Influence of aquatic plants on the hydrogen isotope composition of sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes in the Lake Qinghai region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

WeiGuo Liu  Hong Yang  HuanYe Wang  Yuan Yao  Zheng Wang  YunNing Cao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(7):1368-1377

The hydrogen isotopic composition(δD) of leaf wax long-chain n-alkanes(C27, C29, and C31) from lacustrine sediments has been widely applied to reconstruct terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological changes. However, few studies have addressed whether the aquatic-derived n-alkanes can affect the δD values of lake sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes, which are usually regarded as a recorder of the terrestrial hydrological signals. Here we systematically investigated δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from modern aquatic plants, both near-shore and off-shore surface sediments, surrounding terrestrial plant litters, as well as river water and lake water in Lake Qinghai and its satellite lakes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our data showed that(i) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants varied from-184‰ to-132‰ for n-C27, from-183‰ to-138‰ for n-C29, and from-189‰ to-130‰ for n-C31, respectively, with no significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues;(ii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants were generally more positive than those from surrounding terrestrial plants, possibly because that they recorded the D-enrichment of lake water in this semi-arid region;(iii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from surface sediments showed significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues, due to the larger aquatic input of n-C27 to the sedimentary lipid pool than that of n-C31, and(iv) n-C27 δD values of near-shore aquatic plants and near-shore sediments are more negative than those from off-shore as a result of lower δD values of near-shore lake water. Our findings indicate that in this region(i) the offset between sedimentary n-C27 and n-C31 δD values(ΔδDC27-C31) could potentially be used to evaluate if sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes are derived from a single source;(ii) while δD values of n-C27 may be influenced by lake water hydrological changes, sedimentary n-C31 is derived predominantly from terrestrial plants and thus its δD can serve as a relatively reliable indicator for terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological reconstructions.  相似文献   

瓦斯压力对煤系页岩瓦斯吸附特性影响核磁共振谱试验研究     

唐巨鹏  田虎楠  于宁  丁佳会 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z2):203-208

瓦斯压力是影响煤系页岩瓦斯吸附特性的关键因素。以阜新高瓦斯矿井清河门矿煤系页岩为研究对象,采用低场核磁共振（NMR）谱技术,通过向放有试样的夹持器中不断充入瓦斯,模拟煤系页岩瓦斯集聚赋存过程。以核磁共振T2谱幅值积分作为反映瓦斯吸附量定量化指标,从微细观角度定量研究瓦斯压力对吸附态和游离态瓦斯量影响规律。试验结果表明,（1）两个截止阈值确定了吸附态和游离态瓦斯T2谱曲线范围;（2）瓦斯压力对煤系页岩吸附态和游离态瓦斯增量均有显著影响。吸附态瓦斯增量变化受控于煤系页岩和瓦斯分子间作用力,而游离态瓦斯增量则主要与煤系页岩孔隙结构有关;（3）吸附态瓦斯量与瓦斯压力间关系符合朗格缪尔等温吸附方程,而游离态瓦斯与瓦斯压力呈3次函数关系;（4）以瓦斯T2谱均值变化幅度定量描述孔隙平均半径扩胀变形程度,随瓦斯压力增加,煤系页岩中～大孔隙结构均发生显著扩胀,平均半径增加1.47倍,而微孔隙结构尺寸未见明显变化。  相似文献   

南堡凹陷南部沙一段控砂模式     

杜庆祥  郭少斌  曹中宏  张晓龙  李媛姝 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(2):348-357

南堡凹陷盆地内部构造特征复杂,砂体时空分布差异较大。为了明确砂体分布规律,首先对南部缓坡带构造-沉积背景进行研究和岩心相观察,识别了沙一段辫状河三角洲前缘砂体;进而通过对南部缓坡带层序地层格架的建立、沉积学研究和地震地质解释,发现沙一段砂体同时受到顺源和逆源两种同沉积断裂坡折带类型控制。其中,顺源坡折带控制了断槽物源通道的走向,逆源坡折带改变了水流的流向,阻止了砂体的运移。据此,建立了南堡凹陷南部缓坡带沙一段同沉积断裂的控砂模式,得出沙一段砂体具有"沙垒田凸起供砂,断槽物源通道输砂,逆源坡折带阻砂和同沉积洼槽带聚砂"的发育特点。  相似文献   

挤密条件下U型地埋管换热器换热效率的理论分析及数值模拟     

陈宝义  岳韬  曹品鲁  王如生  王茂森  博坤  龙翔  鲁思宇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(6):1808-1814

土层的导热系数是影响地源热泵地埋管换热器换热效率的重要因素之一,与土样的密度密切相关。为了提高地源热泵换热器换热效率,本文基于柱热源理论,建立了挤密钻进条件下换热器的传热理论模型,对换热器的换热效率进行了计算,并利用Ansys有限元软件对土层挤密条件下换热器的换热效果进行了数值分析。结果表明,与传统方法相比,土层挤密可有效降低钻孔周围的热阻,U型管换热器的换热效率可提高17%~20%。  相似文献   

松辽盆地南部大情字井向斜区葡萄花油层石油富集规律及成藏模式     

林承焰  曹铮  任丽华  张昌盛  范瑞峰  王叶  邢新亚  马晓兰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(6):1598-1610

针对松辽盆地南部大情字井向斜区葡萄花油层石油成藏及富集规律研究程度低的问题,从有效烃源岩、优质储层、油源断层及断裂密集带4个方面入手,深入开展石油富集规律及成藏模式研究。根据断裂发育特征及构造高程,将向斜区进一步划分为3个次级构造单元,并对不同构造单元油藏类型和石油分布特征进行剖析：向斜断裂深洼区以断层-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡缓坡区以岩性油藏、断层-岩性油藏和构造-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡陡坡区发育少量岩性油藏。平面上,受断裂密集带发育位置的影响,石油主要呈条带状富集于向斜断裂深洼区和过渡缓坡区;垂向上,受储层发育位置的影响,石油集中分布于葡萄花油层Ⅱ砂组。以此为基础分析向斜区石油富集规律,得出石油富集的4个主控因素：①有效烃源岩厚度控制石油富集;②油源断层组成垂向优势输导通道;③分流河道岔道口是石油富集的有利部位;④断裂密集带控制石油富集。最终建立了向斜区4种成藏模式：①向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以南,嫩一段烃源岩供烃,超压倒灌,油源断层沟通,反向构造控藏;②向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以北,青一段烃源岩供烃,油选择性充注分流河道成藏及断裂密集带内断层组合形成的局部构造控藏;③向斜过渡缓坡区,构造-岩性和岩性圈闭控藏模式;④向斜过渡陡坡区岩性圈闭控藏模式。  相似文献   

4株海洋红球菌产类胡萝卜素分析及其全基因组测序          下载免费PDF全文

张帝  张宁  陈吉刚  杨季芳 《海洋学研究》2016,34(4):78-83

以源于东太平洋海水的4株红球菌分离菌Rhodococcussp. EPR-134、Rhodococcus sp. EPR-147、Rhodococcus sp. EPR-157和Rhodococcus sp. EPR-279为研究对象,开展了菌株的色素提取和色素全波长扫描,并基于全基因组测序分析了4株细菌类胡萝卜素代谢通路中的相关基因。色素全波长扫描结果显示,菌株EPR-134不具备类胡萝卜素产生能力,而其它3株红球菌能够产生类胡萝卜素,且所产类胡萝卜素组分不同。基因组分析表明,4个细菌基因组中存在较为完整的促使类胡萝卜素形成的基因簇。对菌株参与番茄红素形成的3个关键基因crt E、crt B和crt I的氨基酸序列同源性两两比对分析表明,菌株EPR-134 3个基因氨基酸序列与其它3个菌株相应基因氨基酸序列同源性最低,这可能是导致该菌株不产类胡萝卜素的关键原因。该研究结果为产类胡萝卜素红球菌的遗传改造,以及为产类胡萝卜素工程菌的构建奠定了前期基础。  相似文献   

2000-2012年陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散时空分布及影响因素     

王鹏涛  延军平  蒋冲  曹永旺 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):499-507

分析陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散变化特征及其影响因素,可以为区域水资源规划、生态环境改善提供依据。本文利用MOD16蒸散数据,统计分析了陕甘宁黄土高原区2000-2012年地表实际蒸散量的时空变化特征,并结合国家气象站点观测数据和基于像元的相关分析法探讨了其影响因素。结果表明:(1) 2000-2002年蒸散量迅速上升,在2003年达到最高值378.6 mm, 2003-2006年蒸散量呈下降趋势,2006年之后蒸散量呈现缓慢上升趋势。(2) 近13年来,陕甘宁黄土高原区多年平均蒸散量具有明显的空间差异,蒸散量自西北至东南递增,最南部的六盘山、子午岭、黄龙山地是3个主要的高值区;年蒸散量以夏季最多,其次是春季,秋季和冬季最少,且季节蒸散的分布与年蒸散的空间分布格局基本一致。(3) 陕甘宁黄土高原区蒸散量草地和耕地的贡献率最高,密灌丛、疏灌丛次之,常绿针叶林、森林草原贡献率则较小。(4) 陕甘宁黄土高原区动力因素对地表蒸散量影响以正相关为主,风速对该区影响较大;热力因素对地表蒸散量影响以负相关为主,其中气温与蒸散在空间上呈负相关的区域较大,日照时数与蒸散在空间上的负相关区域的面积次之;水分条件(降水量、相对湿度)对蒸散的影响也以正相关为主。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal changes in agricultural hydrothermal conditions in China from 1951 to 2010   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yaoping Cui  Xiaoju Ning  Yaochen Qin  Xu Li  Youmin Chen 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(6):643-657

Based on the daily observation data of 824 meteorological stations during 1951- 2010 released by the National Meteorological Information Center, this paper evaluated the changes in the heat and moisture conditions of crop growth. An average value of ten years was used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation in the agricultural hydrothermal conditions within a 1 km² grid. Next, the inter-annual changing trend was simulated by regression analysis of the agricultural hydrothermal conditions. The results showed that the contour lines for temperature and accumulated temperatures (the daily mean temperature ≥0°C) increased significantly in most parts of China, and that the temperature contour lines had all moved northwards over the past 60 years. At the same time, the annual precipitation showed a decreasing trend, though more than half of the meteorological stations did not pass the significance test. However, the mean temperatures in the hottest month and the coldest month exhibited a decreasing trend from 1951 to 2010. In addition, the 0°C contour line gradually moved from the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River Basin to the Yellow River Basin. All these changes would have a significant impact on the distribution of crops and farming systems. Although the mechanisms influencing the interactive temperature and precipitation changes on crops were complex and hard to distinguish, the fact remained that these changes would directly cause corresponding changes in crop characteristics.  相似文献   

Latitudinal variation of leaf morphological traits from species to communities along a forest transect in eastern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ruili Wang  Guirui Yu  Nianpeng He  Qiufeng Wang  Ning Zhao  Zhiwei Xu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(1):15-26

Comprehensive information on geographic patterns of leaf morphological traits in Chinese forests is still scarce. To explore the spatial patterns of leaf traits, we investigated leaf area (LA), leaf thickness (LT), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) across 847 species from nine typical forests along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) between July and August 2013, and also calculated the community weighted means (CWM) of leaf traits by determining the relative dominance of each species. Our results showed that, for all species, the means (± SE) of LA, LT, SLA, and LDMC were 2860.01 ± 135.37 mm², 0.17 ± 0.003 mm, 20.15 ± 0.43 m² kg^–1, and 316.73 ± 3.81 mg g^–1, respectively. Furthermore, latitudinal variation in leaf traits differed at the species and community levels. Generally, at the species level, SLA increased and LDMC decreased as latitude increased, whereas no clear latitudinal trends among LA or LT were found, which could be the result of shifts in plant functional types. When scaling up to the community level, more significant spatial patterns of leaf traits were observed (R ² = 0.46–0.71), driven by climate and soil N content. These results provided synthetic data compilation and analyses to better parameterize complex ecological models in the future, and emphasized the importance of scaling-up when studying the biogeographic patterns of plant traits.  相似文献   

岩溶区土壤指纹电荷表征的土壤养分状况分析          下载免费PDF全文

袁红  袁道先  付瓦利  胡宁  邵泽峰  张洪 《水文地质工程地质》2009,36(4):112-116

以重庆金佛山岩溶区为例,分析不同石漠化程度下土壤的指纹电荷特征和土壤养分保持能力,结果表明:不同石漠化程度下,土壤指纹电荷特征变化明显,且呈衔接式-阶梯状发展,即:无石漠化阶段,土壤A、B层保持养分能力最强的pH范围与土壤实测pH较为吻合;轻度石漠化阶段,土壤A层养分保持能力受到明显扰动,而土壤B层养分保持能力与无石漠化的土壤A层较为一致;中、强度石漠化条件下,土壤A、B层保持养分能力的相对平衡点的pH值明显偏酸,这在A层表现尤为明显,主要为人为施肥的结果。并通过土壤有机质及其组分与土壤指纹电荷的相关分析,得出由于土壤富里酸有众多的活性功能团,它对土壤指纹电荷的作用明显大于胡敏酸。  相似文献