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新疆塔县达布达尔地区二叠系神仙湾组位于塔阿西构造混杂岩带南侧,总体为一套深海复理石建造,主要以杂砂岩为主。源区岩石没有经过充分的搬运、分选,成熟度比较低。杂砂岩的稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集和Eu亏损明显的特征,与典型的后太古宙页岩和上地壳非常相似。微量元素含量也接近于大陆上地壳值,说明杂砂岩中的物源来自上地壳。沉积环境分析表明,杂砂岩母岩原岩为大量长英质火成物质和少量沉积物,其形成于深海厌氧环境。大地构造背景分析表明,杂砂岩物源区的构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼具活动大陆边缘的性质。结合区域地质构造背景,认为下-中二叠统神仙湾组为裂陷盆地沉积。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(2):134-158
Geochemical and petrological studies of the well-preserved greywacke horizon of the ‘Middle Aravalli Group’ were carried out to constrain the early evolution of the Aravalli basin. Petrological and geochemical attributes of Middle Aravalli greywackes (MAGs) such as very poor sorting, high angularity of framework grains, presence of fresh plagioclase and K-feldspars, variable Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) index (46.7–74.5, avg. 61), and high Index of Compositional Variability (ICV) value (~1.05) suggest rapid physical erosion accompanying an active tectonic regime. The sediments record post-depositional K-metasomatism and extraneous addition of 0–25% (avg. ~10%) K is indicated. Assuming close system behaviour of immobile elements during sedimentation, various diagnostic element ratios such as Th/Sc, La/Sc, Zr/Sc, and Co/Th, Eu anomaly and rare earth element patterns of MAG suggest that the Archaean Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC) basement was not the major source of sediments. In conjunction with the dominant 1.8–1.6 Ga detrital zircon age peaks of Middle Aravalli clastic rocks, these data rather indicate that the sediments were derived from a young differentiated continental margin-type arc of andesite–dacite–rhyodacite composition. A highly fractionated mid-oceanic-ridge-basalt-normalized trace element pattern of MAGs, with characteristic enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depletion of heavy rare earth elements, negative Nb-Ta, Ti and P anomalies, positive Pb anomaly, and distinctive Nb/Ta, Zr/Sm, Th/Yb, and Ta/Yb, Ce/Pb ratios envelop the composition of modern continental arc magmas (andesite–dacite) of the Andes, suggesting a subduction zone tectonic setting for precursor magma. High magnitude of LILE enrichment and high Th/Yb ratios in these sediments indicate that thick continental crust (~70 km) underlay the ‘Middle Aravalli’ continental arc, similar to the Central Volcanic Zone of the modern Andes. We propose that eastward subduction of Delwara oceanic crust beneath the BGC continent led to the formation of a continental volcanic arc, which supplied detritus to the forearc basin situated to the west. This model also explains the opening of linear ensialic basins in the Bhilwara terrain, such as in Rajpura–Dariba and Rampura–Agucha in a classical back-arc extension regime, similar to the Andean continental margin of the Mesozoic. On the basis of the recent 207Pb/206Pb detrital zircon age of Middle Aravalli sediment, a time frame between 1772 and 1586 Ma can be assigned for Middle Aravalli continental arc magmatism. 相似文献
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甘肃省景泰正路下志留统复理石杂砂岩沉积地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
位于北祁连造山带东段甘肃省景泰正路一带的下志留统肮脏沟组为一套巨厚的浊流相陆源碎屑岩,以杂砂岩为主,夹有板岩,属典型的浊流沉积。薄片的镜下观察结果表明,其粒度为0.05~4.00 mm,岩性为细粒-中、粗粒砂岩、含砾砂岩。对5块采集于复理石中的杂砂岩样品进行岩性组合判定和主要元素地球化学分析结果表明,w(SiO2)为61.83%~69.90%,w(K2O)/w(Na2O)为0.89~1.46。利用数据对比及w(K2O)/w(Na2O)—w(SiO2)等判别图的分析结果对其物源区的性质及沉积大地构造背景进行分析和判别的研究结果表明,北祁连造山带东段甘肃省景泰正路一带下志留统肮脏沟组的陆源碎屑主要来源于活动大陆边缘岩浆岛弧源区和造山带源区,反映了卷入造山带的岛弧、活动大陆边缘的弧后盆地的物源背景。沉积地球化学特征揭示的沉积大地构造背景为弧后前陆盆地背景,与碰撞后的大地构造背景相吻合。 相似文献
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Detailed textural and chemical data for mineral assemblages on a regional scale are presented for the metaandesitic Eocene-Oligocene Taveyanne greywacke of the Glarus Alps, Eastern Switzerland. Presented data indicate an increase of metamorphic grade from zeolite facies to prehnite-pumpellyite and pumpellyite-actinolite facies. Low-grade outcrops contain laumontite, minor corrensite and pumpellyite (assemblage type 1), whereas outcrops of higher metamorphic grade contain prehnite and two populations of pumpellyite (type 2), prehnite—pumpellyite-(Al)—white mica (type 3), a single outcrop shows pumpellyite-actinolite facies (type 4). From the zeolite to prehnite-pumpellyite/pumpellyite-actinolite facies there are indications for an increase of the chemical equilibrium domain size for the critical paragenesis from a single detrital grain ≤1 mm) in type 1, to a few millimetres in type 2, and to a whole thin section in type 3. Metamorphic P - T conditions were determined by a combination of chlorite thermometry, fluid inclusion and vitrinite reflectance data. Peak temperatures range from 170-190 C for zeolite facies to 270-310 C for prehnite-pumpellyite and pumpellyite-actinolite facies. For the higher temperature range, pressures of 2-3 kbar are derived indicating a geothermal gradient of 24-32 C km-1 . The well-constrained temperature estimations derived for the assemblages provide a useful test of the different empirical calibrations of chlorite thermometers recently proposed. The best correspondence to the temperatures determined here is for the Cathelineau calibration. In addition, in the lower grade samples differences in textures and calculated temperatures provide a mean to distinguish between detrital and newly formed chlorites. 相似文献
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松辽盆地深层储层砂岩中火山碎屑物质在成岩阶段的变化与孔隙发育 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
松辽盆地深层储层砂岩中岩屑成分主要为火山岩岩屑,体积分数最高可达60%。填隙物主要为凝灰质杂基和成岩期后的钙质及硅质胶结物,体积分数在11%～19%。其形成环境主要为陆相断陷盆地的河流、三角洲和扇三角洲。岩石的成分成熟度和结构成熟度普遍低,而储层物性通常却很好。孔隙铸体、岩石薄片和电镜分析结果表明,富火山岩岩屑储层岩石的物性受碎屑成分、填隙物和成岩流体3个因素影响,其中火山岩碎屑在埋藏成岩作用中易于形成的次生孔隙是改善储层物性的主要原因。岩屑砂岩与储层物性相关的主要成岩后生变化有：（1）埋藏压实作用使碎屑岩原生孔隙大量减少;（2）溶蚀、脱玻化、次生矿物的生成和重结晶等成岩作用的总效应导致孔隙增加;（3）成岩流体改造和蚀变作用使火山碎屑物质形成大量次生孔隙,从而改善了砂岩储层的物性。 相似文献
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若尔盖盆地中、晚三叠世沉积岩微量元素地球化学特征及其构造背景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
位于松潘-甘孜带东北部的若尔盖盆地是中、晚三叠世时期松潘-甘孜构造带北部重要的沉积区。对若尔盖地区的红参一井内中三叠世中期和晚三叠世中期的37个杂砂岩样品进行了ICP-MS微量元素分析,其结果显示这些砂岩样品具有Cs、Rb、Th等元素富集,Sr、Nb和Ta亏损,稀土元素总量较高,且负Eu异常和轻重稀土分异明显等壳源物质的特征;而微量不活动元素的含量及比值特征以及构造环境判别图解的判别结果表明:若尔盖盆地中三叠世中期到晚三叠世中期的沉积构造环境为大陆岛弧,沉积物源受到大陆岛弧的强烈影响。通过对比杂砂岩稀土元素组成在上层和下层样品之间的变化,若尔盖盆地内中三叠世中期到晚三叠世中期及晚期沉积物源区的构造背景和性质发生了明显的改变,而这一变化很可能是盆地东侧成熟陆壳在晚三叠世后期被抬升和剥蚀,其大量碎屑物质被带到盆地的结果。 相似文献
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弓长岭铁矿床物质来源及沉积古地理环境研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
弓长岭沉积变质型铁矿床是中国鞍山式铁矿床的典型代表.研究表明,该铁矿床赋存于反S型褶皱中,局部矿体出现褶曲现象.矿体产于主要由磁铁石英岩、斜长角闪岩、黑云母变粒岩和“蚀变岩”组成的含铁岩系中.文章通过研究该地区铁矿石的构造、结构和矿物组合,结合常量、微量及稀土元素研究,揭示了该地区形成铁矿床的物质来源与海底热液活动密切相关,在其形成过程中,很少或者没有含铝碎屑物质的加入,是由海洋化学沉积形成的,形成于还原环境.通过研究与铁矿床空间关系密切的斜长角闪岩、黑云母变粒岩和“蚀变岩”的构造和结构等,并利用常量、微量及稀土元素的测试结果,对斜长角闪岩、黑云母变粒岩和“蚀变岩”进行了原岩恢复研究,研究结果显示,该区斜长角闪岩的原岩应为洋中脊拉斑玄武岩,黑云母变粒岩的原岩应为大陆岛弧的杂砂岩,而“蚀变岩”的形成则与磁铁石英岩有着密切的关系.最后,提出了该地区铁矿床沉积的古地理环境为洋壳边缘、大陆岛弧附近,其形成环境应相当于弧后盆地. 相似文献
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Sandy sedimentary rocks rich in detrital matrix (>10% silt/clay) have long been recognized in the ancient sedimentary record, and nowhere more commonly than in deep‐marine turbidite systems. Despite this, their depositional mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part because these rocks, which are enriched in fine‐grained sediment, are often poorly exposed in outcrop or are confined to observation in core. Matrix‐rich strata in the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, in contrast, are very well‐exposed and show systematic changes in lithofacies over distances of several tens to a few hundreds of metres along‐strike. Notably, these strata are observed in both basin floor and continental slope deposits, suggesting that their occurrence and systematic lithological arrangement is related to mechanistic, rather than palaeogeographic, controls. Specifically, the facies transect consists of structureless, clayey sandstone that transforms along‐strike to a two‐layer deposit with the development of an upper, planar‐based, markedly more matrix‐rich layer. Further along‐strike, the basal clayey sandstone thins and eventually pinches out, leaving only the (upper) sandy claystone layer, which in turn thins along‐strike and then pinches out. These systematic changes in lithology, but more specifically the distribution of clay, is interpreted to form a depositional continuum related to particle settling in a horizontally advecting, high concentration particle suspension formed along the margins of an avulsion‐related high‐energy turbulent suspension. 相似文献
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The Precambrian greywacke of Ribandar‐Chimbel belonging to the Sanvordem Formation of the Goa Group, India, has been studied for petrography and analyzed for major trace elements. The greywacke is characterized by angular to sub‐round grains of quartz, feldspar, biotite, chlorite and clay minerals. The abundance of clay in the matrix seems to have influenced the Al2O3 content and the K2O/Al2O3 ratio. The variation diagrams indicate a decreasing trend of TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and MgO; whereas Na2O and CaO exhibit a scatter which could be a result of the variable presence of feldspar within the sediments. The immobile elements, vanadium (25 to 144 ppm), nickel (up to 107 ppm) and chromium (up to 184 ppm), reflect abundance of clay minerals. The greywacke shows strongly fractionated REE patterns with LaN/YbN = 8 to 26 and with higher total REE abundances (up to 245 ppm). The low REE enrichment and depletion in heavier REE with prominent negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.54 to 0.79) suggest a derivation of the greywacke from an old upper continental crust composed chiefly of felsic components. Petrological evidence and geochemical data suggest that the deposition of the greywacke largely took place in a deep to shallow basin that progressively changed from that of a continental island arc to an active continental setting. 相似文献
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