南海西沙海槽地区的海底热流测量   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

徐行  施小斌  罗贤虎  刘方兰  郭兴伟  沙志斌  杨小秋 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(4):51-58

为了解南海西沙海槽区的地热特征,利用Ewing型地热探针在该区开展了地热测量,并利用TK04热导率仪测量了相关站位表层沉积物样品的热导率,获得了7个站位的热流数据。结果表明,研究区7个站位的热导率变化范围为0.88~1.06 W/m.K,平均为0.96 W/m.K,地温梯度变化范围为85~120℃/km,热流值变化范围为83~112 mW/m2,平均达到95 mW/m2。分析表明测量结果与20世纪80年代中美合作在西沙海槽的地热测量结果一致性较好,说明研究区仍具有高热流特征,推测高热流特征可能与本区高热背景、莫霍面埋深较浅、断裂发育、晚期岩浆活动和基底起伏等有关。  相似文献   

西沙礁序列的磁性地层学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张明书  周墨清 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1996,16(3):61-65

利用西沙群岛西琛一井３３０ｍ以上井段的１４９块岩心标本，用美国２－Ｇ型超导磁力仪进行了古地磁测定，获得了一个从更新世至中新世晚期包括布容，松山，高斯和吉尔伯特四个极性时及若干亚极性的磁性地层柱，为礁序列的划分对比，提供了新的依据。  相似文献   

南海西沙西南海域表层沉积物特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

邱燕  姚伯初 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1997,17(4):41-53

西沙西南海域表层沉积物样品矿物成分，地球化学，微体古生物分析测试结果表明：沉积物可分为７种类型，沉积环境主要是陆坡，部分为深海平原，海洋生物，海洋化学以及火山物质的沉积起到了积极的作用，陆源物质的影响较小，它们主要来源于北部大陆和南部岛礁等物源区。  相似文献   

Thermal and rheological structures of the Xisha Trough, South China Sea   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Xiaobin Shi  Di Zhou  Xuelin Qiu  Yixiang Zhang 《Tectonophysics》2002,351(4)

The Xisha Trough, located in the northwest of the South China Sea (SCS) mainly rifted 30 Ma ago, has been a failed rift since the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the NW subbasin. Based on the velocity–depth model along Profile OBH-4 across the Xisha Trough, a seven-layer density–depth model is used to estimate density structure for the profile. The relationship between seismic velocity and radiogenic heat production is used to estimate the vertical distribution of heat sources in the lower crust. The 2-D temperature field is calculated by applying a 2-D numerical solution of the heat conduction equation and the thermal lithosphere thickness is obtained from the basalt dry solidus (BDS). The rheology of the profile is estimated on the basis of frictional failure in the brittle regime and power-law steady-state creep in the ductile regime. Rheological model is constructed for a three-layer model involving a granitic upper crust, a quartz diorite lower crust and an olivine upper mantle. Gravity modeling supports basically the velocity–depth model. The Moho along Profile OBH-4 is of relatively high heat flow ranging from 46 to 60 mW/m² and the Moho heat flow is higher in the trough than on the flanks. The depth of the “thermal” lithospheric lower boundary is about 54 km in the center, deepens toward two sides, and is about 75 km at the northern slope area and about 70 km at the southern Xisha–Zhongsha Block. Rheological calculation indicates that the two thinnest ductile layers in the crust and the thickest brittle layer in the uppermost mantle lie in the central region, showing that the Xisha Trough has been rheologically strengthened, which are mainly due to later thermal relaxation. In addition, the strengthening in rheology during rifting was not the main factor in hampering the breakup of the Xisha Trough.  相似文献   

西沙群岛基底火山碎屑岩中单斜辉石的矿物化学特征及其地质意义     

李诗颖  余克服  张瑜  陶士臣  严宏强 《海洋学报》2019,41(7):65-76

本文利用电子探针对南海西沙群岛琛航岛珊瑚礁底部火山碎屑岩中的单斜辉石矿物的化学特征进行了研究。结果表明，该单斜辉石属于富钙透辉石，部分有正环带结构，从核部到边部Ca、Fe、Ti的含量逐渐增加，是岩浆正常结晶顺序的反映，说明该区域的岩浆演化是向着富Ca、Fe、Ti方向发展的。主量元素数据显示，单斜辉石具有低Si高Al的特征(SiO₂=41.40%～48.44%，Al₂O₃=5.54%～10.20%)，且AlⅣ含量较高，说明母岩浆为不饱和碱性岩浆系列；此外，单斜辉石Ca含量偏高，Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe)值在46.1%～51.4%之间，推测是母岩浆的高Ca含量导致了大量高钙辉石的产出。结合西沙海域的地震和构造资料，推测琛航岛珊瑚礁的基底是玄武质火山碎屑岩组成的平顶状海山，系岩浆穿过断裂发育的岩石圈层在西沙群岛的海底喷发，随后火山碎屑物质经过堆积、固结作用而形成；该火山碎屑岩的原岩为板内碱性玄武岩。  相似文献   

基于面向对象影像分析方法的我国西沙珊瑚礁地貌单元信息提取   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

徐京萍  赵建华  李方  王林  宋德瑞  文世勇  王飞  高宁 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(12):19-27

珊瑚礁地貌单元的空间分布对于理解珊瑚礁生态系统的地质构造过程具有重要作用。然而,基于像素的影像分析方法往往获取不到较高精度的分类结果。本文基于面向对象的影像分析方法,利用Landsat 8卫星影像数据对我国西沙地区的珊瑚环礁进行了地貌单元的遥感信息提取。借鉴于美国千年珊瑚礁测绘项目的工作成果,本文首先针对研究区特点定义了十类珊瑚礁地貌单元类型。然后,基于对象的多层次关系特点,并综合利用对象的光谱、形状、上下文关系等特征,建立合适的分类规则集,获取了研究区较大尺度的珊瑚环礁地貌分区图,其分类精度普遍高于80%。虽然研究结果表明基于面向对象的影像分析方法可以有效的进行珊瑚礁遥感信息提取,但其规则集的可移植性仍需要今后的工作加以改善。  相似文献   

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the Neogene coral reefs,Xisha Islands,South China Sea: implications for tectonic evolution     

《China Geology》2018,1(1):49-60

The Xisha Block is a minor one in the South China Sea and an important tectonic unit in the northwestern part of the region. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages for three volcanic intrusive core samples from Xike-1, an exploratory well penetrating the bioherms of the Xisha Islands. The core samples are from the Miocene reef carbonate bedrock and are recognized as dark-gray biotite-hornblende gabbro, gray fine-grained biotite diorite, and gray fine-grained granite, respectively. Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images and trace Th, U and Pb compositions of the zircons show that these rocks are of volcanic intrusive origin. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating yielded six groups of ages, ranging from 2451-1857 Ma to early Cretaceous, which indicate that the formation and evolution of the Xisha Block was affected by the evolution and closure of Neotethys Ocean, probably within its eastern extension into South China Sea. Both old, deep-sourced material, including fragments from Rodina supercontinent, and recent mantle-derived magma products contributed to the emergence and formation of the Xisha block. The SHRIMP U-Pb results also proved that this process differed from that of the Kontum massif, the Hainan Block, and the South China Block, but is similar to that of the Nansha and Zhongsha blocks. The process was associated with the effects of Yanshanian magmatism induced by subduction mechanisms of the Paleo-Pacific Plate or the reworking of the multiple magmatisms since the Early to mid-Yanshanian, possibly jointly experienced by the Xisha-Zhongsha-Nansha Block.  相似文献   

中国海洋的珊瑚-珊瑚礁: 南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁生物多样性特征          下载免费PDF全文

许红  史国宁  廖宝林  陈刚  董树义  邱隆伟  李琦  罗进雄  申剑  曾晓起  王亚民  贺静  董刚  闫桂京  王宇喆  周星蕾  胡喜鹏  罗乔乔  陈竹  陶萌  纳琴  王晴  王英  沈江远  马骁  付和平  吴汉儒  马亚增  陈舒 《古地理学报》2021,23(4):771-788

珊瑚是地球上最古老的原住民,具有近6×108年的发育史,弱势群居、喜温和原地长成是珊瑚的基本特征。作者介绍了珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,综述了跨十年调查的研究区珍贵照片资料和相关认识,指出中国是全球主要的珊瑚-珊瑚礁国家,地位举足轻重;珊瑚-珊瑚礁作为地球生物多样性的代表,造岛、固礁、护鱼、防护岛岸流失,形成南海四大群岛280余座岛、礁、滩、沙,所构建庞大海洋生态系统是无与伦比的海洋生态资源和寸土寸金的南海海洋国土。提出划分南海珊瑚-珊瑚礁为中央区和周缘区2个分布区,阐述了南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,系统汇集报道了间隔10年2个科考航次调查在浅水礁盘浮潜、至20 m水深浅潜-深潜和礁盘及开展岛、礁、滩、沙地质调查的发现,包括科学定名46种六放石珊瑚和6种八放软珊瑚等成果,同时,收集了西沙、中沙、东沙和南沙群岛海域的相关调查航次珊瑚照片;进一步阐述了单体环礁和复合环礁的特征及分布,并进行了初步对比,指出永乐环礁是南海唯一一个真正的切合达尔文模式的环礁,也是环礁发展到最高阶段的产物,构成现代海洋珊瑚-珊瑚礁形成演化研究最好的天然实验室。  相似文献   

西沙群岛砗磲壳体碳、锶同位素研究及其对比   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

何勇  杨杰东 《地质学报》2001,75(2):151-155

本文系统地测定了西沙群岛中双壳类鳞砗碟壳体碳、锶同位素，结果发现鳞砗碟壳体的碳、锶同位素的生长变化曲线表现出明显的周期性，碳同位素受到鳞砗碟新陈代谢作用的影响，幼年时期壳体的δ^13C变化，幅度小于发育期，这主要是由于鳞砗磲体内在幼年期能量的消耗大于发育期。通过与其壳体上的生长纹的对比，碳同位素的周期就是生物年生长周期。锶同位素的周期性主要是由于附近大陆年周期性降雨量的变化所引起的，它不受生物生长作用的影响。  相似文献   

Change of Gas Hydrate Reservoir and Its Effect on the Environment in Xisha Trough since the Last Glacial Maximum     

王淑红  颜文  宋海斌 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(1):39-48

In this article, Milkov and Sassen’s model is selected to calculate the thickness of the gas hydrate stable zone (GHSZ) and the amount of gas hydrate in the Xisha (西沙) Trough at present and at the last glacial maximum (LGM), respectively, and the effects of the changes in the bottom water temperature and the sea level on these were also discussed. The average thickness of the GHSZ in Xisha Trough is estimated to be 287 m and 299 m based on the relationship between the GHSZ thickness and the water depth established in this study at present and at LGM, respectively. Then, by assuming that the distributed area of gas hydrates is 8 000 km2 and that the gas hydrate saturation is 1.2% of the sediment volume, the amounts of gas hydrate are estimated to be ~2.76×1010 m3 and ~2.87×1010 m3, and the volumes of hydrate-bound gases are ~4.52×1012 m3 and ~4.71×1012 m3 at present and at LGM, re- spectively. The above results show that the thickness of GHSZ decreases with the bottom water tem- perature increase and increases with the sea level increase, wherein the effect of the former is larger than that of the latter, that the average thickness of GHSZ in Xisha Trough had been reduced by ~12 m, and that 1.9×1011 m3 of methane is released from approximately 1.1×109 m3 of gas hydrate since LGM. The released methane should have greatly affected the environment.  相似文献