Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Restoration in the Junggar Desert     

WEI Peng  AN Shazhou  KE Mei  LI Chao  HOU Yurong  LAN Jiyong  KANG Shuai  JIN Junpeng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(6):840-848

Enclosure is commonly used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, the effects of enclosure on grassland plant and soil restoration remain controversial, particularly in deserts. To assess the effects of enclosure on desert plants and soil properties, using high throughput sequencing, the differences between plants and soil were systematically analyzed before and after enclosure construction. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the three desert flora increased and decreased, but the difference was not significant; enclosure increased plant height, coverage, aboveground biomass, and species richness by 58.99%, 59.35%, 33.29%, and 51.21%, respectively, in a Seriphidium transiliense formation; by 15.49%, 33.52%, 20.85%, and 5.13%, respectively, in a Haloxylon persicum formation; and by 83.80%, 31.51%, 76.66% and 33.33%, respectively, in an Anabasis salsa formation. For soil bacteria, enclosure significantly increased the average number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon-Wiener index by 12.74% and 2.92%, respectively, under S. transiliense formation and by 17.08% and 3.17%, respectively, under H. persicum formation. However, enclosure had no significant effect on the average number of operational taxonomic units or Shannon-Wiener index under A. salsa formation. Enclosure significantly increased desert plants, soil bacterial diversity, and desert plant community productivity; however, the increase in soil nutrient content was not significant. These results demonstrate that enclosure is effective for restoring desert ecosystems but may have little effect on the soil nutrient content.  相似文献   

Modeling the Warming Impact of Urban Land Expansion on Hot Weather Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: A Case Study of Beijing,China     

Xiaojuan LIU  Guangjin TIAN  Jinming FENG  Bingran MA  Jun WANG  Lingqiang KONG 《大气科学进展》2018,35(6):723-736

The impacts of three periods of urban land expansion during 1990–2010 on near-surface air temperature in summer in Beijing were simulated in this study, and then the interrelation between heat waves and urban warming was assessed. We ran the sensitivity tests using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a single urban canopy model,as well as high-resolution land cover data. The warming area expanded approximately at the same scale as the urban land expansion. The average regional warming induced by urban expansion increased but the warming speed declined slightly during 2000–2010. The smallest warming occurred at noon and then increased gradually in the afternoon before peaking at around 2000 LST—the time of sunset. In the daytime, urban warming was primarily caused by the decrease in latent heat flux at the urban surface. Urbanization led to more ground heat flux during the day and then more release at night, which resulted in nocturnal warming. Urban warming at night was higher than that in the day, although the nighttime increment in sensible heat flux was smaller. This was because the shallower planetary boundary layer at night reduced the release efficiency of near-surface heat. The simulated results also suggested that heat waves or high temperature weather enhanced urban warming intensity at night. Heat waves caused more heat to be stored in the surface during the day, greater heat released at night, and thus higher nighttime warming. Our results demonstrate a positive feedback effect between urban warming and heat waves in urban areas.  相似文献   

2016年10月我国降水预测失败的原因分析     

章大全  陈丽娟  柳艳菊  柯宗建 《气象》2018,44(1):189-198

本文回顾了2016年10月降水业务预报中考虑的动力模式预测信息、前兆信号及其影响。2016年10月全国平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期最多,且环流形势和要素分布特征在月内均发生明显转折。业务发布预报在华北南部、黄淮、江淮、江汉等地降水异常与实况存在较大差异,同时对月内环流形势调整及降水变率估计不足。数值模式预报和物理因子诊断预测与实况的对比分析表明,环流形势整体分布特征预报与实况较为一致,但对西太平洋副热带高压等环流因子的强度、西伸脊点位置以及月内变率的预报与实况存在较大差异。从大气对热带海温信号的滞后响应以及同期相关分析表明,El Nino事件次年秋季副热带高压往往持续偏强偏北。10月赤道太平洋东冷西暖,暖池区对流活跃,东亚上空出现的异常经向环流圈通过低层径向风异常及异常辐合辐散,在日本岛附近形成反气旋式环流距平,也有利于副热带高压加强北抬。9、10月热带印度洋偶极子负位相有利于印缅槽加强,从而有利于水汽向我国东部地区输送。来自副热带高压外围的异常东南水汽和来自西南的水汽共同输送到我国中东部地区,并与南下冷空气交汇产生异常水汽辐合,造成这些地区降水明显偏多。此外10月热带对流活动依然活跃,台风的生成、登陆个数均较常年偏多,是我国东南沿海降水偏多的主要原因。  相似文献   

净举力对探空高度的影响分析 —— 以贵阳探空站为例          下载免费PDF全文

闵昌红  吴兴洋  翁玲  何肖国  柯利平 《中低纬山地气象》2018,42(5):60-64

利用贵阳探空站2014—2016年L波段高空资料,运用净举力公式、绝热方程和统计分析等方法对贵阳影响探空高度的升速及净举力因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)本站平均升速均 400 m·min~(-1),19时高于07时,探空高度19时比07时低427 m。(2)从地面到850 h Pa,实际升速小于标准密度升速,850 h Pa以上,实际升速大于标准密度升速,至10 h Pa附近,升速接近地面层附近两倍,平均每上升1 km增大约3%。(3)从净举力分析来看,业务工作中忽略日变化和季节变化因素,今后探测工作中,无雨、阴天、多云天气应少300～500 g,秋冬比春夏少300～700 g为宜。(4)净举力偏高从而降低了探测高度,通常控制在1 600～2 300 g之间为宜,平均升速可控制在360～400 m·min~(-1)。净举力分别为1 600 g、2 000 g、2 300 g,探测高度可在目前基础上提高约3 100 m、1 600 m、800 m。  相似文献   

近40年来的中国人口地理学——一个跨学科研究领域的进展①     

朱宇  丁金宏  王桂新  沈建法  林李月  柯文前 《地理科学进展》2017,36(4):466-482

本文对20世纪80年代以来中国人口地理学的发展进行了全面综述。尽管近年来中国人口地理学在地理学科领域给人留下的是萧条、甚至被边缘化的印象,但从跨学科的角度看,该学科还是取得了巨大进展。人口地理学者在复兴中国的人口学研究中发挥了不可或缺的作用,并在这一跨学科研究领域中占据了重要地位。人口地理学者从地理学的视角出发,在人口迁移流动、城镇化、人口分布、人口与资源和环境之间的关系、老龄化、婚姻模式和移民犯罪等众多人口问题的研究上作出了重要贡献,尤其是在人口迁移流动研究和人口城镇化若干问题的研究中占据着领先地位。中国人口地理学者自20世纪80年代以来与社会科学领域学者间的交流互动不断增加,在促进学科发展的同时,也出现了一种逐渐偏离主流人文地理学的倾向;今后,中国人口地理学应更多地回归地理学领域,在人口学和人文地理学两个领域间寻求健康、平衡的定位,以促进其在跨学科领域中获得进一步发展。  相似文献   

提高激光跟踪仪测量精度的措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于成浩  柯明  赵振堂 《测绘科学》2007,32(2):54-56

激光跟踪仪是近年来得到广泛应用的精密测量仪器,其精度受环境、仪器自身及操作三种因素的影响非常大。但在实际工作中,经常出现对某个因素考虑不周的情况,使得测量成果受到较大影响。本文在对各种因素分析的基础上,给出了提高测量精度应该采取的措施,以期对广大仪器操作者有所裨益,取得更好的测量成果。  相似文献   

A New Method of Significance Testing for Correlation-Coefficient Fields and Its Application     

Xiaojuan SUN  Siyan LI  Julian XL WANG  Panxing WANG  Dong GUO 《大气科学进展》2022,39(3):529-535

Correlation-coefficient fields are widely used in short-term climate prediction research. The most frequently used significance test method for the correlation-coefficient field was proposed by Livezey, in which the number of significantcorrelation lattice(station) points on the correlation coherence map is used as the statistic. However, the method is based on two assumptions:(1) the spatial distribution of the lattice(station) points is uniform;and(2) there is no correlation between the physical quantities in the correlation-coefficient field. However, in reality, the above two assumptions are not valid.Therefore, we designed a more reasonable method for significance testing of the correlation-coefficient field. Specifically, a new statistic, the significant-correlation area, is introduced to eliminate the inhomogeneity of the grid(station)-point distribution, and an empirical Monte Carlo method is employed to eliminate the spatial correlation of the matrix.Subsequently, the new significance test was used for simultaneous correlation-coefficient fields between intensities of the atmospheric activity center in the Northern Hemisphere and temperature/precipitation in China. The results show that the new method is more reasonable than the Livezey method.  相似文献   

多分辨率地震信号反褶积   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

章珂  李衍达  刘贵忠  贾玉兰 《地球物理学报》1999,42(4):529-535

基于二进小波变换提出了一种新的反褶积方法─-多分辨率地震信号反褶积．在地震信号二进小波变换域中的各尺度上分别进行其分辨率随小波尺度变化的反褶积,利用不同分辨率反褶积结果之间的相关性,以及测量噪声随尺度的衰减特性,从低分辨率反褶积结果逼近高分辨率反褶积结果．理论分析和实验表明,该方法有较高的精度,并且在较低信噪比情况下有好的效果．  相似文献   

微曝气垂直流湿地处理城郊低浓度生活污水模拟实验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柯凡  王磊  李海英  潘继征  夏天翔  李文朝 《湖泊科学》2008,20(2):257-262

本文提出微曝气垂直流湿地的概念,并通过柱状模型实验模拟研究了其对云南滇池流域城郊低浓度生活污水的处理效果.测定了模型的氧利用效率,最高为14.04%.在高水力负荷15.29m3/(m2·d)、气水比1:2的条件下,BOD5和NI4-N去除率分别为74.4%和63.5%,出水平均含量分别为4.96mg/L和272mg/L.结果说明,微曝气垂直流湿地工艺能满足低浓度生活污水高水力负荷的处理要求,微曝气耗能折价O.04-0.05元/m3.  相似文献   

近场动力学理论在区域地面沉降建模中的应用研究     

张可  宫辉力  李小娟  朱琳  王彻  陈蓓蓓  和继军  郭琳  吕明苑  闫倩蒙  李江涛 《地球信息科学学报》2023,25(1):49-62

地面沉降是由自然和人类活动共同作用导致的缓变性地质灾害,是区域可持续发展的重要影响因素。以往地面沉降在建模时需要地裂缝等不连续结构的位置、走向、深度等信息,在构建微分方程模拟时需假设模型连续,这对开展地面沉降-地裂缝-地面塌陷一体化模拟带来一定的局限性。于2000年出现的近场动力学理论提出以积分形式描述材料受力过程,方法具有无需先验知识与连续性假设的优点,在材料的疲劳、损伤、断裂等模拟研究中展现出良好的应用前景。本文综述了其在岩石水力压裂、滑坡、饱水岩土材料等领域的研究进展;提出了应用近场动力学进行区域地面沉降建模求解的一般方法;结合InSAR技术获取的沉降信息、三维地震频谱谐振勘探技术获取的地下结构与密度信息等,提出了模型的反演调参与优化方法。以北京东部梨园-台湖镇-张家湾镇区域为实验区,建立了其4 km×6 km范围、0.2 km深度的近场动力学地面沉降模型,以实验区地下水位月均下降速率为边界条件,对2007—2010年地面沉降过程进行模拟。模拟结果与实测值的平均绝对误差为18 mm,表明近场动力学在地面沉降建模中有较好的适用性。  相似文献