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1.
用随机区组试验方法,比较四种不同的选育群体团头鲂的后代和一个对照群体团头鲂的生长性能。结果表明：在同一环境条件下,远交群体比近郊群体生长优势明显;亲本年龄大（３足龄）的群体后代生长性能优于亲本年龄小（２足龄）的群体后代;对照组群体团头鲂与近交群体后代生长性能相当。  相似文献   

2.
马氏珠母贝黄壳色选育系G_1遗传结构的ISSR分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
挑选11个黄壳色的马氏珠母贝养殖个体为亲本繁殖子代群体,并随机选取50个体为亲本,建立对照群体。采用ISSR分子标记对马氏珠母贝黄壳色群体和对照群体的遗传结构差异进行分析。结果表明,黄壳色和对照群体的遗传多样性分别为0.358 7和0.373 3,多态位点比例分别为86.89%和90.16%;群体间遗传分化系数为3.75%。可见,经过一代选择后,黄壳色群体遗传结构指标略低于对照群体,但两个群体未发生明显分化。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】研究大棚结构式池塘培育的美洲鲥初次性成熟亲本的生长特性。【方法】2016年7月12日至2017年4月20日测量408～690日龄美洲鲥雌雄亲本的体长、体质量、性腺质量,统计分析不同生长阶段的体长、体质量及肥满度。【结果与结论】美洲鲥初次性成熟时,雌雄亲本的体长L与体质量m关系均呈幂函数增长相关,雌雄方程分别为m=0.015 8 L 3.000 2(n=77,R2=0.961 6,P 0.01),m=0. 008 7 L 3.185 0(n=62,R2=0.980 2,P 0.01),幂指数接近于3,均呈等速生长;雌雄亲本肥满度随生长均无显著性变化(P0.05),雌雄鱼肥满度最高值分别出现在617、601日龄;雌鱼个体略大于雄鱼;雌雄亲本生长均可分为稳定生长期和滞长期;雌雄亲本的体长、体质量生长曲线均为有拐点(tr)不对称S型三次函数曲线,雌雄体长方程分别为Lt=-1.176 3×10-6 t 3+1.848 7×10-3 t 2–0.905 733 t+163.714,Lt=-1.288 7×10-6 t 3+2.022 1×10-3 t 2–0.990 363 t+176.202,体质量方程分别为mt=-8.127 66×10-5 t 3+0.131 311 t 2–67.850 8 t+11 535.128,mt=-6.924 07×10-5 t 3+0.111 565 t 2–57.101 9 t+9 580.315(n=9,R20.95,P 0.01),雌雄亲本体长生长拐点分别位于524、523日龄,体质量生长拐点分别位于539、537日龄,生长速度拐点前较快,拐点后明显下降。雌雄亲本分别在430日龄前和421日龄前,体质量生长速度出现负值;在617日龄后,雌雄亲本因性腺发育出现生长滞缓甚至微弱的负生长。  相似文献   

4.
加氯水体有机浓集物对团头鲂血液指标的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文对团头鲂２项血液学指标（红细胞数ＲＢＣ和血红蛋白量Ｈｂ）的正常值进行了研究,同时检测了加氯水体中有机浓集物对这２项指标的影响。结果表明,团头鲂血液中ＲＢＣ和Ｈｂ的正常值受生长和水温等因素影响;在相同的试验条件下,加氯水体中的有机浓集物对团头鲂血液ＲＢＣ和Ｈｂ有抑制作用,抑制率分别为４．３％～２６．０％和５．０％～２２．５％,表明此类物质对鱼类正常的生长代谢有一定的危害。  相似文献   

5.
研究网箱养殖1、2、3龄唇鱼骨的生长性能,并结合唇鱼骨生长数据,应用Logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy生长模型拟合其生长曲线。结果表明:1、2、3龄唇鱼骨的特定生长率随年龄的增长而逐渐下降,1龄鱼特定生长率最高,为4.56%/d,其次为2龄鱼,为2.05%/d,3龄鱼最低,为0.93%/d;随年龄的增长,唇鱼骨的肥满度也逐渐增加,1、2和3龄鱼肥满度依次为0.015、0.016、0.018 g/cm3;1和2龄鱼饵料系数相近,分别为1.44和1.31,均低于3龄鱼饵料系数1.88;不同月龄唇鱼骨的体质量和体长均随月龄的增加而呈指数函数增长。3种生长方程拟合结果表明,von Bertalanffy生长模型的拟合度最高,可较好表达网箱养殖唇鱼骨的生长过程及变化规律。  相似文献   

6.
从大亚湾野生群体选择亲本繁育1个养殖群体,受精第6天、23天与80天分别进行优选,按50%选留比率选留快生长个体,分别在受精后第3天、30天120天取样,利用8对SSR标记分析养殖群体遗传多样性与估计有效亲本数量。结果表明,在3个生长阶段每个位点的平均等位基因数分别为3.750、3.875和3.625,平均观察杂合度分别为0.324 2、0.527 3和0.372 4,平均期望杂合度分别为0.551 1、0.561 3和0.504 8。有效亲本数量的估计分别为38、28和30,3个生长阶段估算的有效亲本数量均比实际所用到的亲本数量少。选优管养措施导致养殖群体的遗传多样性与有效亲本数量降低。  相似文献   

7.
选取1 日龄乌鬃鹅300 只,随机分成5 组,对照组（A）用基础饲粮饲养,实验组B～E 组分别在基础饲粮中添加质量分数1%（B 组）、2%（C 组）、3%（D 组）、4%（E 组）的螺旋藻,实验期63 d.结果表明：与对照组相比,添加螺旋藻对乌鬃鹅的屠宰率、半净膛率、腹脂率和肌肉灰分无显著影响（P〉0.05）,对其它生长指标和全净膛率均有显著性影响（P〈0.05）,其中2%C 组和3% D 组的料重比显著下降（P〈0.05）, E 组全净膛率显著提高（P〈0.05）;肌肉的粗蛋白质（CP）含量E〉D〉C〉B〉A,粗脂肪（EE）含量E〉A〉B〉C〉D;所测得的17 种氨基酸中,包括含有人体必需的7 种氨基酸（EAA）和2 种半必需氨基酸（HEAA）;氨基酸评分（AAS）和化学评分（CS）最高的是赖氨酸（Lys）,实验组的必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）均比对照组有所提高.添加2%～3%（w）的螺旋藻对生长性能有显著差异（P〈0.05）,对粗脂肪、粗蛋白的含量有所改善;从肌肉EAAI 来看,添加螺旋藻后的肌肉蛋白质品质优于不添加螺旋藻的对照组.建议饲粮中螺旋藻的添加量为质量分数2%.  相似文献   

8.
采用胸鳍覆盖处的体表鳞片为研究勒笛绸年龄的鉴定材料，判断年轮的依据是以环片切割现象为主，结合环片排列的疏密现象。鳞径（Ｒ）与体长（Ｌ）的关系为Ｌ＝１９．８１５９＋６３．３６９６Ｒ。用ＶｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ生长方程可表达体长、体重与年龄的关系为Ｌ＝４６９．８［１－ｅ－０．２４２５（ｔ＋０．３７６２）］、Ｗｔ＝３３６６．６［１－ｅ－０．２４２　５（ｔ＋０．３７６　２）］３，生长拐点ｔｒ＝４．１５ａ。作为渔业管理对策，勒氏笛鲷捕捞年龄应定在４龄以上，人工养殖年限以２～３龄最好。  相似文献   

9.
采用群体选择和家系选择相结合的方法,收集有代表性的优良群体103个,经过2代的群体选育,保留5个基础群体进行家系选育,育出全同胞家系180个,半同胞家系60个,选留其中的35个家系作为下一代的亲本,选育的D2家系生长速度与进口F1代相接近,养殖有效积温2 000℃时体重分别为26.17 g和26.47 g,抗WSSV能力较进口F1代强,感染WSSV 5 d死亡率分别为53.57%和72.73%。提出用等同的有效积温的体重来比较不同家系的生长,用生长速度、存活率和个体均匀度作为家系选育的指标。  相似文献   

10.
对600尾菊黄东方[鱼屯]（Takfugu flavidus） 1龄幼鱼在池塘养殖条件下的生长特性进行研究。结果表明;菊 黄东方[鱼屯]67日龄幼鱼经过127d的培育后,体长从（ 3.53±0.73）cm增至（ 10.33±0.98） cm,日均增长0.054 cm, 体长增长率193.14%;体质量从（2.41± 1.60）g增至（ 54.39±13.62 ） g,日均增重0.413 g,体质量增长率2135.8%, 体质量与体长呈幕函数关系,关系式为：W=0.0448L30570 （R2=0.9922）, b值接近于3,属等速生长型。体长 （l）与日龄（t）表现为线性相关：l= 0.0585t ＋ 3.7811 （R2= 0.9621 ）,体质量（w）与日龄（t）表现为指数相 关：w=3.3211e00286t （R2=0.9363）。  相似文献   

11.
Starving and re-feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of starvation duration and recovery times on the growth performance and physiological characteristics of juvenile tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, which included growth, body composition, intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes activities. The fish starved for one (D1), two (D2) and four (D4) days, respectively, were recovered for three (R3, R6, R12), seven (R7, R14, R28) and eleven (R11, R22, R44) folds of starvation days while the control fish were fed constantly. The experiment was conducted for 96 days. The fish individuals in D1R11, D2R14 and D2R22 caught up in weight with the control, indicating that complete compensatory growth existed in these fish individuals. The highest body weight gain and total specific growth rates were observed in D2R22. Food intake increased significantly in most treatments in comparison with that of the control except for D1R7 and D2R22 (P < 0.05). Food conversion efficiency and apparent digest coefficient in D2R22 were significantly promoted, being higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). The activities of trypsin and lipase were found to be closely related to the growth performance. The activities of liver and hindgut trypsin, also midgut and hindgut lipase in D2R22 were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05). The fold height (HF) of foregut and midgut increased significantly in D2R22, and HF decreased significantly in D1R3, D2R6 and D4R12 (P < 0.05). On our findings, we may conclude that the optimum starving and re-feeding strategy is starving for 2 days and re-feeding for 22 days. And in this starving and re-feeding strategy, the compensatory growth could be mostly attributed to the promotion of food conversion efficiency and digestibility coefficiency.  相似文献   

12.
Starving and re-feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of starvation duration and recovery times on the growth performance and physiological characteristics of juvenile tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, which included growth, body composition, intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes activities. The fish starved for one(D1), two(D2) and four(D4) days, respectively, were recovered for three(R3, R6, R12), seven(R7, R14, R28) and eleven(R11, R22, R44) folds of starvation days while the control fish were fed constantly. The experiment was conducted for 96 days. The fish individuals in D1R11, D2R14 and D2R22 caught up in weight with the control, indicating that complete compensatory growth existed in these fish individuals. The highest body weight gain and total specific growth rates were observed in D2R22. Food intake increased significantly in most treatments in comparison with that of the control except for D1R7 and D2R22(P 0.05). Food conversion efficiency and apparent digest coefficient in D2R22 were significantly promoted, being higher than that of the control(P 0.05). The activities of trypsin and lipase were found to be closely related to the growth performance. The activities of liver and hindgut trypsin, also midgut and hindgut lipase in D2R22 were significantly higher than those of the control(P 0.05). The fold height(HF) of foregut and midgut increased significantly in D2R22, and HF decreased significantly in D1R3, D2R6 and D4R12(P 0.05). On our findings, we may conclude that the optimum starving and re-feeding strategy is starving for 2 days and re-feeding for 22 days. And in this starving and re-feeding strategy, the compensatory growth could be mostly attributed to the promotion of food conversion efficiency and digestibility coefficiency.  相似文献   

13.
We investigated the effects of low temperature (8.5°C) on the growth and feeding rates and feed conversion efficiency of juvenile P. olivaceus with an average initial weight of 3.87 ± 0.06 g (mean ± SE). Fish were exposed to 8.5°C for 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, and then to 20°C for 10, 9, 8, 7 and 6 weeks, respectively. Low temperature clearly led to growth depression. The weight of fish exposed to low temperature for 1 week was restored to that of control, while that of fish exposed to low temperature longer was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). During the entire low-temperature period, specific growth rate, feeding rate and feed conversion efficiency of the fish were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of control, while in the whole recovery period, specific growth and average feeding rate were markedly higher (P < 0.05) than those of control. At the end of experiment, only the feeding rate of the fish exposed to low temperature for 1 week was not significantly different from that of control (P > 0.05). Feeding rate and feed conversion efficiency were reduced at low temperature in juvenile P. olivaceus. The compensatory growth of juvenile P. olivaceus may therefore be attributed to the improvement of feeding rate. Our results suggested that growth depression occurs when juvenile P. olivaceus are exposed to low temperature for more than one week.  相似文献   

14.
In present study, the inbreeding depression (ID) of growth and survival of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was investigated at larval and juvenile stages. Nine inbred families (A 2, B 2, C 2, D 2, E 2, F 2, G 2, H 2 and I 2) were established by mating within nine full-sib families with expected inbreeding coefficient of 0.25. Inbred families showed significant differences in shell length and hatching rate of D-larvae (straight-hinged larvae). The larvae of the nine inbred families grew slower than those of control group (CG), and their ID value ranged from 0.81% ± 6.09% to 16.10% ± 1.49%. The ID value of larval survival rate varied between 27.47% ± 9.36% and 70.50% ± 13.66%. The ID was also detected for juvenile growth in A 2, B 2, C 2, and D 2, which ranged from 4.60 ± 2.21 to 17.71 ± 7.73. The A 2 family maintained the highest juvenile survival rate, whereas the other inbred families exhibited ID values varying between 62.79% ± 4.54% and 96.14% ± 0.87%. The linear relationship of estimated ID between growth and survival was negatively correlated (R = ?0.434, P < 0.05). The results of this study suggested that the ID of growth was common at the larval stage but was less prevalent at juvenile stage. In contrast, the ID of survival increased from larval to juvenile stage. A better understanding of the effect of inbreeding may aid to selective breeding of Manila clam.  相似文献   

15.
研究在(27.0±1)℃条件下,奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)幼鱼[初始体重为(2.49±0.31)g]短暂饥饿处理后再投喂的补偿生长。结果显示:在恢复生长时期,饥饿3、6、9和12d处理组的特定增长率和摄食率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各处理组的饲料转化率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活力变化趋势相同,均随先饥饿再饱食的顺序先下降后上升,而淀粉酶活力变化趋势不明显;恢复投喂后,各组奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的消化酶活性均恢复到对照组水平。表明饥饿3d组的奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼在恢复生长中具有超补偿能力,饥饿6d组幼鱼具有完全补偿能力,饥饿9和12d组幼鱼具有部分补偿能力。奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼短暂饥饿后出现的补偿生长效应主要通过增加食欲、提高摄食率实现。  相似文献   

16.
随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市热岛难显缓解之势,有关土地利用/覆盖类型、城市规模、城市形态对城市热岛的影响已有较多研究,尚缺少气候背景对我国城市昼夜地表热岛强度的影响研究。本文通过长时序的MODIS地表温度数据,从年均、季节和昼夜3个时间尺度,从全国、气候带、城市3个空间尺度探讨了我国347个城市昼夜地表热岛强度的空间分布特征以及时间变化规律。结果表明：① 昼夜差异：我国城市年均地表热岛强度白天（1.25±0.81 ℃）高于夜晚（0.79±0.43 ℃）;② 季节差异：昼夜地表热岛强度在不同季节表现不同,白天表现为夏季高,冬季弱,夜晚四个季节差异不大;③ 气候带差异：昼夜地表热岛强度分布呈现明显的空间分异。白天地表热岛强度表现为热带及亚热带地区高于温带及高原地区,其中南亚热带表现为最强,高原气候区最弱;夜晚则表现为温带高于亚热带、热带及高原地区,其中中温带最强,北亚热带最弱;④ 时空变化：白天地表热岛强度年际呈非显著下降趋势（|Z|<1.96）,而夜晚呈显著上升趋势（|Z|>1.96）;昼夜地表热岛强度年际变化存在季节差异,白天地表热岛强度夏季上升趋势显著高于其他季节,夜晚四个季节都呈显著上升趋势,其中冬季地表热岛强度上升趋势最大;白天呈显著上升趋势的城市主要分布在热带及南亚热带地区,夜晚呈显著上升趋势的城市广泛分布在中温带和暖温带。  相似文献   

17.
The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is natively distributed along the Pacific coast of Asia, where it is one of the most important bivalve species for local fisheries. This species has been intentionally introduced due to its high adaptability to various coastal environments and is currently widely cultivated in Europe and North America. We have initiated a selective breeding program to improve the growth rate of the Manila clam since 2007, and a full-sib family with orange shell color was selected. This family features high survival but slow growth. Thereafter, two generations of mass selection were conducted in this family by 10% upward selection for faster growth. In 2011, three types of lines were produced by selecting the breeder from the second-generation of selected lines. These lines are SS(subject to three generations of selection for growth in shell length), SC(selected for the second but not the third generation), and C(randomly sampled individuals from the national population). The genetic parameters of the shell length including hR2(realized heritability), SR(selection response), and GG(genetic gain) were analyzed. Results showed that the shell length of the SS line was significantly larger than those of the SC and C lines at all developmental stages(P 0.05). For the larval stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.42, 0.73, and 6.66, respectively. For the juvenile stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.40, 0.69, 21.76, respectively. For grow-out stage, the values of hR2, SR, and GG were 0.48, 0.83, and 18.22, respectively. The results of hR2 indicated the good potential of the SS line in selective breeding. The level of GG improvement was encouraging and consistent with the previous expectations. No inbreeding depressions in the shell length were observed in the SS and SC lines at all sampling days. All of the results indicate that maintaining selection pressure in successive generations may be effective in the selective breeding program of this family.  相似文献   

18.
Optimal stocking densities were investigated for the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka under feed-supplement and non-feed-supplement regimes in net enclosures for 333 d. Substantial weight loss occurred during the aestivation phase (AE). Decreased growth rates were also observed during the winter phase (WT). In contrast, sea cucumbers showed rapid growth during the spring (SP) and autumn (AU) phases. Feeding regimes considerably influenced the growth performance, i.e., sea cucumbers grew faster under feed-supplement regime than under non-feed-supplement regime (P < 0.05). The average survival rates of sea cucumbers under feed-supplement regime were higher than those under non-feed-supplement regime for both the autumn phase and spring phase, but the differences were only significant for the latter phase (P < 0.05). The fitted B-N curves showed that the optimal stocking densities, in terms of net production, were 22.3 ind. m-2 for feed-supplement regime and 14.1 ind. m-2 for non-feed-supplement regime.  相似文献   

19.
A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio(CHO:LIP) on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus(initial body weight 8.75 g ± 0.04 g). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic low protein level(39%) diets were formulated with increasing ratios of dietary carbohydrate to lipid(2:18, 6:18, 18:12 and 28:6). A high protein level(50%) diet with the 2:12 ratio of carbohydrate to lipid was used as the control. Results showed that the survival rate, contents of moisture, crude protein and ash in muscle were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. With the dietary CHO:LIP ratio increased from 2:18 to 18:12, weight gain rate significantly increased(P < 0.05). Higher dietary CHO:LIP ratio(28:6) resulted in the significantly decreased weight gain rate(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, this treatment also resulted in the highest daily feed intake and liver glycogen content, as well as the lowest feed efficiency(P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen content in fish fed the diet with 2:12 or 2:18 CHO:LIP ratio was significantly lower than those fed with the other three diets(P < 0.05). The present results confirmed that the juvenile turbot can utilize carbohydrate. Furthermore, the appropriate ratio of dietary carbohydrate to lipid was important to the growth and feed utilization of turbot. The proper CHO:LIP ratio based on the growth performance in the present study was determined to be 18:12 when the dietary protein level was 39%.  相似文献   

20.
Optimal stocking densities were investigated for the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka under feed-supplement and non-feed-supplement regimes in net enclosures for 333 d. Substantial weight loss occurred during the aestivation phase (AE).Decreased growth rates were also observed during the winter phase (WT). In contrast, sea cucumbers showed rapid growth during the spring (SP) and autumn (AU) phases. Feeding regimes considerably influenced the growth performance, i.e., sea cucumbers grew faster under feed-supplement regime than under non-feed-supplement regime (P< 0.05). The average survival rates of sea cucumbers under feed-supplement regime were higher than those under non-feed-supplement regime for both the autumn phase and spring phase,but the differences were only significant for the latter phase (P<0.05). The fitted B-N curves showed that the optimal stocking densities, in terms of net production, were 22.3 ind. m-2 for feed-supplement regime and 14.1 ind. m-2 for non-feed-supplement regime.  相似文献   

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