中国中东部地区再分析资料地面温度误差周期性特征分析     

欧阳鸿翔  秦正坤  李昕  张冰 《高原气象》2022,(3):572-583

地面温度是表征大气和陆地热力相互作用的重要变量,但是由于其强的小尺度变化特征,地面温度变化的分析一直受到观测资料时空密度的制约。利用2019年1月和7月我国高时空分辨率的自动站观测资料,分析了GFS(Global Forecast System)和ERA5(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts fifth reanalysis data)两种再分析资料对中国东部地区地面温度变化特征的再现能力。结果表明：两种再分析资料的地面2 m温度和地表温度均有明显的日变化特征,但是观测资料与再分析资料的差值出现了明显的规律性特征。进一步分析表明差值的规律性主要是由于两种再分析资料对我国地面温度日变化的周期特征的模拟存在系统性位相偏差,而且位相偏差还存在明显的经度依赖性,通过对各经度带误差特征的定量分析,论文初步探讨了规律性误差形成的可能原因。  相似文献   

"03.7"梅雨锋暴雨的中尺度模拟和诊断分析   总被引：28，自引：28，他引：0  

张冰  胡隐樵  傅培健 《高原气象》2005,24(3):378-386

利用中尺度模式MM5研究了2003年7月4～5日(简称"03.7")的梅雨锋暴雨过程, 该模式对这次暴雨过程有很好的模拟能力.应用假相当位温密集区定义锋面, 梅雨锋锋生比暴雨早12 h出现.此次暴雨过程中, 急流发展比暴雨要早2 h左右.低空急流的增强, 负散度绝对值加大, 促使低层强烈辐合, 是本次暴雨的触发机制, 而涡度的增强则是系统发展的结果.暴雨期间, 对流层低层是平均湿位涡负值区, 湿对称不稳定.然而, 850 hPa上湿位涡的弱正值区随暴雨中心(雨量＞20 mm·h-1)同步东移, 说明其中心为湿对称弱中性.  相似文献   

STUDY ON SENSITIVITY OF WIND FIELD VARIATION TO STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONVECTIVE STORMS     

吴海英  曾明剑  梅海霞  张冰 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(1):57-70

A numerical experiment was carried out on individual cases of severe convections in the Jianghuai area under cold vortex on April 28, 2015 in order to study the impact of wind field variations at the middle and low troposphere on the development and structure of storms. The results show that the structure and development of convective storm is highly sensitive to the changes of wind fields, and the adjustment of wind field at the middle or low troposphere will lead to significant changes in the development and intensity of storms. When the wind field at the middle or low troposphere is weakened, the convective development suffers different degrees of attenuation compared with the control experiment, and the ways of attenuation of the two levels are different. In the attenuation test of wind field at the middle level, convection is obviously weak at all stages of its development, while for the wind field at the low level, the convective development is weak only in the initial development stage of storm. On the contrary, the enhancement of the wind field at the middle or low troposphere is conducive to the development of convection, especially the enhancement of the wind field at the middle troposphere. In comparison, the convection develops rapidly in this test, as the most intensive one. The wind field variations have a significant impact on the structure and organization of the storm. The enhancement of the wind field at the middle troposphere makes for the intension of the middle-level swirl of convective storm, the reduction of the storm scale, and the organized evolution of convection. The development of the wind field at the low level troposphere is conducive to the development of the low-level secondary circulation of the storm and the cyclonic vorticity at the middle and low levels at the inflowing side.  相似文献   

Hilbert-Huang变换在地脉动卓越周期计算中的应用     

李传金  渐翔  王强  赵宇尘  姚建雄  林智勇 《地球物理学进展》2021,36(4):1688-1693

研究如何在白天观测地脉动存在人为振动干扰情况下准确计算卓越周期.选择一个场地进行连续24 h地脉动观测.应用快速傅里叶变换计算地脉动数据的功率谱,应用Hilbert-Huang变换对地脉动数据进行经验模态分解并计算边际谱.通过实验发现,夜间和白天观测地脉动功率谱具有明显差异.在夜间观测的地脉动主峰明显,容易识别卓越周期,在白天观测的地脉动功率谱存在多个峰值,难以识别卓越周期.边际谱与功率谱基本一致,存在多个峰值,难以由边际谱判别卓越周期.通过实验还发现,可以由某一IMF分量的频谱判别卓越周期,但具体为哪个IMF分量需结合场地条件判断.对原始数据减去IMF分量后差值的频谱分析发现主峰明显,频率和夜间观测的非常接近,可以判别卓越周期.实验结果表明,对于在白天观测存在人为振动干扰的场地,难以通过功率谱和边际谱判别卓越周期,可以应用Hilbert-Huang变换进行经验模态分解,由原始数据减去IMF分量后差值的频谱峰值判别卓越周期.  相似文献   

基于一步法层析速度建模方法建立     

徐嘉亮  张冰  王维红  石颖 《地球物理学报》2021,64(4):1412-1418

像域层析速度建模方法利用偏移道集剩余曲率构建目标函数并迭代更新速度场.迭代更新速度场需反复进行叠前深度偏移,对于三维地震数据,偏移成像计算时间长,迭代更新过程成倍增加层析成像计算时间.本文由剩余时差拾取机理出发,提出隐式剩余时差概念,并建立隐式剩余时差与剩余速度之间的函数关系,利用该关系通过一次计算就可以对剩余速度进行精确求取并对速度模型进行精确更新,该方法避免了常规层析方法需要多次迭代的流程.由模型数据测试及实际数据应用证明,本文提出方法是有效可行的,该方法与常规层析方法进行比较,在保证提高层速度场建模精度的同时有效提高计算效率,为后续偏移成像节省大量时间.  相似文献   

黑洞的搜寻和证认(I):现状     

张冰  乔国俊  韩金林 《天文学进展》1998,(4)

简要介绍有关黑洞的理论及其表现形式,详细综述在星系中心及X射线双星中搜寻和证认黑洞的原理、方法及现状．在星系层次,除活动星系核中心可能存在的黑洞外,在邻近星系中已找到至少11个黑洞候选者,但观测所及的最小尺度仍比黑洞视界高几个量级。在恒星层次,利用动力学判据,人们己在大质量X射线双星和软X射线暂现源中找到至少10个强候选者,并利用辐射判据找到更多的候选者,但目前仍然没有找到黑洞双星区别于中子星双星的决定性判据．所有这些说明,迄今尚未找到充足的证据证明黑洞的存在。  相似文献   

自动管电流调制技术在双源CT冠状动脉成像中降低辐射剂量的价值     

薛水培  高德宏  姜梅  冯柳  张大波  周美红  张冰 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(3):379-384

目的：探讨双源CT自动管电流调制（ATCM）技术在冠状动脉成像中降低辐射剂量的价值。方法：回顾性分析134例双源CT冠脉成像资料,根据体重指数（BMI〈18.5,18.5≤BMI≤24,BMI〉24）将受试者分三组,每组分别为28例,50例及56例。每组各随机抽取一半受试者为实验组,根据体重指数手动调节管电流,同时使用ACTM技术（勾选Care Dose 4D）进行扫描;另一半为对照组,仅根据体重指数手动调节管电流。计算所有患者CTA检查的辐射剂量,对冠脉节段进行图像质量评分。结果：实验组及对照组图像质量和图像噪声无显著差异。三组中CTDIvol、DLP、ED值之间差异有统计学意义,实验组比对照组均下降约50%（详细数据见表1）;体重指数偏大组SD值实验组略大于对照组。结论：在图像质量无明显下降的情况下,双源CT冠状动脉成像中使用ATCM能明显降低患者检查的剂量。  相似文献   

罗布泊地区晚第四系介形类分布特征及环境分析     

王建中  杨振京  林防  毕志伟  林景星  张冰  刘畅 《干旱区地理》2015,38(1):90-94

通过对新疆罗布泊地区地层剖面中的介形类分布及其组合特征的分析,在剖面中发现有14属31种介形类化石,划分出两个化石组合层段。第一层段以Limnocythere sanciti-patricii为组合特征,代表沉积环境为湖相,根据¹⁴C年龄,此层段的沉积年龄在20 870～14 770 a BP。第二层段以Cyprideis littoralis和Darwinula stevensoni为组合特征,代表咸水-半咸水湖相沉积环境,根据¹⁴C测年,地层沉积年龄约30 000 a BP。  相似文献   

基于CMIP5模式的中国地区未来洪涝灾害风险变化预估   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐影  张冰  周波涛  董思言  於琍  李柔珂 《气候变化研究进展》2014,10(4):268-275

利用22个CMIP5全球气候模式模拟结果,结合社会经济以及地形高度数据,分析了RCP8.5温室气体排放情景下21世纪近期（2016-2035年）、中期（2046-2065年）和后期（2080-2099年）中国洪涝致灾危险性、承灾体易损性以及洪涝灾害风险。结果表明,洪涝灾害危险等级较高的地区集中在中国的东南部,洪涝承灾体易损度高值区位于中国的东部地区。在RCP8.5情景下,未来我国洪涝灾害高风险区主要出现在四川东部、华东的大部分地区、华北的京津冀地区、陕西和山西的部分地区以及东南沿海部分地区。东北地区的各大省会城市面临洪涝灾害的风险也很高。与基准期（1986-2005年）相比,21世纪后期,虽然发生洪涝灾害的区域变化不大,但高风险区域有所增加。鉴于模式较粗的分辨率以及确定权重系数的方法学等问题,洪涝灾害风险的预估还存在较大的不确定性。  相似文献   

系统聚类和主成分分析在现代沉积环境划分中的应用-以海南新村港潟湖为例     

杨阳  高抒  周亮  王韫玮  李高聪  汪亚平  韩卓尘  贾培宏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):64-71

An understanding of the sedimentary environment in relation to its controlling factors is of great importance in coastal geomorphology,ecology,tourism and aquaculture studies.We attempt to deal with this issue,using a case study from the Xincun Lagoon,Hainan Island in southern China.For the study,surficial sediment samples were collected,together with hydrodynamic and bathymetric surveys,during August 2013.Numerical simulation was carried out to obtain high-spatial resolution tidal current data.The sediment samples were analyzed to derive mean grain size,sorting coefficient,skewness and kurtosis,together with the sand,silt and clay contents.The modern sedimentary environments were classified using system cluster and principal component analyses.Grain size analysis reveals that the sediments are characterized by extremely slightly sandy silty mud(ESSSM) and slightly silty sand(SSS),which are distributed in the central lagoon and near-shore shallow water areas,respectively.Mean grain size varies from 0 to 8.0Ф,with an average of 4.6Ф.The silt content is the highest,i.e.,52% on average,with the average contents of sand and clay being 43% and 5%,respectively.There exists a significant correlation between mean size and water depth,suggesting that the surficial sediments become finer with increasing water depth.Cluster analyses reveals two groups of samples.The first group is characterized by mean grain size of more than 5.5Ф,whilst the second group has mean grain size of below 3.5Ф.Further,these groups also have different correlations between mean grain size and the other grain size parameters.In terms of the tidal current,the average values of the root mean square velocity(RMSV) are 7.5 cm/s and 6.9 cm/s on springs and neaps,respectively.For the RMSVs that are higher than 4 cm/s,a significant positive correlation is found between the content of the 63–125 μm fraction and the RMSV,suggesting that the RMSV determines the variability of the very fine sand fraction.Based on system cluster and principal component analyses(PCA),the modern sedimentary environments are classified into three types according to the grain size parameters,RMSVs and water depth data.The results suggest the importance of grain size parameters and high-spatial resolution hydrodynamic data in differentiating the coastal sedimentary environments.  相似文献