Changes in seasonality and timing of peak streamflow in snow and semi‐arid climates of the north‐central United States, 1910–2012          下载免费PDF全文

Karen R. Ryberg  F. Adnan Akyüz  Gregg J. Wiche  Wei Lin 《水文研究》2016,30(8):1208-1218

Changes in the seasonality and timing of annual peak streamflow in the north‐central USA are likely because of changes in precipitation and temperature regimes. A source of long‐term information about flood events across the study area is the U.S. Geological Survey peak streamflow database. However, one challenge of answering climate‐related questions with this dataset is that even in snowmelt‐dominated areas, it is a mixed population of snowmelt/spring rain generated peaks and summer/fall rain generated peaks. Therefore, a process was developed to divide the annual peaks into two populations, or seasons, snowmelt/spring, and summer/fall. The two series were then tested for the hypotheses that because of changes in precipitation regimes, the odds of summer/fall peaks have increased and, because of temperature changes, snowmelt/spring peaks happen earlier. Over climatologically and geographically similar regions in the north‐central USA, logistic regression was used to model the odds of getting a summer/fall peak. When controlling for antecedent wet and dry conditions and geographical differences, the odds of summer/fall peaks occurring have increased across the study area. With respect to timing within the seasons, trend analysis showed that in northern portions of the study region, snowmelt/spring peaks are occurring earlier. The timing of snowmelt/spring peaks in three regions in the northern part of the study area is earlier by 8.7– 14.3 days. These changes have implications for water interests, such as potential changes in lead‐time for flood forecasting or changes in the operation of flood‐control dams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Using stable isotopes to identify major flow pathways in a permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope during summer rainfall period     

Xiong Xiao  Fan Zhang  Xiaoyan Li  Chen Zeng  Xiaonan Shi  Huawu Wu  Muhammad Dodo Jagirani  Tao Che 《水文研究》2020,34(5):1104-1116

Global warming has leaded to permafrost degradation, with potential impacts on the runoff generation processes of permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope. Stable isotopes have the potential to trace the complex runoff generation processes. In this study, precipitation, hillslope surface and subsurface runoff, stream water, and mobile soil water (MSW) at different hillslope positions and depths were collected during the summer rainfall period to analyse the major flow pathway based on stable isotopic signatures. The results indicated that (a) compared with precipitation, the δ²H values of MSW showed little temporal variation but strong heterogeneity with enriched isotopic ratios at lower hillslope positions and in deeper soil layers. (b) The δ²H values of middle-slope surface runoff and shallow subsurface flow were similar to those of precipitation and MSW of the same soil layer, respectively. (c) Middle-slope shallow subsurface flow was the major flow pathway of the permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope, which turned into surface runoff at the riparian zone before contributing to the streamflow. (d) The slight variation of δ²H values in stream water was shown to be related to mixing processes of new water (precipitation, 2%) and old water (middle-slope shallow subsurface flow, 98%) in the highly transmissive shallow thawed soil layers. It was inferred that supra-permafrost water levels would be lowered to a less conductive, deeper soil layer under further warming and thawing permafrost, which would result in a declined streamflow and delayed runoff peak. This study explained the “rapid mobilization of old water” paradox in permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope and improved our understanding of permafrost hillslope hydrology in alpine regions.  相似文献   

Improving soil moisture accounting and streamflow prediction in SWAT by incorporating a modified time‐dependent Curve Number method          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Adnan Rajib  Venkatesh Merwade 《水文研究》2016,30(4):603-624

The objective of this study is to incorporate a time‐dependent Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) based Curve Number method (SMA_CN) in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and compare its performance with the existing CN method in SWAT by simulating the hydrology of two agricultural watersheds in Indiana, USA. Results show that fusion of the SMA_CN method causes decrease in runoff volume and increase in profile soil moisture content, associated with larger groundwater contribution to the streamflow. In addition, the higher amount of moisture in the soil profile slightly elevates the actual evapotranspiration. The SMA‐based SWAT configuration consistently produces improved goodness‐of‐fit scores and less uncertain outputs with respect to streamflow during both calibration and validation. The SMA_CN method exhibits a better match with the observed data for all flow regimes, thereby addressing issues related to peak and low flow predictions by SWAT in many past studies. Comparison of the calibrated model outputs with field‐scale soil moisture observations reveals that the SMA overhauling enables SWAT to represent soil moisture condition more accurately, with better response to the incident rainfall dynamics. While the results from the modification of the CN method in SWAT are promising, more studies including watersheds with various physical and climatic settings are needed to validate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Investigation of landslides with natural lineaments derived from integrated manual and automatic techniques applied on geospatial data     

Sadiq  Simon  Muhammad  Umar  Fuchs  Michael 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):2141-2162

Lineament extraction has long been performed through extensive field mapping. Recent advances in the field of remote sensing have made possible the availability of imageries from earth observation satellites with different Spatio-temporal resolutions, paving way for new automatic, semi-automatic, and manual techniques for the extraction of natural lineaments. The study focuses on the extraction of lineaments representing tectonic fault zones; the lineaments are extracted automatically and semi-automatically/manually. Results show that indirect information about the tectonic lineaments can be derived through automatic techniques whereas, the semi-automatic techniques are more effective to directly identify them. Detailed analyses of lineaments and landslides revealed that areas near lineaments, in general, experienced higher frequency of landslides. Moreover, it is also observed that lineaments are not the only factor that affects landslide density; other parameters like slope and lithology were also found to be the controlling factors in determining the spatial landslide distribution. Lastly, some recommendations have been made based on observations.

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Climatology of dust storm frequency and its association with temperature and precipitation patterns over Pakistan     

Dar  Mehwish Aziz  Ahmed  Rehan  Latif  Muhammad  Azam  Muhammad 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(1):655-677

Natural Hazards - Diversified topography and uneven distribution of both temperature and precipitation contribute to formation of suitable synoptic conditions for incidents of dust storm (DS). This...  相似文献   

软弱泥质砂岩地层中输水隧洞稳定性研究     

Muhammad Usman Azhar  周辉  杨凡杰  高阳  朱勇  路新景  房后国  耿轶君 《岩土力学》2022,43(Z2):626-639

泥质砂岩属于黏土岩,具有典型的遇水软化特征。在泥质砂岩富水地层中进行隧道开挖是地下工程的一个挑战性问题。研究了围岩软化与未软化条件下泥质砂岩地层中输水隧洞的稳定性和支护时间。首先,介绍了泥质砂岩遇水软化的力学试验结果;然后,采用基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的岩体参数评价方法,评估泥质砂岩在围岩软化与未软化条件下的力学参数;再后,以兰州水源地引水隧洞为依托工程,采用数值模拟方法对泥质砂岩隧洞软化与未软化工况的围岩稳定性进行了计算分析,得出泥质砂岩遇水软化对隧洞安全性存在显著影响;最后,采用位移收敛法,研究了泥质砂岩软化与未软化工况中,保障隧洞施工安全的合理支护时机。研究表明,泥质砂岩未软化工况中,可考虑隧道围岩初期支护在距掌子面4～5 m位置实施;而在泥质砂岩遇水软化工况中,初期支护建议在掌子面开挖后立刻支护。研究成果可为泥质砂岩地层隧洞的安全施工提供依据。  相似文献   

Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Dibdibba aquifer using hydrogeochemical and isotope techniques (Basrah Province,Iraq)     

Al-Mallah  Inass A.  Al-Qurnawi  Wasan S.  Ghalib  Hussein B.  Al Hawash  Adnan B.  Abdulameer  Mariam H. 《中国地球化学学报》2022,41(5):823-838

Acta Geochimica - The Dibdibba aquifer is considered to be the main source in the Al-Zubair area because agriculture depends on it to provide grazing water in the area. The groundwater well samples...  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation and dynamic analysis of a multiphase ice-rock avalanche on July 5, 2021, in the upper Naltar valley,Gilgit, Pakistan     

Gardezi  Hasnain  Xing  Aiguo  Bilal  Muhammad  Zhuang  Yu  Muhammad  Shoaib  Janjua  Shahmir 《Landslides》2022,19(2):451-463

Landslides - On July 5, 2021, a catastrophic rock avalanche hit an area in the upper Naltar valley, located in northwestern Gilgit, Pakistan. The 14 Mm3 rock mass flowed down the hillslope and...  相似文献   

Integration of Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and 3D Geostatistical Modeling of Pliocene–Pleistocene Delta,F3 Block,Netherlands     

Haris Ahmed KHAN  Ali Asghar SHAHID  Muhammad Jahangir KHAN  Taher ZOUAGHI  Maria Dolores ALVAREZ  Syed Danial Mehdi NAQVI 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(1):256-268

This research is focused on the analysis of the sequence stratigraphic units of F3 Block, within a wave-dominated delta of Plio–Pleistocene age. Three wells of F3 block and a 3D seismic data, are utilized in this research. The conventional techniques of 3D seismic interpretation were utilized to mark the 11 surfaces on the seismic section. Integration of seismic sequence stratigraphic interpretation, using well logs, and subsequent 3D geostatistical modeling, using seismic data, aided to evaluat...  相似文献   

Rock Physics Modeling and Reservoir Characterization to Estimate Hydrocarbon Zone of Cretaceous and Paleocene Strata and Subsurface Stratigraphic Correlation of Sulaiman Fold Belt to Sulaiman Depression     

Rehman  Saif ur  Umar  Muhammad  Ehsan  Muhammad Irfan  Munawar  Muhammad Jawad  Miraj  Muhammad Armaghan Faisal  Ullah  Muhammad Fahad 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2023,507(3):S446-S456

Doklady Earth Sciences - The research work involves rock physics modeling and reservoir characterization of Suliman fold belt to sulamain fold depression. This area is a brighter zone for...  相似文献