-372
ImooUcr0NCormsinnofsodinconatisnowrognindasaseriousproblemwithlargeere-nondconSequenas.Thecormsionproducofondatthesurfaeeofrenfontin-dutaltenSioninthernaterial,resultinginfraCtureandspillingoftheconcretefromtherenfoot(Madrinaldetal.,l99l).Asaasult,theconCretestructure'sIneCanhalstwthisgreatiytalued.0wingtothephyShaldfultyofconduCtingforchdricalexperiInentsinconare,muCoftheworkintheaasofndanisticdCtendnationsforcormsionofstalincon-~wereconduedinalkalinesolution,generallyofporewatCr(Romirz… 相似文献
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The corrosion of rebar in reinforced concrete in marine environments causes significant damage to structures built in ocean environments. Studies on the process and mechanism of corrosion of rebar in the presence of multiple ions may help to control damage and predict the service life of reinforced concrete structures in such environments. The effect of interactions between sulfate and chloride ions and calcium hydroxide on the electrochemical behavior of rebar are also important for evaluation of structure durability. In this work, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) plots of rebar in Ca(OH)_2 solution and cement grout, including NaCl and Na_2SO_4 as aggressive salts, were measured for different immersion times. The results show that corrosion of rebar was controlled by the rate of charge transfer as the rebar was exposed to chloride solution. In the presence of high concentrations of sulfate ions in the electrolyte, generation and dissolution of the passive film proceeded simultaneously and corrosion was mainly controlled by the diffusion rate. When Na_2SO_4 and NaCl were added to Ca(OH)_2 solution, the instantaneous corrosion rate decreased by a factor of 10 to 20 as a result of the higher p H of the corroding solution. 相似文献
7.
裂缝对碳酸盐岩储层油气产能有重要的影响。在总结碳酸盐岩裂缝的分类、成因、主控因素、识别与预测等方面的基础上,认为对非构造缝的分类、命名及其含义仍存在较大争议。裂缝成因主要包括构造作用、成岩作用、异常高压作用、剥蚀作用和风化作用。粒度和孔隙度对构造缝发育的影响机理有待进一步深入研究。沉积相对构造缝发育有一定的影响,但同一沉积相内岩性组成复杂,难以准确揭示裂缝发育的影响机理。直接研究岩性对裂缝发育影响更利于揭示裂缝形成机理。基于成岩演化序列对裂缝进行研究可明确裂缝形成时的岩石特征,为深入讨论构造缝发育的主控因素提供了基础。层间缝、缝合线、异常高压缝和溶蚀缝等非构造缝发育的主控因素有待进一步深入研究。近几年地震技术识别裂缝突破不大,非常规测井识别裂缝领域以声波远探测技术发展最快。常规测井识别裂缝一直是研究的热点问题,不同学者提出了40余种裂缝识别方法。测井、地震信息裂缝预测法预测结果可靠性高,是目前主流的裂缝预测技术。规范裂缝分类、梳理裂缝成因、深化构造缝发育机理研究、加强非构造缝主控因素探讨、提高常规测井裂缝识别率、综合现有不同裂缝预测技术预测裂缝是下一步裂缝研究的重要发展方向。 相似文献
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认为微观转动不协调是产生断裂的原因。在现代有限变形力学Ｓ（应变）－Ｒ（转动）分解定理基础上提出了断裂扩展的最大转动梯度准则，可直接确定断裂产生的位置和扩展方向。初步应用该准则对雁行裂纹的形成过程进行了数值模拟。 相似文献
9.
????????????????????????????棬??????????????????????????????????????????GPS???????????????????????????M≥5.0????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч???????XY?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ο??????????? 相似文献
10.
煤层开采对所在矿区地下水系统有着重要影响。以往研究单煤层开采对地下水系统的影响较多，而对多煤层的影响研究甚少，特别对于我国西部缺水矿区。以南梁煤矿为例，运用地下水系统演化理论和岩石力学模拟等，对该矿井水文地质结构、矿井涌水变化规律、矿井地下水流场演变、矿井地下水化学成分变化等方面进行了综合分析研究，重构了多煤层开采条件下南梁矿井地下水系统流动模型，初步揭示了矿井水化学成分的演化机理。研究结果表明，2-2煤单煤层开采时，顶板导裂带的最大发育高度为42.1 m，而2-2和3-1煤层重复开采时则增大为83.1 m，相应地应力、位移、塑性区范围后者也比前者增大许多。这揭示出多煤层重复采动明显增大了顶板导裂带的发育高度，加剧了矿井水文地质结构变异，进一步地，导水裂隙带改变了天然地下水渗流路径，沟通了不同含水层之间的水力联系，增强了地下水流动速度和水文地球化学作用，整体扩大了地下水流动系统的规模，从降雨入渗→导裂带渗流→各煤层涌水→井底水仓排水构成了一个自然-人工复合地下水流动模式。研究成果可以为南梁煤矿的矿井水害防治及水资源高效利用提供科学依据，也为类似矿区提供研究参考。 相似文献
11.
针对在全三维水力压裂物理模拟实验中,水力裂缝实时扩展形态无法准确描述的问题,利用被动声波监测技术,研究水力裂缝在超大型(762cm×762cm×914cm)天然砂岩岩样中的扩展机理.结果表明:水力压裂裂缝呈经典的径向形态扩展,与实际裂缝形态一致;实验条件下,径向裂缝延伸净压力受断裂韧性的控制,与通常现场裂缝延伸净压力受流体黏性控制有很大区别.为与现场裂缝扩展进行相似对比,建议物模实验参数设计应适当提高液体黏度及排量,同时降低岩样断裂韧性.声波监测技术在超大尺寸水力压裂实验中的应用,可为现场水力压裂裂缝微地震监测技术应用提供指导. 相似文献
12.
INTR0DUCnONAlloycoatingscandetivelyproteCtsteelagainstcormsioninseri0uscormsionenvir-orunent,suchasthedrinesplashandtidalzones-TwoInainhodiptincaldrinumalloycOaingswidelyusedcommroiallyareGalfancoaing(contalningZn-5wt%kl-us)devel-oPedbytheIntemaionaltalZincReenhheZaionandhocoating(c0n-talningZn-55Wt%Al-1.6Wt%Si)develoPedbytheBethlehemSteelCorpOration-Anewrinc-basedalloycOaingdevel0PedbyNortheaStemUniversityisdiscussedinthesPaperbyelecthehendcalmethod.FromSun(l996),welmOWthecorms… 相似文献
13.
寒区岩石的力学特征往往受到冻融循环和荷载的共同影响,冻融岩石单轴压缩破坏断口蕴含着与冻融循环和荷载有关的损伤演化信息,冻融岩石单轴压缩破坏断口研究对冻融岩石断裂破坏机理分析有重要价值。为研究冻融岩石单轴压缩破坏断口形貌特征及其与宏观力学参数之间的关联性,通过摄影观测经历不同次数冻融循环的砂岩单轴压缩破坏断口形貌,采用像素点覆盖法计算断口分维值,探究了断口分维值与宏观力学参数之间的关系。结果表明:随着冻融次数的增加,冻融砂岩的力学性能劣化,单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、断口分维值、耗散能密度逐渐减小,峰值应变增大;单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、耗散能密度均与断口分维值之间存在指数关系,断口分维值越大,对应的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、耗散能密度越大。冻融岩石单轴压缩破坏断口分维值可作为寒区岩体断裂破坏机理分析的有效参数。 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(2)
Considering the continuous exploitation of marine resources,it is very important to study the anticorrosion performance and durability of zinc coated streel(ZCS) because its increasing use as reinforcements in seawater.Tafel polarization curves and linear polarization curves combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were employed to evaluate the corrosion performance of ZCS at Qingdao test station during long-term immersion in seawater.The results indicated that the corrosion rate of the ZCS increased obviously with immersion time in seawater.The corrosion products that formed on the zinc coated steel were loose and porous,and were mainly composed of Zn_5(OH)_8Cl_2,Zns(OH)_6(CO_3)_2,and ZnO.Pitting corrosion occurred on the steel surface in neutral seawater,and the rate of ZCS corrosion decreased with increasing pH. 相似文献
15.
EFFECT OF SULPHATE-REDUCING BACTERIA ON ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 16Mn STEEL IN SEA MUD
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｗａｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｉｎｓｅａｍｕｄｗａｓｎｏｔｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ.Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｉｔｗａｓｌａｔｅｒｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒａｔｅｏｆｓｔｅｅｌｉｎｓｏｍｅｓｅａｍｕｄｗａｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｉｎｓｅａｗａｔｅｒ(Ｋｉｎｇ,1980;Ｓｅｈｍｉｄｅ,1982;Ｇｕｏｅｔａｌ.,1997;Ｈｏｕ,1998).Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｏｍｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒ… 相似文献
16.
艾孺彬 《地球科学与环境学报》1998,20(4):59
针对某机务段２４０Ｂ型柴油机机破事故中的破损件连杆及连杆螺栓进行解剖,通过断口电镜分析、金相分析、化学成分及机械性能试验得出,机破是由于曲轴连杆颈碾瓦后,连杆大头端颈面出现裂纹导致疲劳断裂造成的。 相似文献
17.
The high strength low-alloy steels are welded by underwater wet welding with stainless steel electrodes. The micro-structural and electrochemical corrosion study of base metal (BM), weld zone (WZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) are carried out to understand the influence of the corrosion product layer generated on the high strength low-alloy steels welded by underwater wet welding with stainless steel electrodes, methods used including, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that the WZ acts as a cathode and there is no corrosion product on it throughout the immersion period in seawater. The HAZ and BM acts as anodes. The corrosion rates of the HAZ and BM change with the immersion time increasing. In the initial immersion period, the HAZ has the highest corrosion rate because it has a coarse tempered martensite structure and the BM exhibites a microstructure with very fine grains of ferrite and pearlite. After a period of immersion, the BM has the highest corrosion rate. The reason is that the corrosion product layer on the HAZ is dense and has a better protective property while that on the BM is loose and can not inhibit the diffusion of oxygen. 相似文献
18.
岩溶裂隙网络的识别与重构,一直是岩溶地下水资源和岩溶区地质环境保护研究的热点与难点。基于地表原始裂隙数据、经过克里格插值后的地表裂隙数据、以及通过蒙特卡洛预测得到的地下裂隙数据,本文针对三维裂隙构造中的水流通路识别模块,提出了一种基于圆盘模型的渗流路径构建方法,采用有向图的数据结构来模拟圆盘模型概化后水流沿裂隙的渗流路径,并以邻接矩阵的形式存储其渗流路径数据。同时,为满足大规模裂隙数据快速求交的需要,本文给出了三维R树索引算法缩减遍历各个采样点所用的时间,提高了整套算法运行的效率。最后,以北京市房山区张坊地区地表采样裂隙数据为基础,借助遥感地质调查、重点岩溶区精细地质测量及取样分析等手段,开展三维裂隙空间网络分布模型研究,对岩溶裂隙渗流路径构建算法进行计算机仿真实现,为张坊地区岩溶发育机理的研究及岩溶水裂隙数值模拟提供可视化的分析手段。 相似文献
19.
Under the effect of chemical etching, the macroscopic mechanical properties, mesoscopic structure, mineral content, and porosity of rocks undergo significant changes, which can lead to the geological disasters; thus, an understanding of changes in the microscopic and macroscopic structure of rocks after chemical etching is crucial. In this study, uniaxial mechanical tests and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were carried out on sandstone samples that had been previously subjected to chemical erosion under different pH values. The aim was to study changes in properties and mechanical characteristics, including deformation and strength characteristics, of the rock, and microscopic pore variation characteristics, and to perform preliminary studies of the chemical corrosion mechanism. Results show that different chemical solutions have a significant influence on the uniaxial compressive strength, the axial strain corresponding to the peak axial stress, elastic modulus, etc. With the passage of time, porosity increases gradually with exposure to different chemical solutions, and exposure to chemical solutions results in large changes in the NMR T2 curve and T2 spectrum area. Sandstone exposed to different chemical solutions exhibits different corrosion mechanisms; the root cause is the change of mineral. 相似文献
20.
Fracture system plays a very important role in the enrichment and accumulation of oil and gas in the reservoirs. Based on scattering wave information,Fracture Orientation Function( FOF) was built,which can be used to predict the fracture orientations. However,this method has only been verified by physical experiments without studies on the application scope. In this study,based on the linear sliding theory,FOF of the scattering wave was applied to the numerical simulation and the application scope was further studied according to fracture flexibility tensor. According to the fractures filled with gas and liquid,numerical simulation was conducted on the models with various fracture flexibilities. Numerical simulation results were used to inverse fracture orientation with the aid of the FOF of the scattering wave. The results show that it is workable to predict the vertical fracture orientation with the FOF of the scattering wave. Application of this method is more effective when the fractures are filled with gas than liquid. Moreover,the application scope can be predicted by the fracture flexibility. 相似文献