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51.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines in small cetaceans from Hong Kong waters: levels, profiles and distribution 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in the blubber, liver and kidney of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in Hong Kong coastal waters during 1995–2001. Among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, DDTs were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 9.9 to 470 μg/g lipid wt. PBDEs in Hong Kong cetaceans, which are reported for the first time, were detected in all the samples with values ranging from 0.23 to 6.0 μg/g lipid wt., with a predominance of BDE-47. Results from this study suggest PBDEs should be classified as priority pollutants in Asia. Higher concentrations were found in humpback dolphins than in finless porpoises, and this was attributed mainly to differences in habitat. Elevated residues of PCBs and DDTs in some cetaceans suggest these species may be at risk. 相似文献
52.
Boris R. Tagirov Stefano Salvi Nina N. Baranova 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(8):2119-2132
The solubility of gold was measured in KCl solutions (0.001-0.1 m) at near-neutral to weakly acidic pH in the presence of the K-feldspar-muscovite-quartz, andalusite-muscovite-quartz, and pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite buffers at temperatures 350 to 500°C and pressures 0.5 and 1 kbar. These mineral buffers were used to simultaneously constrain pH, f(S2), and f(H2). The experiments were performed using a CORETEST flexible Ti-cell rocking hydrothermal reactor enabling solution sampling at experimental conditions. Measured log m(Au) (mol/kg H2O) ranges from −7.5 at weakly acid pH to −5.9 in near-neutral solutions, and increases slightly with temperature. Gold solubility in weakly basic and near-neutral solutions decreases with decreasing pH at all temperatures, which implies that Au(HS)2 is the dominant Au species in solution. In more acidic solutions, solubility is independent of pH. Comparison of the experimentally measured solubilities with literature values for Au hydrolysis constants demonstrates that at 350°C dominates Au aqueous speciation at the weakly acidic pH and f(S2)/f(H2) conditions imposed by the pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite buffer. In contrast, at temperatures >400°C becomes less important and predominates in weakly acid solutions. Solubility data collected in this study were used to calculate the following equilibrium reaction constants:
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利用中国国家级地面气象站逐时降水资料,采用地理加权回归(Geographically Weighted Regression,GWR)模型系统分析了中国中东部暖季降水与海拔高度的关系,并将二者关系作为一种客观标准,评估了ECMWF-IFS模式对2017年暖季降水的预报能力。主要结论如下:(1)总体来看,中国中东部降水频率(强度)随海拔高度升高而增加(减小),二者在不同地区的贡献程度不同导致降水量与海拔高度关系的区域差异显著。(2)通过对比午后短时和夜间长时降水事件与海拔高度关系的差异,发现午后短时降水事件的降水量主要随海拔高度升高而增加,且以降水频率与海拔高度关系的贡献为主。而夜间长时降水事件的降水量与海拔高度关系的区域一致性较差。相较于午后短时降水事件,夜间长时降水事件中有更多站点表现出降水量随海拔高度升高而减小的特征,在大地形周边陡峭地形处的站点所表现出的此种差异较东部孤立地形处更加显著。(3)根据ECMWF-IFS模式的评估结果,模式能够较好地刻画出中国中东部2017年暖季降水气候态的空间分布特征,且与观测具有较大的空间相关系数。但从降水与海拔高度关系来看,观测与模式的空间相关性偏弱。此外,模式能够表现出降水强度(频率)主要随海拔高度升高而减小(增加)的特征,但绝大多数站点在模式中的降水强度(频率)与海拔高度的负(正)回归关系要弱(强)于观测结果。 相似文献
56.
We use the spherical evolution approximation to investigate non-linear evolution from the non-Gaussian initial conditions characteristic of the local f nl model. We provide an analytic formula for the non-linearly evolved probability distribution function (PDF) of the dark matter which shows that the underdense tail of the non-linear PDF in the f nl model should differ significantly from that for Gaussian initial conditions. Measurements of the underdense tail in numerical simulations may be affected by discreteness effects, and we use a Poisson counting model to describe this effect. Once this has been accounted, our model is in good quantitative agreement with the simulations. In principle, our calculation is an important first step in programs which seek to reconstruct the shape of the initial PDF from observations of large-scale structures in the Lyα forest and the galaxy distribution at later times. 相似文献
57.
Marbles from the Pohorje area in Slovenia are investigated by mineralogical-petrographical analyses of thin sections as well as by cathodoluminescence in order to detect their local variability in texture and mineral assemblages. The CL colours observed in a cold cathode device are related to the manganese contents. An attempt is made to relate the textures seen under CL to mineral reactions during the process of metamorphism. The predominantly calcite marbles from Pohorje exhibit orange luminescence with some dolomite lenses with red luminescence. The typical mineral assemblages are calcite+tremolite+phlogopite or calcite+dolomite+tremolite+phlogopite. Therefore, the estimated temperature from the stability of mineral assemblage is assumed at approximately 500 °C. 相似文献
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We introduce the freely available web-based Water in an Agricultural Landscape—NUčice Database (WALNUD) dataset that includes both hydrological and meteorological records at the Nučice experimental catchment (0.53 km2), which is representative of an intensively farmed landscape in the Czech Republic. The Nučice experimental catchment was established in 2011 for the observation of rainfall–runoff processes, soil erosion processes, and water balance of a cultivated landscape. The average altitude is 401 m a.s.l., the mean land slope is 3.9%, and the climate is humid continental (mean annual temperature 7.9°C, annual precipitation 630 mm). The catchment is drained by an artificially straightened stream and consists of three fields covering over 95% of the area which are managed by two different farmers. The typical crops are winter wheat, rapeseed, and alfalfa. The installed equipment includes a standard meteorological station, several rain gauges distributed across the basin, and a flume with an H-type facing that is used to monitor stream discharge, water turbidity, and basic water quality indicators. Additionally, the groundwater level and soil water content at various depths near the stream are recorded. Recently, large-scale soil moisture monitoring efforts have been introduced with the installation of two cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture monitoring. The datasets consist of observed variables (e.g. measured precipitation, air temperature, stream discharge, and soil moisture) and are available online for public use. The cross-seasonal, open access datasets at this small-scale agricultural catchment will benefit not only hydrologists but also local farmers. 相似文献
60.
Nina Kirchner Riko Noormets Jakob Kuttenkeuler Elias Strandell Erstorp Erik Schytt Holmlund Gunhild Rosqvist Per Holmlund Marika Wennbom Torbjrn Karlin 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(6):452-462
In Arctic alpine regions, glacio‐lacustrine environments respond sensitively to variations in climate conditions, impacting, for example,glacier extent and rendering former ice‐contact lakes into ice distal lakes and vice versa. Lakefloors may hold morphological records of past glacier extent, but remoteness and long periods of ice cover on such lakes make acquisition of high‐resolution bathymetric datasets challenging. Lake Tarfala and Kebnepakte Glacier, located in the Kebnekaise mountains, northern Sweden, comprise a small, dynamic glacio‐lacustrine system holding a climate archive that is not well studied. Using an autonomous surface vessel, a high‐resolution bathymetric dataset for Lake Tarfala was acquired in 2016, from which previously undiscovered end moraines and a potential grounding line feature were identified. For Kebnepakte Glacier, structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry was used to reconstruct its shape from photographs taken in 1910 and 1945. Combining these methods connects the glacial landform record identified at the lakefloor with the centennial‐scale dynamic behaviour of Kebnepakte Glacier. During its maximum 20th century extent, attained c. 1910, Kebnepakte Glacier reached far into Lake Tarfala, but had retreated onto land by 1945, at an average of 7.9 m year–1. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献