Removal of Acetic Acid from Dimethyl Terephthalate Manufacturing Wastewater with Ion Exchange          下载免费PDF全文

Omer Zeki  Turan Yilmaz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(8)

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Variation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Rainwater Harvesting Systems: Effects of Seasons,Catchments and Storage Conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Mohsin Nawaz  Muhammad Tahir Amin  Mooyoung Han  Abdulrahman Ali Alazba  Umair Manzoor  Muhammad Nasir Amin 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(7):893-900

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GPR Signatures of Pipes and Walls with Emphasis on the Effect of Inclined Scanning Trajectory     

Mohmad Mohsin Thakur  Amit Prashant 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(5):1977-1989

This study investigates the effects of some commonly encountered constraints such as inclined scanning trajectory, multiple targets in the vicinity and material variation on GPR responses of pipes and walls. Further, the effects of wall inclination and broken walls are also explored in GPR signatures. Interpretation of such signatures in GPR data for archaeological and geotechnical surveys has been a challenge. A physical model was created to simulate buried pipes and walls under controlled conditions by maintaining density and moisture content of the soil medium. The presence of PVC pipes, plastered brick and stone walls buried in the dry sand have been investigated and major observations have been reported. The inclined scanning trajectory on buried pipes shows a change in curvature of hyperbola-like signatures. Inclined transects near the ends of pipes and walls manifest single limb GPR signatures. The responses of multiple pipes and walls show dependence on separation of targets and footprint of an antenna. One can discern stone walls from brick walls by recognizing the diffraction of waves by irregular stones in GPR responses. The signatures of walls differ from pipes with respect to the width of the apex and variation in the intensity in the limb.  相似文献   

Application of snowmelt runoff model for water resource management   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohsin Jamil Butt  Muhammad Bilal 《水文研究》2011,25(24):3735-3747

Snow‐covered areas (SCAs) are the fundamental source of water for the hydrological cycle for some region. Accurate measurements of river discharge from snowmelt can help manage much needed water required for hydropower generation and irrigation purposes. This study aims to apply the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) in the Upper Indus basin by the Astore River in northern Pakistan for the years 2000 to 2006. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data are used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the region. Various variables (snow cover depletion curves (SCDCs), temperature and precipitation) and parameters (degree‐day factor, recession coefficient, runoff coefficients, time lag, critical temperature and temperature lapse rate) are used as input in the SRM. However, snow cover data are direct and an important input to the SRM. Satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are used to estimate the SCA. Normalized difference snow index (NDSI) algorithm is applied for snow cover mapping and to differentiate snow from other land features. Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of determination (R²) and volume difference (D_V) are used for quality assessment of the SRM. The results of the current research show that for the study years (2000–2006), the average value of R² is 0·87 and average volume difference D_V is 1·18%. The correlation coefficient between measured and computed runoff is 0·95. The results of the study further show that a high level of accuracy can be achieved during the snowmelt season. The simulation results endorse that the SRM in conjunction with MODIS snow cover product is very useful for water resource management in the Astore River and can be used for runoff forecasts in the Indus River basin in northern Pakistan. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Petrography,geochemistry, and provenance of the Chalki rocks in Kurdistan region,North Iraq     

Sarmad Asi Ali  Muhamed Fakhri Omer  Ahmed Mohammed Aqrawi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):524

Outcrops of the Paleozoic Chalki volcanic rocks are restricted to part of the northern Thrust Zone of Iraq close to Iraqi-Turkish border. Petrographically, the volcanic rocks from the Chalki area are mainly layered, appearing fresh in the field and exhibiting some basaltic lava flows. Porphyritic, amygdaloidal, and microlite-porphyric are the main observed textures. Phenocrysts of primary phases (i.e., olivine, iron oxides) are in a groundmass of feldspars and clinopyroxene. Chalki Formation is intercalated with Pirispiki Formation which consists of thin to medium bedded, greenish gray marl, red mudstone, and veins of calcite. The Chalki rocks are mafic of theolitic basalt type. Geochemically, they have high chromium and nickel concentrations in most samples. Rare earth element (REE) patterns illustrate parallel to sub-parallel, moderately fractionated REE patterns. The low heavy REE (HREE) contents in the studied samples appear to be due to partial melting of metamorphosed oceanic crust leaving HREE-rich accessory minerals (i.e., garnet) as a residual phase in the source. No Eu anomalies were observed in the Chalki samples which may indicate a back-arc basin pattern. The non-subduction signature of the Chalki rocks is confirmed by the Nb/Yb versus Th/Yb diagram, which shows that most of the studied rocks fall in the compositional field of non-arc-related rocks—well within the field of the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-ocean island basalt (OIB) mantle array.  相似文献   

Hydrological structure of waters of the persian gulf according to the data of observations in 1992     

W. Abdel-Monim Mubarak  A. I. Kubryakov 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(5):459-471

We describe the hydrological structure of waters of the Persian Gulf and its seasonal variability according to the data of CTD surveys carried out in February–June 1992 in the course of the cruises of the NOAA R/VMt. Mitchell aimed at the analysis of the consequences of the ecological catastrophe caused by the spread of oil spots formed as a result of war operations in the Persian Gulf in 1991. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

Simple generalization approach for intensity–duration–frequency relationships          下载免费PDF全文

Omer L. Asikoglu  Ertugrul Benzeden 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1114-1123

Rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) relationships describe rainfall intensity as a function of duration and return period, and they are significant for water resources planning, as well as for the design of hydraulic constructions. In this study, the two‐parameter lognormal (LN2) and Gumbel distributions are used as parent distribution functions. Derivation of the IDF relationship by this approach is quite simple, because it only requires an appropriate function of the mean of annual maximum rainfall intensity as a function of rainfall duration. It is shown that the monotonic temporal trend in the mean rainfall intensity can successfully be described by this parametric function which comprises a combination of the parameters of the quantile function a(T) and completely the duration function b(d) of the separable IDF relationship. In the case study of Aegean Region (Turkey), the IDF relationships derived through this simple generalization procedure (SGP) may produce IDF relationships as successfully as does the well‐known robust estimation procedure (REP), which is based on minimization of the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test statistic with respect to the parameters θ and η of the duration function. Because the approach proposed herein is based on lower‐order sample statistics, risks and uncertainties arising from sampling errors in higher‐order sample statistics were significantly reduced. The authors recommend to establish the separable IDF relationships by the SGP for a statistically favorable two‐parameter parent distribution, because it uses the same assumptions as the REP does, it maintains the observed temporal trend in the mean additionally, it is easy to handle analytically and requires considerably less computational effort. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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Nurdane Ilbeyli  M. Selman Aydogan  Omer Akinci  Ismet Ozgenc 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(1):383-383

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agro-Ecosystems and Their Contribution to Environmental Change in the Indus Basin of Pakistan     

M. Mohsin IQBAL  M. Arif GOHEER 《大气科学进展》2008,25(6):1043-1052

There is growing concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been responsible for global warming through their effect on radiation balance and temperature. The magnitude of emissions and the relative importance of different sources vary widely, regionally and locally. The Indus Basin of Pakistan is the food basket of the country and agricultural activities are vulnerable to the effects of global warming due to accelerated emissions of GHGs. Many developments have taken place in the agricultural sector of Pakistan in recent decades in the background of the changing role of the government and the encouragement of the private sector for investment in new ventures. These interventions have considerable GHG emission potential. Unfortunately, no published information is currently available on GHG concentrations in the Indus Basin to assess their magnitude and emission trends. The present study is an attempt to estimate GHG （CO2, CH4 and N2O） emissions arising from different agro-ecosystems of Indus Basin. The GHGs were estimated mostly using the IPCC Guidelines and data from the published literature. The results showed that CH4 emissions were the highest （4.126 Tg yr^-1） followed by N20 （0.265 Tg yr^-1） and CO2 （52.6 Tg yr^-1）. The sources of CH4 are enteric fermentation, rice cultivation and cultivation of other crops. N2O is formed by microbial denitrification of NO3 produced from applied fertilizer-N on cropped soils or by mineralization of native organic matter on fallow soils. CO2 is formed by the burning of plant residue and by soil respiration due to the decomposition of soil organic matter.  相似文献   

Focus on groundwater in Sudan     

Abdeen Omer 《Environmental Geology》2002,41(8):972-976

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