椒江口海域围填海强度及环境影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

钱健  陈立红  丰卫华  向芸芸  王志富 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(9):62-66

文章对近10年来椒江口两岸主要的围填海工程进行了统计,利用基于围填海强度等级控制理念的围填海潜力评估方法,对椒江口海域的围填海强度及围填海潜力进行了定量评估,并对其造成的环境影响进行了分析。分析结果显示,椒江口海域虽然仍有一定的围填海潜力,但围填海压力较大,椒江口大规模的围填海工程对海岸带地形地貌、海域水文动力环境、滨海湿地生态系统、海洋水环境质量、海洋生物资源等均存在负面影响,为此提出了强化围填海管控、重视海岸带整治修复等建议,以期为椒江口的围填海管控和生态环境保护提供参考。  相似文献   

光照、温度对黑鲷(♀)×真鲷(♂)杂交子代受精卵孵化效果的影响     

刘海林  张志勇  张志伟  许津  陈淑吟  贾超峰  祝斐  孟乾 《海洋科学》2018,42(5):108-115

为了研究不同光照强度、温度对黑鲷(Acantho pagrusschlegelii)(♀)×真鲷(Pagrosomus major)(♂)杂交F1代受精卵孵化效果及仔鱼存活的影响,作者采用试验生态学的方法比较不同温度(16、18、20、22、24、26℃)下杂交鲷受精卵的孵化率、畸形率、孵化时间、7日龄仔鱼的存活率;比较不同光照强度下(10、100、300、800、1500、4 000、10 000 lx)受精卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化时间;比较不同光照强度下(200、1 000、2 000、5 000、10 000、15 000、20 000 lx)7日龄仔鱼的存活率。结果表明:在盐度为22条件下,受精卵最高孵化率(34.00%)和最低畸形率(16.65%)的孵化温度为20℃;在16～26℃范围内,温度与孵化时间呈负相关,与7日龄仔鱼存活率也呈负相关。不同的光照强度对受精卵孵化率和孵化时间的影响不显著,孵化率为65.88%～71.88%;但大于800lx的光照会令畸形率上升(大于15.21%);另外,5000～10000lx的光照强度更适宜仔鱼生存,7日龄仔鱼存活率达到38%～40.75%。黑鲷(♀)×真鲷(♂)杂交子代最佳孵化温度为20℃,最适光照强度为5 000～10 000 lx。  相似文献   

基于连续帧间差分的抛弃式探头三维下沉运动处理方法研究     

陈振涛  刘凤  王晓蕾  罗文 《海洋技术学报》2018,(2):7-12

抛弃式探头由无人机装载,能够在较远目标区域和危险海域开展海洋水文环境剖面参数的测量。通过安装不同传感器,可以实现对温度、盐度的剖面测量,其深度的测量采用数学方法计算得到。针对双摄像机水箱实验获得的5个不同攻角实验结果,分析了常用的运动目标的检测方法,最终选择基于连续帧间差分法,确定探头的三维坐标位置,进而得到探头下沉运动的三维运动轨迹和速度曲线等信息。探头从水面释放后攻角在下沉过程中不断调整,改变运动姿态,同时伴随自身的旋转,抵消水平方向阻力作用,初始攻角产生的深度测量误差主要体现在加速过程,探头达到匀速运动后测量误差不变,在不考虑横流的情况下,探头最后以匀速垂直下落运动。  相似文献   

南海蜑螺科一新记录属和一新记录种记述 (软体动物门:腹足纲:珍珠蜑螺目)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈志云  张均龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):209-211

作者在整理中国科学院海洋生物标本馆馆藏蜑螺科Neritidae标本时，鉴定出产自海南三亚的一新记录属饰纹蜑螺属Vittina Baker，1924和一新记录种：裂蜑螺Vittina pennata（von Born，1778）。文中详细描述了本种的贝壳形态特征，查明了其生活习性和地理分布特点，并与相似种进行了比较和总结。  相似文献   

基于VSD模型的铁山港湾红树林生态系统脆弱性初步评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李小维  黄子眉  陈剑锋  王欣  韦江玲 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(2):47-54

基于脆弱性域图 (vulnerability scoping diagram, VSD)评价模型, 从暴露程度、敏感性、适应能力3个方面构建了红树林生态系统脆弱性评价指标体系。采用改进的综合指数法和模糊综合评价法, 重新定义脆弱性分级标准, 定量评价了铁山港湾红树林生态系统在1989年、2003年和2014年3个年份的脆弱性水平。结果显示, 铁山港湾红树林生态系统在3个年份的脆弱性水平值分别为0.145、0.255、0.334, 呈现增加趋势。首先, 铁山港湾红树林生态系统面临的暴露程度不断增大, 主要胁迫因子为滩涂围垦面积、废水排放量; 其次, 生态系统的敏感性增强, 主要敏感因子是海洋生物质量综合指数、底栖生物和潮间带生物多样性指数; 第三, 生态系统的适应能力略有增加, 总体上较弱。  相似文献   

印度尼西亚北苏拉威西蓝碧海峡浮游动物种类组成及分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王彦国  陈小银  邢炳鹏  孙柔鑫  FITRIA Nurul  项鹏  王春光  林茂 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(12):35-44

Based on oceanographic survey data in June 2012 in the Lembeh Strait, the zooplankton ecological characteristics such as species composition, individual abundance, dominant species and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that 183 species(including 4 sp.) had been recognized, most of them belonged to copepoda.Cnidaria followed with 43 species(including 1 sp.) were identified. The average abundance of zooplankton was(150.47±58.91) ind./m~3. As to the horizontal distribution, the abundance of the zooplankton was higher in the southern waters than in the northern waters. The dominant species in the study area were Lensia subtiloides,Sagitta enflata, Lucifer intermedius, Oikopleura rufescens, Diphyes chamissoni, Creseis acicula, Subeucalanus subcrassus, Temora discaudata, Aglaura hemistoma, Doliolum denticulatum, Canthocalanus pauper, Oikopleura longicauda and Nanomia bijuga. Zooplankton biodiversity indexes were higher in study area than previous study in the other regions. The findings from this study provide important baseline information for future research and monitoring programs.  相似文献   

基于UDF的水平轴潮流能水轮机被动旋转水动力性能研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈文鹏  刘胤超  陈立卫 《海洋工程》2018,36(2):119-126

针对水平轴潮流能水轮机被动旋转问题,基于Fluent 17.0,运用UDF(User Defined Function)控制滑移网格对网格进行动态调整,仿真研究水轮机在不同安放角下被动旋转的水动力特性。通过仿真分析,结果表明:潮流能水轮机随着叶片安放角度的增加,尖速比、输出功率、捕能系数都是先增大后减小,叶片安放角为6°时,叶轮前后速度差最大,对潮流能利用充分,且各项性能均达到最佳;通过分析叶片受力,叶尖叶素在安放角为2°时阻力最大,3°时升力最大,升阻比在6°时最大,此时叶尖叶素升阻比C_L/C_D=6.27、攻角α=3.06°。由仿真结果可知水平轴潮流能叶轮的自启动过程由5个阶段组成,即加速度增大的加速运动段—加速度减小的加速运动段—加速度反向增大的减速运动段—加速度反向减小的减速运动段—稳定运行段,这对潮流能水轮机的设计具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

荣坤波  曾志刚  殷学博  陈帅  王晓媛  齐海燕  马瑶 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(9):67-81

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.  相似文献   

岛屿海岸线自动化提取及其时空变迁研究——以大连市獐子岛为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

丁小松  单秀娟  陈云龙  金显仕  杨涛 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):46-55

海岸带是受人类活动和全球海平面上升影响的敏感地带,海岸线的提取和监测是海岸带生态系统研究和社会管理的重要内容。本文在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下,以修正的归一化水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index,MNDWI)为基础,结合遥感影像处理和直方图均衡化等技术,实现了大连市獐子岛1985—2016年海岸线的自动化提取。结果表明:(1)通过与三位专家目视解译的成果比对,本文提取海岸线的精度能满足后续研究的要求(相对误差分别为0.045%,0.032%和0.023%);(2)近30年来,獐子岛海岸线总体呈现蚀退趋势,岸线长度与岛屿面积分别呈现变短和变小的趋势,獐子岛(主岛)和大耗岛的岸线蚀退速率最大,褡裢岛次之,小耗岛最小;在人类活动较为密集的区域,海岸线呈现出较为强烈的增长趋势,海水养殖和圈海建坝是岸线增长的主要驱动力;(3)獐子岛海岸线具有显著的分形性质,分形维数随时间呈现增大的趋势,獐子岛(主岛)的分形维数最大,褡裢岛的分形维数最小。  相似文献   

Enhanced a novel β-agarase production in recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) through induction mode optimization and glycerol feeding strategy     

CHAN Zhuhua  CHEN Xinglin  HOU Yanping  GAO Boliang  ZHAO Chungui  YANG Suping  ZENG Runying 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,(2)

Agarases are hydrolytic enzymes that act on the hydrolysis of agar and have a broad range of applications in food,cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a glycerol feeding strategy based on induction mode optimization for high cell density and β-agarase production was established, which could effectively control acetate yield. First, exponential feeding strategy of glycerol with different overall specific growth rates(μ) was applied in the pre-induction phase. The results showed that the low μ(μ=0.2) was suggested to be the optimal for cell growth and β-agarase production. Second, the effects of induction temperature and the inducer concentration on cell growth and β-agarase production were investigated in the post-induction phase. When induced by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside(IPTG), the strategy of 0.8 mmol/L IPTG induction at 20℃ was found to be optimal for β-agarase production. When cultivation was induced by continuous lactose feeding strategy of 1.0 g/(L·h), the β-agarase activity reached 112.5 U/mL, which represented the highest β-agarase production to date.Furthermore, the β-agarase was capable of degrading G. lemaneiformis powder directly to produce neoagarooligosaccharide, and the hydrolysates were neoagarotetraose(NA4) and neoagarohexaose(NA6). The overall research may be useful for the industrial production and application of β-agarase.  相似文献