站点气温格点化方法在贵州区域的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李刚  汤天然  杨秀庄  姚浪  万超 《中低纬山地气象》2023,47(1):63-69

利用2019年1—12月国家气象信息中心实况格点资料、贵州地面观测站资料以及ECMWF 2 m气温起报场资料,讨论了相同插值方案下站点数对空间分布的反演效果以及相同测站数下不同插值方案的表现,同时对国家气象信息中心实况格点场进行检验,并对本地建立的气温格点分析场进行初步评估。结果表明：相同的插值方案下,站数越多越能反映要素场的实际分布状态;基于贵州特殊地形,在相同站数下双线性插值法优于邻域法;通过对国家气象信息中心实况格点分析场评估,日最高、最低气温在贵州区域均存在明显误差,其平均绝对误差分别为1.6℃与1.1℃左右,平均RMSE分别达2.2℃与1.6℃。采用Cressman方案对离散观测资料重建的本地化气温格点分析场进行评估,其最高、最低气温平均绝对误差降至0.2℃与0.1℃左右,大幅度降低了与测站观测值的差异,基本可以代替国家气象信息中心下发的气温格点分析场,并将为今后贵州省业务或研究工作中格点预报的客观订正提供新的更符合实际的参考。  相似文献   

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas     

Aleksandras Rybakovas  Janina Bar&#x;ien&#x;  Thomas Lang 《Marine environmental research》2009,68(5):246-256

Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002, 2003 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5‰, NB – up to 0.75‰) and cytotoxicity (FA – up to 0.53‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish.  相似文献   

Provenances and dispersal patterns of turbidite sand in Escanaba Trough,northeastern Pacific Ocean     

T.L. Vallier  P.J. Harold  W.A. Girdley 《Marine Geology》1973,15(2):67-87

Escanaba Trough, the median valley of Gorda Ridge, is partly filled with terrigenous sediment which was eroded mostly from rocks in the Klamath and Columbia River drainage basins and transported across the sea floor to the trough by turbidity currents. Basal or lower cores contain sand derived from the south-central metamorphic belt of the Klamath Mountains, whereas the upper cores have sand derived from the Columbia River drainage basin. Columbia River sediment reached Escanaba Trough either after a barrier at Blanco Valley had been destroyed by tectonic movement or after a gradient, sufficient to maintain turbidity current momentum, had developed between the Astoria Fan apex and the trough. Sediment in Escanaba Trough is young and most probably was deposited when sea level was lower than at present, perhaps during the Wisconsin Glacial Age.  相似文献   

Prehistoric life on the Mississippi Floodplain. Richard W. Yerkes, 1987, the University of Chicago Press,Prehistoric Archeology and Ecology Series, 279 pp., $25.00 (clothbound), $10.00 (paperbound)     

Harold Hassen 《Geoarchaeology》1988,3(2):168-169

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The peruvian anchoveta and its upwelling ecosystem: Three Decades of Change. D. Pauly and I. Tsukayama,Eds., 1987, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (available from International Specialized Book Services,P.O. Box 1632, Beaverton,OR 970751, 351 pp., $36.00     

Harold B. Rollins 《Geoarchaeology》1988,3(4):306-307

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Topsoil morphology indicates bio-effective redox conditions in Venice salt marshes     

Friederike Lang  Moritz von der Lippe  Susanne Schimpel  Tiberio Scozzafava-Jaeger  Wolfgang Straub 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Visual traces of iron reduction and oxidation are linked to the redox status of soils and have been used to characterise the quality of agricultural soils. We tested whether this feature could also be used to explain the spatial pattern of the natural vegetation of tidal habitats. If so, an easy assessment of the effect of rising sea level on tidal ecosystems would be possible. Our study was conducted at the salt marshes of the northern lagoon of Venice, which are strongly threatened by erosion and rising sea level and are part of the world heritage “Venice and its lagoon”. We analysed the abundance of plant species at 255 sampling points along a land–sea gradient. In addition, we surveyed the redox morphology (presence/absence of red iron oxide mottles in the greyish topsoil horizons) of the soils and the presence of disturbances. We used indicator species analysis, correlation trees and multivariate regression trees to analyse relations between soil properties and plant species distribution. Plant species with known sensitivity to anaerobic conditions (e.g. Halimione portulacoides) were identified as indicators for oxic soils (showing iron oxide mottles within a greyish soil matrix). Plant species that tolerate a low redox potential (e.g. Spartina maritima) were identified as indicators for anoxic soils (greyish matrix without oxide mottles). Correlation trees and multivariate regression trees indicate the dominant role of the redox morphology of the soils in plant species distribution. In addition, the distance from the mainland and the presence of disturbances were identified as tree-splitting variables. The small-scale variation of oxygen availability plays a key role for the biodiversity of salt marsh ecosystems. Our results suggest that the redox morphology of salt marsh soils indicates the plant availability of oxygen. Thus, the consideration of this indicator may enable an understanding of the heterogeneity of biological processes in oxygen-limited systems and may be a sensitive and easy-to-use tool to assess human impacts on salt marsh ecosystems.  相似文献   

The birth of El Niño: Geoarchaeological evidence and implications     

Harold B. Rollins  James B. Richardson  Daniel H. Sandweiss 《Geoarchaeology》1986,1(1):3-15

The oceanographic phenomenon known as El Niño is the subject of intensive recent study. Any hypotheses regarding physical causes and predictability of El Niño should consider its geological history. New geoarchaeological evidence suggests that the El Niño phenomenon did not exist along the northern and central coasts of Peru before about 5000 years B.P. Molluscan faunas from archaeological sites at Pampa las Salinas and Salinas de Chao permit temporal bracketing of a major structural change in the East Pacific water mass. The boundary between the warm Panamic Province and the cold Peruvian Province, which today occurs at about 5 degrees south latitude, was some 500 km further south from at least 11,000 years B.P. to about 5000 years B.P. This conclusion is corroborated by many other lines of evidence including phosphorite distribution, timing of glacial retreat, sea level change, radiolarian, diatom and fish scale distributions, and beach ridge patterns. The present day arid coastal climate of north central Peru is probably a post-5000 year B.P. development. Hunter–gatherer populations of the area would most likely have exploited more land-based seasonal resources from grasslands and forests before 5000 years B.P., and relied less upon the diminished productivity of warm water maritime resources.  相似文献   

苏北黄泛平原典型城市天然“海绵体”潜力评价体系     

黄倩  李朗 《江苏地质》2023,47(2):203-207

苏北黄泛平原地势平坦，浅部地层结构松散,可储水“海绵体”特征明显。为评价该区域“海绵体”雨水渗储潜力，以南部的江苏宿迁市区为例，在系统分析天然“海绵体”渗储能力主要影响因素的基础上，构建了天然“海绵体”雨水渗储潜力两级评价指标体系，借助层次分析法计算各指标权重，运用MapGIS进行综合评价。结果表明，废黄河漫滩区天然“海绵体”雨水渗储潜力较好，漫滩区以外区域渗储潜力一般或较差。  相似文献