Evaluation of Spatio-temporal Changes in Surface Water Quality and Their Suitability for Designated Uses,Mettur Reservoir,India     

Saha  Ajoy  Ramya  V. L.  Jesna  P. K.  Mol  S. Sibina  Panikkar  Preetha  Vijaykumar  M. E.  Sarkar  U. K.  Das  B. K. 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(2):1367-1394

Natural Resources Research - Freshwater has a significant role in determining the ecological environment, public health and socio-economic development. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal...  相似文献   

Clay mineralogy of archaeological soil: an approach to paleoclimatic and environmental reconstruction of the archaeological sites of the Paharpur area,Badalgacchi upazila,Naogaon district,Bangladesh   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. K. M. Masud Alam  Shucheng Xie  Dilip Kumar Saha  Sifatul Quader Chowdhury 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1639-1650

A geo-archaeological examination was carried out in and around the Paharpur area, Badalgacchi upazila of Naogaon District in the north-western part of Bangladesh. Clay mineralogy and global paleo-temperature curves were used to determine the paleoclimatic and depositional environmental conditions of the Holocene archaeological soils (Barind clay residuum) of the Paharpur archaeological spot. Clay mineralogical data show that the dominant clay mineral is illite with subordinate amounts of kaolinite and chlorite. The high illite and low kaolinite content implies a marine or estuarine deposit. The clay mineral ratio log diagram, constructed by plotting the 7–10°Å integrated intensity ratios versus depth, supports this assumption. The presence of illite, together with quartz and feldspar, suggests high detrital input under generally cool to temperate and dry climates. Chlorite is another common by-product of weathering reactions with low hydrolysis, which is typical for cool to temperate and dry climates. The results suggest the existence of a marine–estuarine influence under a generally cool to temperate and dry climates around Paharpur and the surrounding region throughout the Pala dynasty around mid-century 700 a.d. to early 1100 a.d. Furthermore, this observation is consistent with the global paleo-temperature curves.  相似文献   

Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in macrophyte, agricultural soil, and crop plants adjacent to discharge zone of sponge iron factory   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Gupta  S. Nayek  R. N. Saha  S. Satpati 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(4):731-739

The present study deals with the characterization of effluent released from sponge iron industries and distribution of heavy metals in soil and macrophytes near to effluent discharge channel. Apart from this, accumulation of heavy metals in nearby soil and vegetation system irrigated with effluent-contaminated water is also the subject of this study. Physico-chemical analysis of effluent reveals that the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS), total hardness (TH), iron (Fe²⁺), and oil and grease are greater than the IS (1981) norms for discharge of water into inland water body. The soil along the sides of the effluent channel also shows higher concentration of heavy metals than the background soil. The enrichment of the heavy metals are in the order of Chromium (Cr) > Iron (Fe) > Manganese (Mn) > Zinc (Zn) > Copper (Cu) > Cadmium (Cd). Macrophytes growing along the sides of the effluent channel also show significant accumulation of heavy metals almost in the same order as accumulated in soil. Higher uptake of heavy metals by these varieties reveals that these species can be used for future phytoremediation. The effluent as well as contaminated water is extensively used for irrigation for growing vegetables like tomato (Lycopersicon esculatum) in the surrounding areas. Heavy metal accumulation in this agricultural soil are in the sequence of Cr > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cd. More or less similar type of accumulation pattern are also found in tomato plants except Fe and Zn exceeding Cr and Mn. Transfer Factor of heavy metals from soil to tomato plants (TF_S) shows average value of <1, suggesting less uptake of heavy metals from soil. Among the plant parts studied, fruit shows least accumulation. Although tomato plants show some phenotypic changes, the survival of tomato plants as well as least accumulation of metals in fruit reveals their tolerance to heavy metals. Therefore it may be suggested that this plant can be grown successfully in the heavy metal contaminated soil. Further research work on in situ toxicity test will be necessary in order to identify the most resistive variety on this particular type of contaminated site.  相似文献   

Stereo Cartosat-1 satellite remote sensing data in assessing topographic potential of soil erosion     

Suresh Kumar  Anil Kumar  S. K. Saha  Ajay Kumar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(2):159-165

Stereo Cartosat-1 satellite data was processed to generate high spatial resolution digital elevation model (DEM) using ground control points (GCPs) collected through geodetic single frequency GPS in differential GPS mode. DEM was processed to generate bare earth DEM by removing heights of natural and man made features from DEM. The bare earth DEM was further analysed in GIS environment to generate terrain-topographic indices viz. wetness index (WI), stream power index (SPI) and sediment transport index (STI) to characterize topographic potential of soil erosion. Hillslopes in the studied watershed (part of Shiwalik hills of Dehradun district, Uttarakhand state) were characterized as low wetness index values indicating dry areas whereas high wetness index values at lower reaches of the watershed indicating as possible source areas for generation of saturated overland flow. Higher STI values were observed in hilly as well as upper part of the piedmont plain and at along sides of the streams in upper piedmont indicating areas susceptible to severe soil erosion. GIS based these topographic indices provided an easy and quick appraisal and scientific basis to identify spatial variability of soil erosion risk in a hilly watershed.  相似文献   

Soil erosion assessment and mapping of the algar river watershed (uttar pradesh) using remote sensing technique     

SK Saha  BM Singh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1991,19(2):67-76

This study was undertaken to prepare an inventory on soil erosion of a hilly river watershed — the Aglar watershed, part of Tehri Garhwal and Dehradun districts (U.P.), using terrain physiography and soil survey data obtained from interpretation and analysis of Landsat TM FCC (1:62,500 scale) and limited ground investigations. The watershed is divided into four broad physiographic units viz. higher Himalayas (> 2000m elevation); lower Himalayas (< 2000m elevation); river terraces and flood plains. Each physiographic unit has been further divided into subunits on the basis of aspects and landuse. Three major orders of soils viz. Inceptisols, Mollisols and Entisols were found in different physiographic units. Soil, and land properties of soilscape units viz. soil depth, texture, structure, slope, landuse and soil temperature regime were evaluated for soil-erosion hazard. The results indicate that in the whole watershed 19.13%, 45.68%, 26.51% and 7.92% areas have been found to be under none to slight, moderate, severe and very severe soil erosion hazard categories, respectively.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton Distribution in an Oligotrophic Pond and a Eutrophic Pond     

L. C. Saha  D. E. Wujek 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1989,17(4):407-416

Summary: An oligotrophic pond and a eutrophic pond of Bhagalpur, India, were studied for phytoplankton distribution and to establish the relationship between this distribution and the physico-chemical properties of the water. Altogether, 114 algal taxa were identified. In Rekabganj pond, diatoms constituted 54.4 % of the algal species followed by green algae (29.4 %), blue greens (11.7 %) and euglenoids (2.9 %). In Ramna pond, blue greens were the most dominant comprising 35.7 % of algal species followed by green algae (32.8 %), diatoms (18.5 %) and euglenoids (8.5 %). The members of Dinophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Xanthophyceae were poorly represented in both the water-bodies. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Cladophora crispata, Volvox aureus and Euglena spp. were recorded only in Ramna pond, indicating its higher nutrient status. Dinobryon calciformis, many pennate diatoms and desmids, indicators of oligotrophy, were observed in Rekabganj pond only. Measurements of water properties in the two ponds showed that transparency, dissolved oxygen and silicate were higher in Rekabganj pond than in Ramna pond, while total alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved organic matter, different cations, phosphate, nitrate and chloride were lower in Rekabganj pond than in Ramna pond.  相似文献   

Modelling of piping collapses and gully headcut landforms:Evaluating topographic variables from different types of DEM   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alireza Arabameri  Fatemeh Rezaie  Subodh Chandra Pal  Artemi Cerda  Asish Saha  Rabin Chakrabortty  Saro Lee 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):129-146

The geomorphic studies are extremely dependent on the quality and spatial resolution of digital elevation model(DEM)data.The unique terrain characteristics of a particular landscape are derived from DEM,which are responsible for initiation and development of ephemeral gullies.As the topographic features of an area significantly influences on the erosive power of the water flow,it is an important task the extraction of terrain features from DEM to properly research gully erosion.Alongside,topography is highly correlated with other geo-environmental factors i.e.geology,climate,soil types,vegetation density and floristic composition,runoff generation,which ultimately influences on gully occurrences.Therefore,terrain morphometric attributes derived from DEM data are used in spatial prediction of gully erosion susceptibility(GES)mapping.In this study,remote sensing-Geographic information system(GIS)tech-niques coupled with machine learning(ML)methods has been used for GES mapping in the parts of Semnan province,Iran.Current research focuses on the comparison of predicted GES result by using three types of DEM i.e.Advanced Land Observation satellite(ALOS),ALOS World 3D-30 m(AW3D30)and Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)in different resolutions.For further progress of our research work,here we have used thirteen suitable geo-environmental gully erosion conditioning factors(GECFs)based on the multi-collinearity analysis.ML methods of conditional inference forests(Cforest),Cubist model and Elastic net model have been chosen for modelling GES accordingly.Variable's importance of GECFs was measured through sensitivity analysis and result show that elevation is the most important factor for occurrences of gullies in the three aforementioned ML methods(Cforest=21.4,Cubist=19.65 and Elastic net=17.08),followed by lithology and slope.Validation of the model's result was performed through area under curve(AUC)and other statistical indices.The validation result of AUC has shown that Cforest is the most appropriate model for predicting the GES assessment in three different DEMs(AUC value of Cforest in ALOS DEM is 0.994,AW3D30 DEM is 0.989 and ASTER DEM is 0.982)used in this study,followed by elastic net and cubist model.The output result of GES maps will be used by decision-makers for sustainable development of degraded land in this study area.  相似文献   

Sublethal Effect of Arsenic on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Scylla serrata          下载免费PDF全文

Sanjib Saha  Sajal Ray 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(9):1216-1222

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Assessment of large aperture scintillometry for large-area surface energy fluxes over an irrigated cropland in north India     

Abhishek Danodia  V K Sehgal  N R Patel  R Dhakar  J Mukherjee  S K Saha  A Senthil Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(5):69

Amount of available net energy and its partitioning into sensible, latent and soil heat fluxes over an agricultural landscape are critical to improve estimation of evapotranspiration and modelling parse (ecosystem modelling, hydrological and meteorological modelling). Scintillometry is a peculiar and robust methodology to provide structure parameter of refractive index and energy balance. Scintillometer has proven for assessment of sensible and latent heat flux, which is based on the principle of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. Scintillometer has been installed in the agricultural experimental farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, with a spatial covering path length of 990 m of irrigated and cultivable agricultural landscape. This paper discusses the patterns of energy flux as diurnal and seasonal basis at scintillometer path which was mainly covered by maize in Kharif and wheat in Rabi season during a crop growing seasons of 2014–2015. The biophysical parameters (leaf area, soil moisture, crop height) were recorded at a temporal resolution of fortnight basis along the path length at usual sampling distance. The Bowen ratio value for both Kharif and Rabi season was 0.76 and 0.88, respectively by scintillometer. Leaf area index had a significantly positive correlation with latent heat flux (\(R^{2} =0.80\)) while a significantly negative correlation with sensible heat flux (\(R^{2}{=}-0.79\)). Soil moisture had a significant negative correlation with sensible heat flux (\(R^{2}{=}-0.68\)). The average evapotranspiration from crop land was \(1.58 ~\hbox {mm d}^{-1}\) and total evapotranspiration was 543 mm over the 12 months study period. This study defines that large aperture scintillometer is robust instrument which can evaluate energy flux over a large area with a long term series time domain. Moreover, further studied should be conducted to use in crop simulation modelling, developing of new model with calibration and validation of remote sensing energy balance algorithm, etc.  相似文献   

Groundwater arsenic contamination and its health effects in India   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dipankar Chakraborti  Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman  Bhaskar Das  Amit Chatterjee  Dipankar Das  Biswajit Nayak  Arup Pal  Uttam Kumar Chowdhury  Sad Ahmed  Bhajan Kumar Biswas  Mrinal Kumar Sengupta  Md. Amir Hossain  Gautam Samanta  M. M. Roy  Rathindra Nath Dutta  Khitish Chandra Saha  Subhas Chandra Mukherjee  Shyamapada Pati  Probir Bijoy Kar  Adreesh Mukherjee  Manoj Kumar 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(4):1165-1181

During a 28-year field survey in India (1988–2016), groundwater arsenic contamination and its health effects were registered in the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in the Ganga River flood plain, and the states of Assam and Manipur in the flood plain of Brahamaputra and Imphal rivers. Groundwater of Rajnandgaon village in Chhattisgarh state, which is not in a flood plain, is also arsenic contaminated. More than 170,000 tubewell water samples from the affected states were analyzed and half of the samples had arsenic >10 μg/L (maximum concentration 3,700 μg/L). Chronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water causes various health problems, like dermal, neurological, reproductive and pregnancy effects, cardiovascular effects, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and cancers, typically involving the skin, lungs, liver, bladder, etc. About 4.5% of the 8,000 children from arsenic-affected villages of affected states were registered with mild to moderate arsenical skin lesions. In the preliminary survey, more than 10,000 patients were registered with different types of arsenic-related signs and symptoms, out of more than 100,000 people screened from affected states. Elevated levels of arsenic were also found in biological samples (urine, hair, nails) of the people living in affected states. The study reveals that the population who had severe arsenical skin lesions may suffer from multiple Bowens/cancers in the long term. Some unusual symptoms, such as burning sensation, skin itching and watering of eyes in the presence of sun light, were also noticed in arsenicosis patients.  相似文献