共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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近来我们在射电脉冲星的逆康普顿散射模型,致密星物理以及一些相关问题上做了下列几项工作：１） 对脉冲星物理中的一系列基本理论进行了较深入的研究,包括对裸奇异星比中子星更可能是射电脉冲星之起源的观点的论证。２） 进一步发展了射电脉冲星的逆康普顿散射（ＩＣＳ） 模型并完成了一系列相关工作。３） 进行了脉冲星的偏振分析和有关观测工作,并用其结果对银河系磁场和旋臂结构进行了分析。４） 研究了黑洞脉冲星双星系统的一些特性,为黑洞的搜寻工作作了初步准备。 相似文献
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射电偏振观测是研究星际介质性质的有力工具.一方面偏振巡天可以直接指示大尺度磁场的取向,有助于我们理解银河系的大尺度磁场结构和超新星遗迹的演化及其与星际介质的相互作用.另一方面通过结合其他波段偏振数据可以分析星际介质以及偏振源超新星遗迹里面的法拉第旋转,从而得到里面热电子密度、填充因子、规则磁场强度和扰动磁场的性质.之前的偏振巡天主要是在低频波段进行,受法拉第效应的影响很严重,探测到偏振辐射的距离(偏振视界)很近.在6 cm波段,偏振观测受法拉第效应影响很小,我们能够探测到更远的偏振辐射,更好地研究银河系星际介质整体的性质.通过对天区内法拉第屏的研究,可以揭示银河系同步辐射的空间分布以及这些屏本身的物理性质;另外6 cm波段的总强度数据是研究弥漫结构或者大尺度超新星遗迹(其它的大望远镜很难观测到这样大的超新星遗迹)在高频波段谱偏折行为的重要数据,这可以帮助我们理解银河系相对论电子能量分布、盘和晕的相互作用以及大尺度超新星遗迹晚期的演化. 相似文献
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邻近旋涡星系中观测到的磁场被理论学家解释为发电机作用的结果，而我们发现，在邻近的星系中，磁的强度与中性氢的柱密度紧密相关，星系盘中的磁场处于磁重平衡状态。这一结果与发电机放大机制相悖，从而支持星系磁场是原初起源的假说。 相似文献
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对活动星系核中的喷流加速机制、观测特征有目前研究近况进行了评述。磁场在喷流加速过程中起重要作用，对磁场加速喷流模型中喷流加速区域的大小进行了估计。比较了不同的磁场加速喷流模型，并讨论了有序吸积盘磁场的形成与维持过程。简要地评述了活动星系核中吸积盘与喷流存在内在联系的观测证据，及中央黑洞与活动星系核的射电辐射特征的关系。 相似文献
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邻近旋涡星系中观测到的磁场被理论学家解释为发电机作用的结果.而我们发现,在邻近的星系中,磁场的强度与中性氢的柱密度紧密相关.星系盘中的磁场处于磁重平衡状态.这一结果与发电机放大机制相悖,从而支持星系磁场是原初起源的假说. 相似文献
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从星系形成和演化的角度出发，对星系结构和动力学进行的粗略的评述，内容包括：（1）初步描述了星系中各主要成分的物理特征（空间分布，运行学和化学）及其形成和演化，（2）Damped Lyman-alpha systems(DLAs)是本地星系的化石，对其进行观测研究是HST的主要任务之一，对DLAs宽的谱线轮廓的物理机制和其恒星形成，化学演化进行了讨论，（3）目前已证明Lyman Break方法是发现高红移高恒星形成星系的有效手段，讨论了Lyman Break Galaxies的动力学过程和恒星形象，（4）旋涡星系和椭圆星系的Scaling Law是星系形成和演化所必须解释的问题，对近期该方面的研究结果作了介绍，（5）整体超星的反馈作用在星系形成和演化中起了重要作用，评述了该物理过程对星系演化的影响；（6）随着观测资料的不断积累，各种物体对河外背景辐射的贡献已成了一个重要的研究方向，讨论了宇宙整体的星形成历史和化学演化，（7）银河系是进行星系形成和演化研究的归算零点，介绍了银河系的结构，动力学及演化。 相似文献
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近年来,对日益增加的脉冲星观测资料的分析和对毫秒脉冲星、射电和X射线脉冲双星的观测,对脉冲星的形成、演化和辐射机制等提出了越来越多的新问题。本文对这些新问题的观测依据进行了介绍。主要涉及下述几方面的问题:是否存在着在结构、形成和演化上均不相同的两类脉冲星?脉冲星是否有两种或两种以上的辐射机制在同时起作用?脉冲星射电辐射中的两种相互垂直的偏振模式,以及近年来在毫秒脉冲星、射电和X射线脉冲双星的观测中所发现的新现象等。 相似文献
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观测到的偏振量与法拉第色散函数之间是傅里叶变换对,而法拉第色散函数反映了辐射区域和辐射传播途径的磁场结构。如何通过这一关系精确重构出法拉第色散函数对于研究银河系及河外星系磁场具有重要的作用。目前已提出了基于压缩感知的法拉第色散函数重构方法,模拟结果要优于传统方法,然而是否具有实用性仍然未知。主要探究该方法应用于实际观测频率范围时是否依然可行,并进行了大样本统计学实验。结果表明:重构结果受多种因素的影响,具有很大的随机性,对重构结果在峰值附近再次进行最小二乘拟合后,重构的法拉第深度更接近真实值。 相似文献
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Jin－LinHan RichardWielebinski 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2002,2(4):293-294
Magnetic fields are observed everywhere in the universe. In this review, we concentrate on the observational aspects of the magnetic fields of Galactic and extragalactic objects. Readers can follow the milestones in the observations of cosmic magnetic fields obtained from the most important tracers of magnetic fields, namely, the star-light polarization, the Zeeman effect, the rotation measures (RMs, hereafter) of extragalactic radio sources, the pulsar RMs, radio polarization observations, as well as the newly implemented sub-mm and mm polarization capabilities. The magnetic field of the Galaxy was first discovered in 1949 by optical polarization observations. The local magnetic fields within one or two kpc have been well delineated by starlight polarization data. The polarization observations of diffuse Galactic radio background emission in 1962 confirmed unequivocally the existence of a Galactic magnetic field. The bulk of the present information about the magnetic fields in the Galaxy comes from anal 相似文献
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It is believed that magnetic field lines are twisted and bend by turbulent motions in the Galaxy. Therefore, both Galactic synchrotron emission and thermal emission from dust reflects statistics of Galactic turbulence. Our simple model of Galactic turbulence, motivated by results of our simulations, predicts that Galactic disk and halo exhibit different angular power spectra. We show that observed angular spectra of synchrotron emission are compatible with our model. We also show that our model is compatible with the angular spectra of star-light polarization for the Galactic disk. Finally, we discuss how one can estimate polarized microwave emission from dust in the Galactic halo using star-light polarimetry. 相似文献
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D. R. Lorimer A. J. Faulkner A. G. Lyne R. N. Manchester M. Kramer M. A. McLaughlin G. Hobbs A. Possenti I. H. Stairs F. Camilo M. Burgay N. D'Amico A. Corongiu F. Crawford 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,372(2):777-800
We present the discovery and follow-up observations of 142 pulsars found in the Parkes 20-cm multibeam pulsar survey of the Galactic plane. These new discoveries bring the total number of pulsars found by the survey to 742. In addition to tabulating spin and astrometric parameters, along with pulse width and flux density information, we present orbital characteristics for 13 binary pulsars which form part of the new sample. Combining these results from another recent Parkes multibeam survey at high Galactic latitudes, we have a sample of 1008 normal pulsars which we use to carry out a determination of their Galactic distribution and birth rate. We infer a total Galactic population of 30 000 ± 1100 potentially detectable pulsars (i.e. those beaming towards us) having 1.4-GHz luminosities above 0.1 mJy kpc2 . Adopting the Tauris & Manchester beaming model, this translates to a total of 155 000 ± 6000 active radio pulsars in the Galaxy above this luminosity limit. Using a pulsar current analysis, we derive the birth rate of this population to be 1.4 ± 0.2 pulsars per century. An important conclusion from our work is that the inferred radial density function of pulsars depends strongly on the assumed distribution of free electrons in the Galaxy. As a result, any analyses using the most recent electron model of Cordes & Lazio predict a dearth of pulsars in the inner Galaxy. We show that this model can also bias the inferred pulsar scaleheight with respect to the Galactic plane. Combining our results with other Parkes multibeam surveys we find that the population is best described by an exponential distribution with a scaleheight of 330 pc. Surveys underway at Parkes and Arecibo are expected to improve the knowledge of the radial distribution outside the solar circle, and to discover several hundred new pulsars in the inner Galaxy. 相似文献
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J.L. Han 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,278(1-2):181-184
The large scale magnetic fields of our Galaxy have been mostly revealed by rotation measures (RMs) of pulsars and extragalactic radio sources. In the disk of our Galaxy, the average field strength over a few kpc scale
is about 1.8 μG, while the total field, including the random fields on smaller scales, has a strength of about 5 μG. The local
regular field, if it is part of the large scale field of a bisymmetric form, has a pitch angle of about -8°. There are at least three, and perhaps five, field reversals from the Norma arm to the outer skirt of our Galaxy.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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For pulsars in globular clusters, we suggest using observations of the relativistic time delay of their radiation in the gravitational field of a massive body (the Shapiro effect) located close to the line of sight to detect and identify invisible compact objects and to study the distribution of both visible and dark matter in globular clusters and different components of the Galaxy. We have derived the dependences of the event probability on the Galactic latitude and longitude of sources for two models of the mass distribution in the Galaxy: the “classical” Bahcall—Soneira model and the more recent Dehnen—Binney model. Using three globular clusters (M15, 47 Tuc, Terzan 5) as an example, we show that the ratios of the probability of the events due to the passages of massive Galactic objects close to the line of sight to the parameter f 2 for pulsars in the globular clusters 47 Tuc and M 15 are comparable to those for close passages of massive objects in the clusters themselves and are considerably higher than those for the cluster Terzan 5. We have estimated the rates of such events. We have determined the number of objects near the line of sight toward the pulsar that can produce a modulation of its pulse arrival times characteristic of the effect under consideration; the population of brown dwarfs in the Galactic disk, whose concentration is comparable to that of the disk stars, has been taken into account for the first time. 相似文献
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《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1981,5(2):147-151
Using the data of the 321 pulsars so far known the Galactic distribution and the luminosity function of pulsars have been investigated. The total number of pulsars in our Galaxy is found to be 9 × 104. If the mean age of pulsars is 1.8 × 106 years, the birth-rate of pulsars in the Galaxy will be one every 20 years. This rate is not in contradiction with the birth-rate of supernovae. 相似文献
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The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with (or without) a bar-like central structure. There is evidence that the distribution of suspected cosmic ray sources, such as supernova remnants, are associated with the spiral arm structure of galaxies. It is yet not clearly understood what effect such a cosmic ray source distribution has on the particle transport in our Galaxy. We investigate and measure how the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays is affected by a cosmic ray source distribution associated with spiral arm structures.We use the PICARD code to perform high-resolution 3D simulations of electrons and protons in galactic propagation scenarios that include four-arm and two-arm logarithmic spiral cosmic ray source distributions with and without a central bar structure as well as the spiral arm configuration of the NE2001 model for the distribution of free electrons in the Milky Way. Results of these simulation are compared to an axisymmetric radial source distribution. Also, effects on the cosmic ray flux and spectra due to different positions of the Earth relative to the spiral structure are studied.We find that high energy electrons are strongly confined to their sources and the obtained spectra largely depend on the Earth’s position relative to the spiral arms. Similar finding have been obtained for low energy protons and electrons albeit at smaller magnitude. We find that even fractional contributions of a spiral arm component to the total cosmic ray source distribution influences the spectra on the Earth. This is apparent when compared to an axisymmetric radial source distribution as well as with respect to the Earth’s position relative to the spiral arm structure. We demonstrate that the presence of a Galactic bar manifests itself as an overall excess of low energy electrons at the Earth.Using a spiral arm geometry as a cosmic ray source distributions offers a genuine new quality of modeling and is used to explain features in cosmic ray spectra at the Earth that are else-wise attributed to other propagation effects. We show that realistic cosmic ray propagation scenarios have to acknowledge non-axisymmetric source distributions. 相似文献
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Yu. N. Efremov 《Astronomy Letters》2009,35(8):507-517
The fragmentation of gaseous spiral arms in the outer Galaxy into superclouds has been studied using recently published data on the HI distribution in the Galactic disk. Regular chains of superclouds have been found or confirmed in the Cygnus (Outer) and Carina arms, with the spacings between the superclouds being concentrated near 0.1 and 0.2 of the solar Galactocentric distance. The star complexes in the northwestern arm of the galaxy M31 are spaced, on average, 1.2 kpc apart, with the most distinct chain of complexes being located in the arm region where Beck et al. (1989) detected a strong and wavy (along the arm) magnetic field. Its wavelength turns out to be related to the spacing between the complexes. In this arm, the HII regions lie inside the star complexes, which, in turn, are located inside the gas-dust lane. In contrast, the southwestern arm of M31 is split into a gas-dust lane and a dense stellar arm, which is not fragmented into star complexes. Here, the HII regions are located along the boundary between the gas-dust and stellar components of the arm; other evidence for the presence of a spiral shock wave triggering star formation is also observed, which is probably attributable to the large pitch angle of this segment of the southwestern arm. It may be suggested that the shock wave rapidly leads to star formation everywhere in this arm, while in the northwestern arm, where the shock wave is absent, star formation begins in the superclouds formed along the arm by the magneto-gravitational instability. This is how the chains of star complexes in the northwestern arm of M31 and, obviously, the chains of superclouds in the Carina and Cygnus arms of our Galaxy have been formed. The detection of a regularmagnetic field in the corresponding segments of these arms can be predicted. 相似文献
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The IceCube experiment has detected two neutrinos with energies between 1 and 10 PeV. They might have originated from Galactic or extragalactic sources of cosmic rays. In the present work we consider hadronic interactions of the diffuse very high energy cosmic rays with the interstellar matter within our Galaxy to explain the PeV neutrino events detected in IceCube. We also expect PeV gamma ray events along with the PeV neutrino events if the observed PeV neutrinos were produced within our Galaxy in hadronic interactions. PeV gamma rays are unlikely to reach us from sources outside our Galaxy due to pair production with cosmic background radiation fields. We suggest that in future with simultaneous detections of PeV gamma rays and neutrinos it would be possible to distinguish between Galactic and extragalactic origins of very high energy neutrinos. 相似文献