GSTARS computer models and their applications, part I： theoretical development   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chih Ted YANG  Francisco J. M. SIMES Borland Prof. of Water Resources  Director of Hydroscience  Training Center  Department of Civil  Environmental Engineering  Colorado State University  Fort Collins  CO -  U. S. A.  Research Hydrologist  US Geological Survey  Geomorphology  Sediment Transport Laboratory  Technology Drive  Suite  Golden  CO  U. S. A. 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(3):197-211

GSTARS is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for alluvial river and reservoir sedimentation studies while the authors were employed by that agency. The first version of GSTARS was released in 1986 using Fortran IV for mainframe computers. GSTARS 2.0 was released in 1998 for personal computer application with most of the code in the original GSTARS revised, improved, and expanded using Fortran IV/77. GSTARS 2.1 is an improved and revised GSTARS 2.0 with graphical user interface. The unique features of all GSTARS models are the conjunctive use of the stream tube concept and of the minimum stream power theory. The application of minimum stream power theory allows the determination of optimum channel geometry with variable channel width and cross-sectional shape. The use of the stream tube concept enables the simulation of river hydraulics using one-dimensional numerical solutions to obtain a semi-two- dimensional presentation of the hydraulic conditions along and across an alluvial channel. According to the stream tube concept, no water or sediment particles can cross the walls of stream tubes, which is valid for many natural rivers. At and near sharp bends, however, sediment particles may cross the boundaries of stream tubes. GSTARS3, based on FORTRAN 90/95, addresses this phenomenon and further expands the capabilities of GSTARS 2.1 for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport in rivers and reservoirs. This paper presents the concepts, methods, and techniques used to develop the GSTARS series of computer models, especially GSTARS3.  相似文献   

CONTRIBUTIONS OF TUNNEL EROSION TO SEDIMENT YIELD IN A SEMI-ARID BASIN IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA     

T.X. ZHU  Q.G. CAI  S.H.LUK Dr.  Department of Geography  University of Minnesota-Duluth  Duluth  MN  USA. Tel: --. Fax: --. Email: tzhu@d.umn.edu Researcher  Institute of Geography  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing   《国际泥沙研究》2000,(4)

1 INTRODUCTIONSubsurface erosion has been increasingly recognized as a significant hillslope geomorphologic process(Carson and ~y, 1972; McCaig, 1983;, Harvey, 1982;Bryan and Harvey, 1985; Crouch andMcGarrity, 1986; Walsh and Howeds, 1988). However, most of the studies were conducted in hubedareas, especially in Britain (e.g. Gilman and Newson, 1980; Jones, 1981; Wilson and Small, 1984; Jones,1987; Jones et al, 1997). Jones and Crane (1984) found that soil piping contributes about …  相似文献   

WOODY VEGETATION AND DEBRIS FOR IN-CHANNEL SEDIMENT CONTROL     

F. Douglas Shields  Jr.  C. M. Cooper 《国际泥沙研究》2000,(1)

lINTRODUCTlONChanne1erosionandsedimentationareoftenproblemsinagriculturalwatersheds.Forexample,annualsuspendedsedimentyieldfrom8mixedcoverwatershedswithloessialsoilsinnorthwesternMississippi,U.S.A.ranginginsizetYom2lto622km2wasbetween7O4and1673tonnes(Shieldsetal.l995).ControlofchannelbankerosionintheU.S.hastraditionaIlybeenaddressedwithstructurescostingontheorderof$l5Om-1ofbankline.BecauseoftheecologicaIvalueandoftenlowercost(relativetononlivingstructure)ofvegetativetreatments,weargue…  相似文献   

Characteristics of Intraslab Stress Field and Tectonic Implication in the Nankai Trough, Japan     

XU Jiren  ZHAO Zhixin Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Science  Beijing  China Kono Yoshiteru Faculty of Science  Kanazawa University  Kanazawa -  Japan 《Continental Dynamics》2000,(1)

1. IntroductionThe Nankai Trough region (Fig. 1.1) of southwest Japan is one of the most tectonically complex subduction zones in the world. The subduction of the Philippine Sea plate (PH) beneath the Eurasian plate (EU) has caused a series of large and great interplate earthquakes. It is generally accepted that great earthquakes have occurred at intervals of 100-150 years along the Nankai subduction zone since the 684 Hakuho earthquake (Fig. 1.2). However, a large earthquake (M>7.5) has…  相似文献   

RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION: RESEARCH NEEDS AND REFOCUSING PERSPECTIVES     

Rollin H. HOTCHKISS 《国际泥沙研究》1999,(2)

IINTRODUCTIONReservoirsedimentationisannuallydecreasingconstT[lctedworldwidewaterstoragebyanestimatedonepercent(Mahmood,1987).Lossesinaridregionsaredoubled,reducingtheaverageusefulreservoirlifeto20-30years(Bruk,1996).Atthisrateofstorageloss,hydroelectricityasanenergysourcecanhardlybecalledrenewable(Nordin,1993).Reservoirsaregenerallyfillingwithsedimentmorerapidlythananticipated.Forexample,datafromindiaindicatethataCtllalsedimentdeliveryishigherthanpredictedin24of27reservoirs,rangingfro…  相似文献   

塔中涡动资料不同坐标旋转方法比较分析     

李振杰  何清-  金莉莉  买买提艾力.买买提依明  赵佳伟 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(3):105-111

坐标旋转是涡动协方差(EC)通量观测数据后处理当中必须进行的步骤,本文利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中西面标校站自然沙丘上3 m高度和塔中本站32 m高度2009年4—10月湍流通量数据,对比分析了不同坐标旋转方法在塔中通量观测数据中的应用。结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中湍流各通量在旋转订正前后差别不显著,不订正造成的通量计算误差1%。塔中32 m和塔中西站3 m通量计算误差,与两个站点的采集仪器架设高度差别较大有关。即使对于相对平坦的下垫面,也必须要进行倾斜校正,以修正地势、仪器振动、安装倾斜等产生的虚假信息。本研究对塔中涡动资料进行旋转时采用了二次坐标旋转方法。此结果为塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地EC通量观测的风速仪倾斜校正提供参考。  相似文献   

巯基改性蒙脱石对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

朱霞萍  刘慧  谭俊  刘文华  冯超 《岩矿测试》2013,32(4):613-620

蒙脱石对镉有良好的吸附性,但吸附力较弱,巯基改性蒙脱石可增强对镉的吸附,而关于蒙脱石的巯基改性及改性后对镉的吸附机理研究少见报道.本文以(3-巯丙基)三甲氧基硅烷作为改性剂,采用简单的溶液法对蒙脱石原土(简称MMT)进行巯基改性,并探讨了改性蒙脱石(简称MMT-SH)对镉的吸附机理.红外和X射线衍射表征显示MMT被成功接上巯基.吸附条件实验表明,MMT-SH对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附效果显著优于原土,对Cd(Ⅱ)的饱和吸附容量是原土的39倍;吸附容量受pH值影响大,受离子强度的影响较大;MMT-SH对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附作用除了静电吸附、离子交换吸附、羟基配位吸附,还主要存在巯基配位吸附.热力学及动力学实验表明,MMT-SH吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的反应符合Langmiur等温模型和Lagergren二级动力学方程,是易于发生的化学反应;吸附过程的热力学参数(△H、△G、AS)表明此吸附是一个自发的吸热过程.  相似文献   

第31届国际地质大会组委会消息     

第届国际地质大会将于年月～日在巴西里约热内卢举行。大会组委会邀请中国位地质学家担任专题讨论会或学科讨论会召集人。中国地质大学 《地质科技情报》1999,(1)

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目标检验方法在高分辨率数值天气预报检验中的应用     

李佳-  陈葆德-  徐同- 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(5):1-9

基于高分辨率数值模式的特点,为了弥补传统站点对站点等检验方法的不足,采用基于目标诊断的空间检验方法 MODE,对上海快速更新同化系统预报的2014年3月19日强对流降水和冰雹雷达回波进行了客观检验。该方法通过在空间场中识别目标,综合考虑了空间位置、形状、面积等多种因素,采用模糊逻辑算法计算预报和观测目标的相似度。结果表明,MODE在高分辨率数值模式检验中比传统方法具有明显的优势,尤其针对雷达回波的检验有较高的实际应用价值。同时讨论了MODE方法卷积平滑半径参数的选取对高分辨模式检验结果的影响。  相似文献   

路域植被覆盖度非密度模型方法探讨     

郭云开  冯超 《测绘科学》2016,41(1):103-108

针对传统的"两流近似模型"法存在易受干扰、估算复杂、精度较低等不足的问题,文章将改进的PRO-4SAIL2物理模型反演的叶面积指数引入植被覆盖度信息提取,与常用的"两流近似模型"法相比,物理模型反演法的物理意义明确、计算简捷。最后将两种方式得到的植被覆盖度与融合的高分辨率IKONOS影像为匹配基准比较,结果表明,基于PRO-4SAIL2物理模型法得出的植被覆盖度精度更高,提高了路域植被覆盖度反演的准确性,可应用于路域植被覆盖度非密度模型中。  相似文献