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Jerry C. Ritchie Vernon L. Finney Kenneth J. Oster Carole A. Ritchie 《Geomorphology》2004,61(3-4):347-360
Over the past 150 years, major land use changes have occurred in the Stemple Creek Watershed in northern California that have caused erosion to move soils from the upland to the flood plain, stream channels, and the bay. The purpose of this study is to document the recent (1954 to present) sediment deposition patterns in the flood plain area adjacent to Stemple Creek using the 137Cesium technique. Sediment deposition ranged from 0.26 to 1.84 cm year−1 for the period from 1964 to 2002 with an average of 0.85±0.41 cm year−1. Sediment deposition rates were higher for the 1954 to 1964 period with a range of 0.31–3.50 cm year−1 and an average of 1.29±1.04 cm year−1. These data indicate that sediment deposition in the flood plain has decreased since the middle 1950s, probably related to reduction in row crop agriculture and an increase in pasturelands. This study shows that the flood plains in the Stemple Creek Watershed are a significant sink for the soils being eroded from the upland area. Given the significance of the flood plain for trapping eroded materials before they reach the stream channels or the bay, efforts need to be made to manage these flood plain areas to insure that they do not change and become a source rather than a sink for eroded materials as improved management practices on the upland areas reduce sediment input to the flood plain. 相似文献
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W. C. Rember T. W. Erdman M. L. Hoffmann V. E. Chamberlain K. F. Sprenke 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(3):242-245
For over a century Medicine Lake in northern Idaho has received heavy-metal-laden tailings from the Coeur d'Alene mining district. Establishing the depositional chronology of the lake bottom sediments provides information on the source and rate of deposition of the tailings. Cesium-137, an isotope produced in the atmosphere by nuclear bomb tests, was virtually absent in the environment prior to 1951, but reached its apex in 1964. Our analysis of cesium-137 in the sediments of Medicine Lake revealed that 14 cm of fine-grained tailings were deposited in the lake from 1951 to 1964 and tailing deposition downstream was greatly reduced by the installation of tailings dams in the district in 1968. Cesium-137 analysis is accomplished by a fairly simple gamma-ray counting technique and should be a valuable tool for analyzing sedimentation in any lacustrine environment that was active during the 1950s and 1960s. 相似文献
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Soil contamination by radioactive Cs from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident was investigated. Absorption and desorption experiments of Cs were conducted for several phyllosillicates (kaolinite, sericite, montmorillonite, vermiculite, chrysotile and biotite), zeolite and solid organic matter (dead and green leaves). The results confirmed the characteristic sorption and desorption of Cs by these materials. The 2:1 type phyllosilicate, especially, vermiculite and montmorillonite absorbed Cs well. Heated vermiculite for agricultural use and weathered montmorillonite also adsorbed Cs. Leaves also absorbed Cs considerably but easily desorbed it. In summary, the relative capacity and strength of different materials for sorption of Cs followed the order: zeolite (clinoptilolite) > 2:1 type clay mineral > 1:1 type clay mineral > dead and green leaves. Culture experiments using bacteria of both naturally living on dead leaves in Iitate village, Fukushima Pref. and bacterial strains of Bacillus subtillis, Rhodococus erythropolis, Streptomyces aomiensis and Actinomycetospora chlora were carried out. Non-radioactive 1% Cs solution (CsCl) was added to the culture media. Two types of strong or considerable bacterial uptakes of Cs were found in bacterial cells. One is that Cs was contained mainly as globules inside bacteria and the other is that Cs was absorbed in the whole bacterial cells. The globules consisted mainly of Cs and P. Based on all these results, future diffusion and re-circulation behavior of Cs in the surface environment was discussed. 相似文献
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由于传统的二维GIS平台日渐式微,地理信息技术发展的速度越来越快,需要精度更高、表现力更好的三维GIS平台以及相应的解决方案。本文阐述了以Cesium开源前端库为依托,通过倾斜三维模型作为基础数据,实现三维WebGIS平台建设的解决方案,同时通过实例对三维平台的功能进行说明。 相似文献
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针对现有的商业地理信息系统平台难以灵活整合多源影像数据融合使用的问题,深入研究Cesium平台下多种数据源的空间参考差异和瓦片组织规则,针对不同空间参考的瓦片数据源进行混搭设计,提出基于Cesium的多源本地瓦片数据静态和动态加载方案。实验结果表明,单一瓦片数据源加载方案、静态和动态多源瓦片混搭方案的展示效果较好;静态瓦片混搭方案在加载不同空间参考瓦片数据时容易造成变形;动态多源、多空间参考瓦片混搭方案能有效克服变形问题且展示效果佳。本文实现了在开源GIS平台下的多源影像数据的融合使用,为地理信息系统与遥感类项目应用提供了一个低成本、高灵活性的解决方案,具有较为明显的实际应用价值。 相似文献
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以亚铁氰化钾为单源前驱体,以活性炭为载体,采用超声辅助均匀沉淀法,制备了普鲁士蓝/活性炭复合材料(PB/AC)。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、X-射线光电子能谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱技术,对PB/AC的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征。结果表明:立方体结构的PB微晶均匀地分布在活性炭表面。研究考察了PB/AC对水溶液中铯离子(Cs~+)的吸附和脱附性能。在pH=7、45℃和180 min条件下,PB/AC对Cs~+的最大吸附量为49.17 mg/g;在pH=2、45℃和240 min条件下,Cs~+的脱附率可达88.5%。 相似文献
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结合光抽运铯束频标的具体结构,论证了用余弦傅里叶逆变换的方法推导原子速度分布的可行性;用该理论对实验系统测量的Ramsey花样进行了分析,得到铯束管中有效原子真实的速度分布,该速度分布与铯束管的具体结构对速度的要求相一致;通过速度分布精确计算了影响光抽运铯束频标准确度的重要因素——二级多普勒频移,其大小为-3．5×10-13。 相似文献
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随着我国铁路信息化建设的不断推进,三维GIS和网络GIS在铁路领域中的应用逐渐深化。本文针对铁路线路三维场景空间信息服务,提出了基于三维开源引擎Cesium的铁路线路三维场景构建及网络应用方法,对Cesium架构与网络服务、线路三维地理环境构建、铁路工务基础设施工程组件三维模型构建进行了研究。为将铁路线路空间地理环境信息与铁路基础设施模型集成在Cesium三维引擎中,对铁路基础设施正向设计下的BIM模型进行了轻量化研究,实现了基于Cesium的网络化、跨平台、分布式铁路线路三维空间信息三维场景漫游、数据共享与功能服务。 相似文献
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The present work are extract cesium (Cs+) and rubidium (Rb+) from the salt lake brine containing the potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+) after concentrated through evaporation. It has excellent effect of extraction that 4-sec-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) was diluted in the Sulfonated Kerosene (SK). The infrared spectrum studies indicate that polymerize to form the dimer in the t-BAMBP when Cs+ or Rb+ were extracted. The effect of K+ and Mg2+, t-BAMBP concentration, the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) and the alkalinity(pH) of aqueous phase were investigated. The K+ and Mg2+ should be eliminated through precipitation before extraction and separation Cs+ and Rb+. The experimental brine was extracted of optimum conditions were using 0.8 mol/L t-BAMBP in SK, the pH exceed 13, and O/A of 1:1 for 2 min contact time under room temperature. The optimal extraction yields of Cs+ and Rb+ up to 100% and 85.8%, and 8.76% K+ was co-extracted. Further work target to increase theSextractionSyield and selectivity ofSRb+, and realize the efficient seperation of Cs+ and Rb+ products . 相似文献