排序方式： 共有12条查询结果，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Pituitary gland, or pituitary for short, is characteristic of all vertebrates. As a “master gland” controlling a multitude of important functions in the body, its evolutionary origin has been an object of investigations of evolutionary biology for two centuries. Previous morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies suggested the homology of the Hatschek’s pit of amphioxus and vertebrate pituitary. Developmental genetics study showed that the development of Hatschek’s pit and vertebrate pituitary is both subject to regulation by the common genes such as Pit1, Lhx3 and BMP3b. Our recent studies demonstrated that the Hatschek’s pit is able to secrete growth hormone (GH)-like hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-like hormone that both play functions similar to vertebrate GH and TSH. We thus think that the emergence of Hatschek’s pit represents one of important events during endocrine network evolution, which laid a foundation for the subsequent formation of a hypothalamic-pituitary system in vertebrates. 相似文献
2.
本文研究了不同性腺发育时期淡水饲养的雌雄虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss)血浆促性腺激素（GTH）浓度的变化规律;以及在离体条件下,了促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH)、GnRH拮抗物和多巴胺对虹鳟脑垂体细胞分泌促性腺激素（GTH－Ⅱ）的影响,结果表明：（1）在雄性,血浆中GTH－Ⅱ的水平随性腺发育而逐渐增高;在雌性,仅排卵期血浆中GTH－Ⅱ的水平明显增高。（2）未成熟期和成熟期的雌性虹鳟脑垂体细胞对sGnRH和cGnRH刺激的敏感性表现不尽相同,成熟期和排卵后的脑垂体细胞对GnRH的刺激较为敏感,GTH－Ⅱ的分泌量较多。（3）在没有sGnRH的条件下,GnRH拮抗物对GTH－Ⅱ的分泌不发生作用,而在sGnRH的存在下,GnRH拮抗物对GTH－Ⅱ的分泌表现出浓度依赖的抑制作用。（4）在没有sGnRH的存在下,多巴胺对GTH－Ⅱ的分泌不发生作用,而当多巴胺的浓度一定时,随着sGnRH浓度的增加,GTH－Ⅱ分泌的量增大,另外,否认sGnRH还是cGnRH都不同时期的脑垂体细胞GTH－Ⅰ的分泌,这些结果可为虹鳟的人工催产提供一些理论依据。 相似文献
3.
本实验旨在探究维生素E对半滑舌鳎垂体组织中生长激素基因表达的影响。作者在每千克等氮等能的基础饲料中分别添加0、400和1 600mg的DL-α-生育酚乙酸酯(维生素E)投喂半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)成鱼(464±2.6) g,进行为期8周的养殖实验;另外,在L-15培养基中添加0、18和54μmol/L的维生素E,对半滑舌鳎成鱼(464±2.6) g的垂体细胞进行为期3 d的体外原代培养实验。分别取垂体组织和原代细胞,通过荧光实时定量PCR分析其gh mRNA的相对表达量。实验结果表明:垂体组织中gh mRNA的相对表达量随着饲料中维生素E含量的增加而呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势,在400 mg/kg组时显著高于其他各组(P0.05);随着细胞培养液中维生素E浓度的升高, gh mRNA的相对表达量显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,适宜浓度的维生素E能够促进半滑舌鳎垂体组织中生长激素基因的表达。 相似文献
4.
应用多种脑垂体组织学染色方法、免疫组织化学和电镜技术对养殖牙鲆脑垂体各个部分的组织结构进行较详细的研究.结果表明,牙鲆脑垂体呈鸡心形,可分为神经垂体和腺垂体两个部分.前者存在两种垂体细胞:颗粒垂体细胞(granular-pi-tuicyte)和纤维垂体细胞(fibrillar-pituicyte).后者又可区分为前腺垂体(RPD)、中腺垂体(PPD)和后腺垂体(PI),根据组织学染色和免疫组织化学识别以及对各种分泌细胞分泌颗粒直径的测定,在腺垂体可鉴别出六种不同形态和功能的内分泌细胞,其中位于RPD的有催乳激素(PRL)细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)细胞和促甲状腺激素(TSH)细胞,各自分泌颗粒的直径分别为150~360nm、120~300nm和125~250nm;PPD有生长激素(GH)细胞、促性腺激素(GTH)细胞,分泌颗粒直径分别为200~400nm和115~400nm,以及TSH细胞;PI只有黑色素细胞刺激素(MSH)细胞,分泌颗粒直径为250~475nm.值得指出的是,在六种内分泌细胞中唯有GTH细胞的胞质存在空泡,这是促性腺激素细胞释放分泌颗粒的标志,也是其重要的生理特征,以此为依据将可为研究牙鲆脑垂体对性腺发育的调节提供形态学依据.同时,本文对其它细胞的特点也进行了讨论,可为鱼类内分泌学研究增添新的资料,对牙鲆人工养殖和繁育的开展有重要的参考价值. 相似文献
5.
应用兔抗血清对抗鱼类和哺乳类促激素及其受体的多克隆抗体对雄性半滑舌鳎脑垂体和精巢进行了免疫组织化学定位.其结果显示GnRHR、LHR和GtH免疫活性定位在不同发育时期的腺垂体和精巢中.GtH免疫阳性细胞的数量和免疫强度随着精巢发育成熟而明显增强.同时还发现睾酮（T）和雄激素受体（AR）在半滑舌鳎精巢中的定位有别于其他鱼类,尤其是雄激素受体（AR）免疫活性在精原细胞中的数量很少.依据这个特点文中还讨论了其可能与精巢发育的关系,同时证明了半滑舌鳎精巢发育像其他硬骨鱼类一样受激素的调控. 相似文献
6.
Chunyan Zhao Liang Chi Yongshuang Xiao Bing Li Yunliang Lu Yanting Cui Wenqi Wang Jun Li 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(12):115-122
The brain plays a critical role in controlling reproduction through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in vertebrates. Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) has become an economically important marine fish in Europe and North China. Previous research investigating turbot reproduction has focused on the role of the HPG axis in regulating egg and sperm production. However, the morphology and histology of the organs in the HPG axis have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the morphology and histology of brains in female and male turbot at different stages of gonadal development. The results showed that the brains of both female and male turbot were composed of seven parts that are typical of advanced teleosts: the telencephalon, diencephalon, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, myelencephalon, and olfactory bulbs. The telencephalon was well-developed and contained five distinct lobes, with the contiguous diencephalon at the caudal portion. The torus longitudinales and rostral torus semicircularis of the mesencephalon flattened along the dorsal surface, and the rostral corpus cerebellum was located in the dorsal portion. The actual total brain volume in mature males was significantly greater (p<0.05) than that of females with gonadal development. Notably, the pituitary volume in male turbot significantly increased (p<0.05) from immature to mature stage, but this difference did not occur in females. The data together illustrate a distinct sex difference in the turbot brain during gonadal development, providing insight into their HPG axes. 相似文献
7.
目的是分析垂体腺瘤ＣＴ表现,探讨其与肿瘤分类的关系,材料与方法为本组２１例垂体腺瘤中肢端肥大８例,闭经伴泌乳８例,多饮多尿１例,无特异性明显临床表现４例,经冠状位ＣＴ扫描增细并局部放大,结果得到本组ＣＴ所见实性肿瘤７例,囊实混杂１３例,囊性１例,手术病理结果为色性细胞腺瘤１３例,嗜酸性细胞腺瘤７例,垂体腺瘤恶变１例,结论明确ＣＴ是诊断垂体腺瘤的重要方法之一,根据ＣＴ改变,再结合临床表现对肿瘤分类有 相似文献
8.
鲈鱼脑垂体促性腺激素分泌细胞与性腺发育的关系 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
用Ｈｅｉｄｅｎｈａｉｎ－Ａｚａｎ三色法、Ｃａｎｅｒｏｎ Ｓｔｅｅｌｅ法和ＰＡＰ免疫细胞化学技术,对鲈鱼脑垂体促朱激素（ＧＴＨ）分泌细胞进行定位,然后确定该细胞发育成熟性腺发育之间的相互关系。可为人工培育鲈鱼亲鱼时,适时用外源性激素诱发其性腺提早成熟,提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
10.
Charles P. Mitchell 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):325-336
Galaxias maculatus has considerable potential as a laboratory animal. Laboratory techniques used to maintain, artificially spawn, hatch, and rear this New Zealand native freshwater fish are described. Potential research applications for the fish, the eggs, and the larvae are outlined. The development of the larvae is described. 相似文献