3-D rheologic model of earthquake preparation (I)—Displacement field     

宋治平  尹祥础  梅世蓉 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,(6)

Introduction The rock medium shows mainly elastic character under low-temperature, low-pressure and external force for short duration, yet it shows rheologic property under high-temperature, high-pressure and long-time external force. It is reasonable that the rapid earthquake generating process lasted for tens seconds is analyzed by the elastic theory. As for the earthquake generating process for hundreds or thousand years, nevertheless, the rheologic property of rock must be taken into accou…  相似文献   

Paleocene deep-water sediments and radiolarian faunas: Implications for evolution of Yarlung-Zangbo foreland basin, southern Tibet   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

丁林 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(1)

Only a few Paleocene radiolarian assemblages have been reported, while the Early Paleocene zonal schemes remain poorly delineated. The Early Paleocene on-land radiolarians were described in the Hidaka melange belt of Japan and the North Island of New Zeal…  相似文献   

702 pp., 154 Tafeln und 1 CD-ROM. GebundenD.M. John, B.A. Whitton and A.J. Brook, The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae 1. korrigierter Nachdruck 2003. Preis: Engl. Pfund 75,- (US-Dollar 125,-) (1. Auflage), Cambridge University Press (2002) ISBN 0-521-77051-3.     

The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: 《Limnologica》2003,33(4):375

  相似文献   

Numerical simulations of deformation and movement of blocks within North China in response to 1976 Tangshan earthquake     

Wuming Bai  Banghui Lin  Zu’an’an Chen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(2):141-152

Using methods of discontinuous deformation analysis and finite element (DDA+FEM), this paper simulates dynamic processes of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, which occurred in the northern North China where its internal blocks apparently interacted. Studies focus upon both the movement and deformation of the blocks, in particular, the Ordos block, and variations of stress states on the boundary faults. The Tangshan earthquake was composed of three events: slipping motions of NNE-striking major fault, NE-striking fault near the northeastern end of the NNE-striking fault, and NW-striking fault on the southeastern side of the NNE-striking fault. Compared with previous studies, our model yields a result that is more agreeable with the configuration of aftershock distributions. A number of data are presented, such as the principle stress field during the earthquake, contours of the maximum shear stress, the strike-slip deformation between blocks near the earthquake focus, time-dependent variations of slips of earthquake-triggered faulting, the maximum slip distance, and stress drops. These results are in accord with the earthquake source mechanism, basic parameters from earthquake wave study, macro-isoseismic line, observed horizontal displacement vectors, etc. The Tangshan earthquake exerted different influences on the adjacent blocks and boundary faults between them, thus resulting in differential movement and deformation. The Ordos block seems to have experienced the small-scale counterclockwise rotation and deformation, but its northeast part, bounded on the east by the Taihangshan and on the north by the Yanshan and Yinshan belts, underwent relatively stronger deformation. The Tangshan earthquake also changed the stress state of boundary faults of the North China, leading to an increase in shear stress and a decrease in normal stress in the NW-trending Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault through Tangshan City and the northern border faults of the Ordos block, and therefore raises the potential risk of earthquake occurrence. This result is supported by the facts that a series of Ms ≥ 6 earthquakes took place at the northern margin of the Ordos block after the Tangshan earthquake.  相似文献   

马先蒿属(Pedicularis L.)植物稳定碳同位素组成与环境因子之间的关系   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：8  

冯虎元  安黎哲  陈拓  徐世健  强维亚  刘光  王勋陵 《冰川冻土》2003,25(1):88-93

分析了马先蒿属 (PedicularisL .)植物叶片稳定碳同位素组成 (δ13C值 )特征以及δ13C值与环境因子之间的关系 .结果表明 ,所有样品的δ13C值属于C3植物的范围 ,最大值是碎米蕨叶马先蒿 (Pedic ularischeilanthifoilia) ,- 2 2 .4‰ ,最小值属于黄花鸭首马先蒿 (Pedicularisanasvar .xanthantha) ,- 31.5‰ ,平均值为 - 2 7.1‰ .相关分析表明 ,马先蒿植物叶片的δ13C值与年降水量和湿润度的相关性没有达到显著水平 (P >0 0 5 ) ,与年平均温度和≥ 10℃的总积温呈显著负相关 (P <0 0 5 ) .随着海拔的升高 ,δ13C值增大 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与经度的变化呈负相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而与纬度呈现弱的正相关 (P <0 0 5 )关系 .  相似文献   

青藏铁路抛石路基的温度特性研究   总被引：12，自引：8，他引：12  

赖远明  张鲁新  徐伟泽  米隆 《冰川冻土》2003,25(3):291-296

铁路道渣和片石铺层的对流换热为多孔介质的热传导问题，根据多孔介质中流体热对流的连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程，应用伽辽金法导出了多孔介质对流换热的有限元公式，并对抛石路基和传统道渣路基在未来25a创温度变化进行了预报分析和比较．计算结果表明，在150cm的抛石厚度，片石直径为10cm，年温度较差30℃的倩况下，在路基中心线y＝一5m处，抛石路基下的冻土温度要比传统路基的温度低2．45℃，抛石路基有对其下面的冻土提供冷能的制冷作用，可以保证冻土路基的稳定．因此，推荐该种路基作为青藏铁路高温冻土区的路基结构，可以最大限度地保护冻土区的铁路．  相似文献   

添加剂对土体的加固作用及冻胀防治研究     

邓友生  马巍  何平  周成林 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):644-647

将研制的高分子有机材料作为添加剂，加入到土体中，经过拌和夯实、干燥固结，能够起到稳定和提高土体的强度，并具有低渗透和低吸水等特性．冻胀试验表明：加入添加剂不仅能阻止土体冻胀的产生、外来水源的入侵及水分的迁移，还能隔断土体孔隙之间的联系，使水分在土体孔隙中不能运移，从而达到了防治冻胀的目的。  相似文献   

地震荷载作用下温度和围压对冻土强度影响的试验研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  

吴志坚  马巍  王兰民  程建君  冯文杰 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):648-652

通过对重塑冻结兰州黄土的动三轴试验，较系统研究了地震荷载作用下冻土的动强度特性，并且定量研究了其在不同温度(-2℃、-5℃、-7℃)和围压(1MPa、3MPa、5MPa)条件下的变化规律．结果发现：冻结黄土的动抗剪强度随围压的增大、温度的降低、振次的减少而增大；动粘聚力Cd随振次的减小和温度的降低而增大；动内摩擦角吼随振次的增大和温度的降低而增大。  相似文献   

慕士塔格冰芯钻孔温度测量结果   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

邬光剑  姚檀栋  徐柏青  李真  保翰璋 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):676-679

2002年8月对慕士塔格冰川累积区海拔6300m左右的两根冰芯钻孔(其中—根达到冰川底部基岩)进行了温度测量，揭示了该处冰川的温度分布特征．结果表明：慕士塔格冰芯的冰温是目前中低纬地区山地冰川中最低的，达-21．79℃，该最低温度出现的位置在35m以下；冰床底部的温度为-20．76℃，也远低于其它山地冰川的冰床温度，极低的温度对成冰过程有重要影响，并有利于获得可靠的冰芯记录。  相似文献   

西北四省(区)2000年的水资源足迹   总被引：78，自引：4，他引：78  

龙爱华  徐中民  张志强 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):692-700

水资源足迹是如实反映人类对水资源消费利用的新概念,能深刻揭示社会经济系统对水资源的消费,为干旱缺水地区水资源科学管理提供了一个新视角.提出了水资源足迹的概念和衡量方法,引进了虚拟水概念,简要介绍了产品虚拟水计算方法,并以新疆、青海、甘肃和陕西为例,计算分析了2000年各省水资源足迹.结果表明,2000年西北四省(区)总的水足迹是为613.3×108m3,人均水足迹为712.3m3·人-1·a-1和1952L·人-1·d-1,高于统计的水资源利用量.以虚拟水概念为基础的水资源足迹更真实地衡量了社会经济系统对水资源的消费利用状况,为解决区域水资源短缺和创新水资源管理体制提供了新思路,产品形式的虚拟水贸易是平衡水资源赤字、维持区域水安全的有效工具.  相似文献