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991.
Livelihood strategy change and land use change —Case of Danzam Village in upper Dadu River watershed, Tibetan Plateau of China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Land use change in rural China since the 1980s, induced by institution reforms, urbanization, industrialization and population
increase, has received more attention. However, case studies on how institution reforms affect farmers’ livelihood strategies
and drive land use change are scarce. By means of cropland plots investigations and interviews with farmers, this study examines
livelihood strategy change and land use change in Danzam Village of Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed, eastern
Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that, during the collective system period, as surplus labor forces could not be transferred
to the secondary and tertiary industries, they had to choose agricultural involution as their livelihood strategy, then the
farmers had to produce more grains by land reclamation, increasing multiple cropping index, improving input of labor, fertilizer,
pesticide and adopting advanced agricultural techniques. During the household responsibility system period, as labors being
transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, farmers chose livelihood diversification strategy. Therefore, labor
input to grain planting was greatly reduced, which drove the transformation of grain to horticulture, vegetable or wasteland
and decrease of multiple cropping index. This study provides a new insight into understanding linkages among institution reforms,
livelihood strategy of smallholders and land use change in rural China.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40601006, 40471009), National Basic
Research Program of China (No. 2005CB422006) 相似文献
992.
基于概念分析的空间数据挖掘研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
空间数据挖掘的过程与空间概念形成和分析的过程密切相关.本文以空间数据中抽取出各层次、各粒度的概念为主线,以概念形成和分析的形式化理论--概念格和云模型为理论基础,总结了基于概念分析的空间数据挖掘方法及应用,包括概念格的空间关联规则挖掘方法及应用、概念格的概念聚类挖掘方法及应用、云模型的空间关联规则挖掘方法及应用、云模型的空间聚类/分类挖掘方法及应用等.概念格提供了一种形式化的概念描述和概念结构分析的理论和方法,云模型提供了一种综合处理模糊性、随机性以及二者之间关联性的不确定性理论和方法,利用概念格、云模型等形式化的理论和方法分析和描述空间数据挖掘过程中空间概念的形成、空间概念的结构关系、空间概念之间以及空间概念层次之间的不确定性是概念分析的空间数据挖掘研究的进一步的研究方向. 相似文献
993.
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????AR?????????????????????????????????????AIC?????AR????????????????????,AR??4?????????????????????AR(4)???????????δ??10??????????????????? 相似文献
994.
995.
雪宝顶矿床位于四川省的松潘甘孜造山带中,以出产大颗粒含W-Sn-Be-F-P的矿物而闻名,前人对该矿床已经开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对粗粒矿物的主次痕量元素研究.本次研究采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电子探针(EMPA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术对矿床中各矿物的主次痕量元素进行测试分析.结果显示,雪宝顶矿... 相似文献
996.
997.
Assessment of point and nonpoint sources pollution in Songhua River Basin,Northeast China by using revised water quality model 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Individual participation of pollutants in the pollution load should be estimated even if roughly for the appropriate environmental management of a river basin. It is difficult to identify the sources and to quantify the load, especially in modeling nonpoint source. In this study a revised model was established by integrating point and nonpoint sources into one-dimensional Streeter-Phelps (S-P) model on the basis of real-time hydrologic data and surface water quality monitoring data in the Jilin Reach of the Songhua River Basin. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH_3-N) loads were estimated. Results showed that COD loads of point source and nonpoint source were 134 958 t/yr and 86 209 t/yr, accounting for 61.02% and 38.98% of total loads, respectively. NH_3-N loads of point source and nonpoint source were 16 739 t/yr and 14 272 t/yr, accounting for 53.98% and 46.02%, respectively. Point source pollution was stronger than nonpoint source pollution in the study area at present. The water quality of upstream was better than that of downstream of the rivers and cities. It is indispensable to treat industrial wastewater and municipal sewage out of point sources, to adopt the best management practices to control diffuse pollutants from agricultural land and urban surface runoff in improving water quality of the Songhua River Basin. The revised S-P model can be successfully used to identify pollution source and quantify point source and nonpoint source loads by calibrating and validating. 相似文献
998.
利用2012-12~2014-02获取的13景高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像,采用PSI时序分析技术监测唐山矿地面沉降。该技术以短时空基线为准则生成47幅差分干涉图,选择强度稳定性和频谱相干性较高的相干目标进行时间序列分析,基于最小二乘法获取唐山矿区域相干目标的地面下沉速率和沉降时间序列。结果表明,唐山矿有两个地面沉降中心,分别位于矿区东北和西部方向,最大沉降速率达58.2 mm/a;2013-06~09矿区出现回弹现象,而在其他时间段内地面呈近似线性下沉。通过对比高程误差改正前后的直方图可以发现,本文采用的两次回归分析方法对降低地形残余误差有很好的应用效果。 相似文献
999.
利用岩心物性分析、压汞曲线和镜下分析等资料,研究榆树林油田东16区块扶杨油层的宏、微观特征及二者关系.结果表明:研究区扶杨油层岩性为岩屑长石砂岩,普遍具有碎裂特征,主要孔隙成因类型包括微裂缝、粒间孔、粒内孔和晶间孔,微裂缝对孔隙度的贡献不大,但对渗透率的影响不容忽视.孔隙度主要受孔喉发育程度影响,孔喉半径越大,孔隙度越高.渗透率受反映连通程度的特征结构参数影响较大,二者呈正相关关系,且孔隙度越大,特征结构系数对渗透率的影响越大.退汞效率受特征结构参数影响较大,储层为中孔时,退汞效率随特征结构参数的增大而增大;储层为低孔或特低孔时,退汞效率随特征结构参数的增大而减小.该研究结果对改造低渗储层、提高采收率具有指导意义. 相似文献
1000.
The characteristics of the response of equatorial Pacific upper ocean current to westerly wind bursts(WWB)were analyzed in the frequency domain by using wind and ADCP data collected by the Shiyan3 during TOGA-COARE IOP,1992-1993.The preliminary results showed that the response consistedof an eastward surface jet at shallower than 60m depth,a westward counter current centering near100m and a shear layer between them,with the variations of all three being nonlinear and nearlysynchronous.The oceanic responses in the frequency domain were characterized by occurrences of a remotely forced mixed Rossby-gravity wave with period of 8-10 days in the surface jet andcountercurrent at shallower than 110 m depth,and two locally forced waves with periods of 24 daysand 4-5 days limited in shallower than 70m depth.These fluctuations of the responses depended much more on zonal wind than meridional wind.The results also revealed that the oceanic response toWWB resulted from momentum transport and energy propagation assoc 相似文献