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121.
Xuke Hu Hongchao Fan Alexey Noskov Zhiyong Wang Alexander Zipf Fuqiang Gu Jianga Shang 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):71-111
Semantically rich maps are the foundation of indoor location‐based services. Many map providers such as OpenStreetMap and automatic mapping solutions focus on the representation and detection of geometric information (e.g., shape of room) and a few semantics (e.g., stairs and furniture) but neglect room usage. To mitigate the issue, this work proposes a general room tagging method for public buildings, which can benefit both existing map providers and automatic mapping solutions by inferring the missing room usage based on indoor geometric maps. Two kinds of statistical learning‐based room tagging methods are adopted: traditional machine learning (e.g., random forests) and deep learning, specifically relational graph convolutional networks (R‐GCNs), based on the geometric properties (e.g., area), topological relationships (e.g., adjacency and inclusion), and spatial distribution characteristics of rooms. In the machine learning‐based approach, a bidirectional beam search strategy is proposed to deal with the issue that the tag of a room depends on the tag of its neighbors in an undirected room sequence. In the R‐GCN‐based approach, useful properties of neighboring nodes (rooms) in the graph are automatically gathered to classify the nodes. Research buildings are taken as examples to evaluate the proposed approaches based on 130 floor plans with 3,330 rooms by using fivefold cross‐validation. The experiments conducted show that the random forest‐based approach achieves a higher tagging accuracy (0.85) than R‐GCN (0.79). 相似文献
122.
Jens Hopp Mario Trieloff Uli Ott Ekaterina V. Korochantseva Alexey I. Buykin 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(3):358-372
Ar‐Ar isochron ages of EL chondrites suggest closure of the K‐Ar system at 4.49 ± 0.01 Ga for EL5 and 6 chondrites, and 4.45 ± 0.01 Ga for EL3 MAC 88136. The high‐temperature release regimes contain a mixture of radiogenic 40Ar* and trapped primordial argon (solar or Q‐type) with 40Ar/36ArTR ~ 0 , which does not affect the 40Ar budget. The low‐temperature extractions show evidence of an excess 40Ar component. The 40Ar/36Ar is 180–270; it is defined by intercept values of isochron regression. Excess 40Ar is only detectable in petrologic types >4/5. These lost most of their primordial 36Ar from low‐temperature phases during metamorphism and retrapped excess 40Ar. The origin of this excess 40Ar component is probably related to metamorphic Ar mobilization, homogenization of primordial and in situ radiogenic Ar, and trapping of Ar by distinct low‐temperature phases. Ar‐Ar ages of EH chondrites are more variable and show clear evidence of a major impact‐induced partial resetting at about 2.2 Ga ago or alternatively, prolonged metamorphic decomposition of major K carrier phases. EH impact melt LAP 02225 displayed the highest Ar‐Ar isochron age of 4.53 ± 0.01 Ga. This age sets a limit of about 25–45 Ma for the age bias between the K‐Ar and U‐Pb decay systems. 相似文献
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124.
Ekaterina V. KOROCHANTSEVA Mario TRIELOFF Cyrill A. LORENZ Alexey I. BUYKIN Marina A. IVANOVA Winfried H. SCHWARZ Jens HOPP Elmar K. JESSBERGER 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(1):113-130
Abstract— Radiochronometry of L chondritic meteorites yields a rough age estimate for a major collision in the asteroid belt about 500 Myr ago. Fossil meteorites from Sweden indicate a highly increased influx of extraterrestrial matter in the Middle Ordovician ~480 Myr ago. An association with the L‐chondrite parent body event was suggested, but a definite link is precluded by the lack of more precise radiometric ages. Suggested ages range between 450 ± 30 Myr and 520 ± 60 Myr, and can neither convincingly prove a single breakup event, nor constrain the delivery times of meteorites from the asteroid belt to Earth. Here we report the discovery of multiple 40Ar‐39Ar isochrons in shocked L chondrites, particularly the regolith breccia Ghubara, that allow the separation of radiogenic argon from multiple excess argon components. This approach, applied to several L chondrites, yields an improved age value that indicates a single asteroid breakup event at 470 ± 6 Myr, fully consistent with a refined age estimate of the Middle Ordovician meteorite shower at 467.3 ± 1.6 Myr (according to A Geologic Time Scale 2004). Our results link these fossil meteorites directly to the L‐chondrite asteroid destruction, rapidly transferred from the asteroid belt. The increased terrestrial meteorite influx most likely involved larger projectiles that contributed to an increase in the terrestrial cratering rate, which implies severe environmental stress. 相似文献
125.
Previous simulations of martian global dust storms with a simple low-order model showed the desired interannual variability of storms if one of the model parameters—the threshold wind speed for starting saltation and lifting dust from the surface—was finely tuned. In this paper we show that the fine-tuning of this parameter could be the result of negative feedback in which processes associated with global dust storms raise the threshold and small-scale processes like dust devils, which are active in years between the storms, lower the threshold. 相似文献
126.
Valeri Gitis Alexander Derendyaev Pavel Metrikov Alexey Shogin 《Natural Hazards》2012,62(3):1021-1036
In this paper, we present two network geoinformation technologies. Their common major features are (1) network access to geographical information, which may be distributed over network servers or reside on the user PC, (2) modern methods of knowledge acquisition from spatial and spatio-temporal data and (3) high interactivity and clarity of visualization boosting the decision-making efficiency. The technologies are incorporated into web-GIS GeoProcessor 2.0 and GeoTime 2.0. By means of analyzing several case studies, we argue that the proposed applications are effective tools for seismic hazard research. 相似文献
127.
This paper presents the results of field and laboratory tests of railway ballast.Field tests were aimed to study vibrational acceleration of ballast particles and ballast layer stressed state in terms of train traffic with heavy axle loads.The test results are vibrational acceleration and stress values distribution in ballast layer and experimental relationships of vertical and horizontal vibroaccelerations damping in terms of train operation with axle load up to 300 kN.Laboratory stabilometer tests were directed to study the change of ballast strength properties due to vibrodynamic impact and shows that for dynamic loading with 10,25,55 Hz frequencies vibrodynamic impact influences strength properties insignificantly and coincides with the accuracy of test equipment.Stated test results provide references for calculation of ballast and sub-ballast bearing capacity. 相似文献
128.
Alexey Lyubushin 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(4):116
The traditional approach of GPS investigations is determining trends which are connected with the motion of tectonic plates. At the same time, a global GPS network provides the possibility of investigating statistical properties of high-frequency earth surface tremor in different parts of the world. Based on the results of coherence and correlation analysis of noise components of daily three-component GPS time series, representing measurements of earth surface displacements at 1097 stations, we have found that, during 2010–2011, there was a significant increase in the average level of noise coherence or correlation with dominant periods 7–9 days of surface tremor in nine regions of the earth, and in some of these regions, the average level of coherence or correlation is still high and does not return to the previous level. The increase of the average level of coherence and correlation could be detected on the graphs purely visually, while the middle time point of the time interval in which the ascending occurred is detected more precisely by a formal method based on the use of the Fisher’s ratio. 相似文献
129.
130.
Alexander?G.?SokolEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Anatoly?A.?Tomilenko Taras?A.?Bul’bak Alexey?N.?Kruk Pavel?A.?Zaikin Ivan?A.?Sokol Yurii?V.?Seryotkin Yury?N.?Palyanov 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(6):47
Interactions in a Fe–C–O–H–N system that controls the mobility of siderophile nitrogen and carbon in the Fe0-saturated upper mantle are investigated in experiments at 6.3–7.8 GPa and 1200–1400 °C. The results show that the γ-Fe and metal melt phases equilibrated with the fluid in a system unsaturated with carbon and nitrogen are stable at 1300 °C. The interactions of Fe3C with an N-rich fluid in a graphite-saturated system produce the ε-Fe3N phase (space group P63/mmc or P6322) at subsolidus conditions of 1200–1300 °C, while N-rich melts form at 1400 °C. At IW- and MMO-buffered hydrogen fugacity (fH2), fluids vary from NH3- to H2O-rich compositions (NH3/N2?>?1 in all cases) with relatively high contents of alkanes. The fluid derived from N-poor samples contains less H2O and more carbon which mainly reside in oxygenated hydrocarbons, i.e., alcohols and esters at MMO-buffered fH2 and carboxylic acids at unbuffered fH2 conditions. In unbuffered conditions, N2 is the principal nitrogen host (NH3/N2?≤?0.1) in the fluid equilibrated with the metal phase. Relatively C- and N-rich fluids in equilibrium with the metal phase (γ-Fe, melt, or Fe3N) are stable at the upper mantle pressures and temperatures. According to our estimates, the metal/fluid partition coefficient of nitrogen is higher than that of carbon. Thus, nitrogen has a greater affinity for iron than carbon. The general inference is that reduced fluids can successfully transport volatiles from the metal-saturated mantle to metal-free shallow mantle domains. However, nitrogen has a higher affinity for iron and selectively accumulates in the metal phase, while highly mobile carbon resides in the fluid phase. This may be a controlling mechanism of the deep carbon and nitrogen cycles. 相似文献