1980–2011年中国农作物种植结构时空变化（英文）     

刘珍环  杨鹏  吴文斌  游良志 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(11)

Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of cropping systems is very important for agricultural policymaking and food security assessment,and can provide a basis for national policies regarding cropping systems adjustment and agricultural adaptation to climate change.With rapid development of society and the economy,China's cropping structure has profoundly changed since the reform and opening up in 1978,but there has been no systematic investigation of the pattern,process and characteristics of these changes.In view of this,a crop area database for China was acquired and compiled at the county level for the period 1980–2011,and linear regression and spatial analysis were employed to investigate the cropping structure type and cropping proportion changes at the national level.This research had three main findings:(1) China's cropping structure has undergone significant changes since 2002;the richness of cropping structure types has increased significantly and a diversified-type structure has gradually replaced the single types.The single-crop types—dominated by rice,wheat or maize—declined,affected by the combination of these three major food crops in mixed plantings and conversion of some of their planting area to other crops.(2) In the top 10 types,82.7% of the county-level cropping structure was rice,wheat,maize and their combinations in 1980;however,this proportion decreased to 50.7% in 2011,indicating an adjustment period of China's cropping structure.Spatial analysis showed that 63.8% of China's counties adjusted their cropping structure,with the general change toward reducing the main food types and increasing fruits and vegetables during 1980–2011.(3) At the national level,the grain-planting pattern dominated by rice shifted to coexistence of rice,wheat and maize during this period.There were significant decreasing trends for 47% of rice,61% of wheat and 29.6% of maize cropping counties.The pattern of maize cropping had the most significant change,with the maize proportion decreasing in the zone from northeastern to southwestern China during this period.Cities and their surroundings were hotspots for cropping structural adjustment.Urbanization has significantly changed cropping structure,with most of these regions showing rapid increases in the proportion of fruit and vegetables.Our research suggests that the policy of cropping structural adjustment needs to consider geographical characteristics and spatial planning of cropping systems.In this way,the future direction of cropping structural adjustment will be appropriate and scientifically based,such as where there is a need to maintain or increase rice and wheat cropping,increase soybean and decrease maize,and increase the supply of fruit and vegetables.  相似文献   

1949–2014年中国三种主要作物的地理重心时空迁移分析（英文）     

范玲玲  梁社芳  陈浩  胡亚南  张小飞  刘珍环  吴文斌  杨鹏 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(11)

Spatial distribution changes in major crops can reveal important information about cropping systems.Here,a new centroid method that applies physics and mathematics to spatial pattern analysis in agriculture is proposed to quantitatively describe the historical centroids of rice,maize and wheat in China from 1949 to 2014.The geographical centroids of the rice area moved 413.39 km in a 34.32° northeasterly(latitude 3.08°N,longitude 2.10°E) direction at a speed of 6.36 km/year from central Hunan province to Hubei province,while the geographical centroids of rice production moved 509.26 km in the direction of 45.44° northeasterly(latitude 3.22°N,longitude 3.27°E) at a speed of 7.83 km/year from central Hunan province to Henan province.The geographical centroids of the maize area and production moved 307.15 km in the direction of 34.33° northeasterly(latitude 2.29°N,longitude 1.56°E) and 308.16 km in the direction of 30.79° northeasterly(latitude 2.39°N,longitude 1.42°E),respectively.However,the geographical centroids of the wheat area and production were randomly distributed along the border of Shanxi and Henan provinces.We divided the wheat into spring wheat and winter wheat and found that the geographical centroids of the spring wheat area and production were distributed within Inner Mongolia,while the geographical centroids of winter wheat were distributed in Shanxi and Henan provinces.We found that the hotspots of crop cultivation area and production do not always change concordantly at a larger,regional scale,suggesting that the changing amplitude and rate of each crops' yield differ between different regions in China.Thus,relevant adaptation measures should be taken at a regional level to prevent production damage in those with increasing area but decreasing production.  相似文献   

阿尔泰造山带南缘和准噶尔板块北缘晚古生代构造演化及多金属成矿作用   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

张海祥  牛贺才  沈晓明  马林  于学元 《矿床地质》2008,27(5):596-604

研究表明,阿尔泰南缘和准噶尔北缘晚古生代大地构造演化及成矿作用均受古亚洲洋形成与演化的控制。晚古生代该地区经历了3个不同性质的构造演化阶段,同时伴有不同的多金属成矿作用。早泥盆世,由于古亚洲洋板块的俯冲,在阿尔泰南缘形成了一系列陆缘断陷盆地,并伴随以铅、锌、铜、铁多金属为主的矿化;同时,俯冲的古亚洲洋板块发生部分熔融,形成了埃达克岩及与其有关的铜矿床。随着板块俯冲的继续,中泥盆世出现了前弧盆地,并形成了铜-铅-锌多金属矿床。至石炭纪,西伯利亚板块与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块发生碰撞,在额尔齐斯缝合带附近出现了由于挤压作用而形成的金矿床,同时,在缝合带北侧(阿尔泰地区),由于壳型花岗岩的广泛发育,形成了稀有金属矿床。早二叠世,在额尔齐斯缝合带附近又发生了碰撞后的板内拉张作用,从而诱发了一系列与地幔作用有关的岩浆活动,形成了以喀拉通克为代表的铜-镍矿化。因此,阿尔泰南缘和准噶尔北缘晚古生代多金属找矿远景区包括:阿勒泰南缘早泥盆世火山-沉积盆地内铅、锌、铜及铁多金属矿床和准噶尔北缘早泥盆世与埃达克岩有关的铜矿床;中泥盆世前弧盆地内的铜多金属矿床;石炭纪额尔齐斯缝合带内与碰撞有关的金矿床及稀有金属矿床;早二叠世与板内拉张有关的铜-镍多金属矿床。  相似文献   

证据权重法在张家口地区铅锌银富集区定量评价中的应用     

李随民  姚书振  韩玉丑  郝华金  陈树清 《矿床地质》2008,27(5):647-654

文章以张家口铅锌银多金属富集区为例,在前人研究的基础上,运用GIS平台提取了与成矿关系密切的赋矿层位、岩体5km缓冲区、深大断裂3km和次级断裂1km的复合缓冲区及化探、物探异常等证据图层,选用证据权重法模型对研究区进行了成矿远景区分析和评价,取得了较好效果,并讨论了预测过程中信息提取时应注意的问题。  相似文献   

变性台风“麦德姆”(1410)环流中的锋生现象及其对降水的影响          下载免费PDF全文

梁军  丛春华  张胜军  张黎红  赛瀚 《山东气象》2017,37(4):49-57

利用中国气象局热带气旋年鉴、FY-2D（0.1°×0.1°）云顶亮温、逐时自动气象站降雨量、常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用锋生函数对台风“麦德姆”（Matmo,1410）影响辽东半岛和山东半岛期间的降水特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：1）Matmo影响辽东半岛和山东半岛期间,其低压环流与西风带高空槽相互作用,在其西侧和东北侧分别有冷锋和暖锋锋生,两条锋带均向东移。强锋生区首先在低层生成,随后尽管高空锋区向下延伸,但并未与低层冷锋重合,低层冷锋锋生强度减弱。2）山东半岛和辽东半岛的降水均发生在台风低压环流的锋生过程中,但山东半岛的降水明显多于辽东半岛。这与锋生强度密切相关,辽东半岛的锋生强度和垂直运动较山东半岛明显偏弱。3）强降水与台风环流内冷、暖平流活动密切相关,冷暖平流交汇之处对强降水有较好的示踪作用。山东半岛始终处于冷暖平流交汇处,其西侧斜压不稳定加强,上升运动发展,强降水出现在冷锋带上暖平流区内;而辽东半岛由冷平流转为暖平流时,对流运动向其东北方向发展,强降水位于辽东半岛东北部。  相似文献   

全球电子信息产业贸易网络演化特征研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

高菠阳  李俊玮 《世界地理研究》2017,(1):1-11

随着全球经济一体化的不断深入,全球各产业贸易逐渐呈网络模式发展。作为经济发展的主要驱动力之一,电子信息产业对促进社会发展、优化产业结构有重要影响。本文利用WTO统计数据库1993年~2012年的电子信息产业贸易数据,通过贸易区位熵测算国家间贸易集聚程度,从而刻画全球电子信息产业贸易网络及其演化特征,在识别主要影响因素的基础上探讨了影响机理。研究认为,全球电子信息产业贸易网络自20世纪90年代至今经历了由"单极化"向"多极化"的演变历程,子产业贸易网络遵循"发达国家(地区)—发展中国家(地区)"的发展模式,呈现"出口集聚、进口分散"的特点。处于产业链低端、中端和高端的产品贸易网络存在较大差异,低端产品基本实现了向发展中国家的全面转移,而高端产业目前仍以发达国家为主导,处于演化初期。研究表明,影响贸易网络演化的因素分为政策环境、经济水平、生产要素市场、生产技术水平等方面,经济全球化推动全球电子信息贸易网络形成,区域经济集团化带动贸易活动向经济一体化组织的成员国集中,廉价生产要素为发展中国家贸易网络发展提供优势,高生产水平国家保留价值链高端产业贸易网络。此外,政策要素同样为重要影响因素,我国电子信息产业政策对自身贸易网络扩张有引导性作用。  相似文献   

“一带一路”倡议的理论建构——从新自由主义全球化到包容性全球化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘卫东  MichaelDunford  高菠阳 《地理科学进展》2017,36(11):1321-1331

中国政府提出的“一带一路”倡议正在成为世界上越来越多国家共同探索国际经济治理新机制的一个平台。与此同时,以新自由主义为旗帜的经济全球化已经走到“十字路口”,逆全球化的声音不绝于耳,如何推动全球化进一步发展已成为世界性挑战。在此背景下,越来越多的政治精英和学者认为“一带一路”将引领新型全球化道路,其中一个重要的探索方向就是包容性全球化。本文在简要剖析经济全球扩张的历程及其机制并揭示新自由主义全球化局限性的基础上,结合“一带一路”的实践活动,提出了包容性全球化的核心内涵,包括国家应发挥好“调节者”的角色、解决资本市场“期限错配”的问题、选择适合国情的发展道路、保障各方平等地参与全球化,以及在经济全球化过程中保护文化多元性。尽管这些内涵还不足以精确地定量刻画包容性全球化,但可为后续研究提供一些借鉴的方向,也为“一带一路”建设提供了理论思考的方向。  相似文献   

山东灵山沟金矿床围岩蚀变作用过程中的矿物共生组合分析     

敬成贵  魏震环 《冶金地质动态》1992,(4):30-33

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辐射平衡仪校准装置的制作及其运用     

新井重男  隋朝阳 《气象科技》1992,(1):94-97,38

制作了辐射平衡仪的长波校准装置,并进行了实验,现已投入业务使用.它的构造是Funk型黑体炉,为了高精度进行校准,则必须提高炉壁温度的测量精度.鉴于能达到的精度有限,而决定采用斜率法,这样可以高精度地确定出仪器常数.  相似文献   

1920年海原8(1/2)级大地震的多重破裂特征   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

环文林  葛民 《地震学报》1991,13(1):21-31

根据作者等人野外实地考察,1920年海原8(1/2)级大地震的地层断层全长225km,共由6条几何参数不同的次级断层呈有规律的斜列状组合而成.每一条次级断层都可分为形变性质不同的三段,其中中段以水平走滑性质为主;两端以垂直形变为主,表现为逆断层和正断层性质.垂直和水平位移的测量数据也表明,每一条次级断层的中段水平位移最大,向两端逐渐减小,以至消失,而垂直位移正好相反,中段小,两端大.整个断层的地震位移显示出多个峰值的形变特征.这种形变特征表明,海原大地震的6条次级断层都是各个相对独立的水平位移间断面(即位错面),每个位错面,都可以代表一次独立的次级地震破裂事件.作者等据此认为,巨大的8(1/2)级海原大地震可能是由6次相对独立的次级地震事件接续发生的结果.   相似文献