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61.
Impairment of sea urchin sperm quality by UV-B radiation: predicting fertilization success from sperm motility 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Sperm quality of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, after exposure to environmentally realistic UV-B irradiances, was assessed by changes in sperm motility (measured by the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system), and related to subsequent fertilization success. Percentage motile sperm of A. crassispina declined significantly after exposure to a UV-B dose of 16.2 kJ m(-2), while sperm motion velocity as measured by curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), and average path velocity (VAP) showed significant reduction after exposure to a UV-B dose of 5.4 kJ m(-2). A parallel study showed that fertilization success was significantly reduced after sperm were exposed to UV-B doses > or = 5.4 kJ m(-2). Notably, the four sperm motility parameters were strongly correlated with fertilization success (P < 0.001), followed the increasing order: VSL (r = 0.8) < % motile sperm (r = 0.804) < VCL (r = 0.912) < VAP (r = 0.928). Fertilization success is best predicted by VAP using the exponential model: y = 8.678 + 90.202/[1 + exp(82.83 - x)/10.27)] (r(2) = 0.95). Thus, impairment of sperm motility of sea urchin, as measured by the CASA method, can be used to predict reproductive success and ecological effects. 相似文献
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位于蒙大拿州Beartooth山脉北西部的北Snowy地块主要是由七个太古代岩性单元组成:(1)Mouny Cowen眼球状花岗质片麻岩;(2)由大量长英质片麻岩、砂屑片岩、角闪岩和铁建造组成的副片麻岩系;(3)眼球状构造的花岗质凝灰岩;(4)千枚状Dauis Geeek片岩;(5)奥长花岗质片麻岩—角闪石岩杂岩;(6)Pine Greek推覆杂岩,为一具有闪岩核和两翼对称出现大理岩和石英岩的区域等斜构造;(7)上壳混合杂岩,由石英岩—闪岩组合和具有花岗质物质间层贯入上壳岩的非均质片麻岩组成。每个单元有其特征的岩性组合、变质级和构造样式。大多数单元之间的接触部位以糜棱岩(被认为是韧性断层的产物)和变质级的突变为标志。在四个构造作用最强的单元中,这些变化造成变质级的逆向和不连续增加。这些单元现在的轮廓最好解释为,在2.74Ga和2.56Ga前,变质期后,可能沿走向滑移断层和逆冲断层的构造拼合。从更大的范围看,这一地区位于怀俄明州北部两个截然不同地体的边界上(副片麻岩—Mount Cowan接触)。一个为东西的晚太古代侵入地体。另一个是西面的太古代变质上壳岩地体。NSB和Beartooth山脉的其它部分的关系表明,这个边界产生在晚太古代造山运动期间,与现代碰撞环境有许多相似性。 相似文献
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国家气象局部门重点开放实验室——强风暴实验室(SSL)1991年度学术报告会于1992年3月10日至12日在北京举行。有70多位专家、学者参加会议,收到学术论文29篇。内容涉及到中尺度天气动力学和大气物理学,中尺度数值模拟和数值预报,以及遥感资料的综合分析和应用等,取得了一批有价值的科研成果。部分成果居国内领先水平和世界先进水平。 相似文献
65.
本文介绍了在微波辐射计资料处理中探空资料的选取及处理方法,水汽和云水含量的计算,判云标准的建立和理论亮温的计算。交叉反演系数选择的反演方法大大提高了反演精度和资料处理的全天候能力。 相似文献
66.
地面电阻率法能探测孔隙水含盐量的变化，对海岸地下水的勘探有重要作用。电阻率的解释要与海岸的水文地质模型相吻合。在解释潜水含水层的电阻率时，应当注意包气带的下部边界是潜水面，而是毛细带顶部，淡水层的下部边界不是过渡带中部，而是过渡带顶部。地面电阻率法能定量确定淡水层的埋深、厚度和分布范围。 相似文献
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Measuring and monitoring persistent organic pollutants in the context of risk assessment 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Wu RS Chan AK Richardson BJ Au DW Fang JK Lam PK Giesy JP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):236-244
Due to growing concerns regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment, extensive studies and monitoring programs have been carried out in the last two decades to determine their concentrations in water, sediment, and more recently, in biota. An extensive review and analysis of the existing literature shows that whilst the vast majority of these efforts either attempt to compare (a) spatial changes (to identify "hot spots"), or (b) temporal changes to detect deterioration/improvement occurring in the environment, most studies could not provide sufficient statistical power to estimate concentrations of POPs in the environment and detect spatial and temporal changes. Despite various national POPs standards having been established, there has been a surprising paucity of emphasis in establishing accurate threshold concentrations that indicate potential significant threats to ecosystems and public health. Although most monitoring programs attempt to check compliance through reference to certain "environmental quality objectives", it should be pointed out that many of these established standards are typically associated with a large degree of uncertainty and rely on a large number of assumptions, some of which may be arbitrary. Non-compliance should trigger concern, so that the problem can be tracked down and rectified, but non-compliance must not be interpreted in a simplistic and mechanical way. Contaminants occurring in the physical environment may not necessarily be biologically available, and even when they are bioavailable, they may not necessarily elicit adverse biological effects at the individual or population levels. As such, we here argue that routine monitoring and reporting of abiotic and biotic POPs concentrations could be of limited use, unless such data can be related directly to the assessment of public health and ecological risks. Risk can be inferred from the ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). Currently, the paucity of data does not allow accurate estimation of PNEC, and future endeavors should therefore, be devoted to determine the threshold concentrations of POPs that can cause undesirable biological effects on sensitive receivers and important biological components in the receiving environment (e.g. keystone species, populations with high energy flow values, etc.), to enable derivation of PNECs based on solid scientific evidence and reduce uncertainty. Using the threshold body burden of POPs required to elicit damages of lysosomal integrity in the green mussel (Perna virvidis) as an example, we illustrate how measurement of POPs in body tissue could be used in predicting environmental risk in a meaningful way. 相似文献
69.
Hemocyanin concentrations in the hemolymph of marine crustacea are dependent on the molt cycle and on environmental conditions. Studies in our laboratories have found that hemocyanin levels in blue crabs are reduced after ecdysis and under conditions of environmental stress (Engel, Brouwer, & McKenna, 1993. Hemocyanin concentrations in marine crustaceans as a function of environmental conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 93, 233-244). We have extended those studies to include the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Hemolymph and digestive gland tissues from Long Island Sound lobsters were analyzed for hemocyanin, copper, and zinc during different stages of the molt cycle. Hemocyanin, copper and zinc in the hemolymph were highest in premolt stages (D1-D4), and lowest in the postecdysal papershell stages (B1-B2). Concomitantly, copper in digestive glands decreased significantly following ecdysis, but no significant changes in the metals bound to metallothionein (MT) were observed. Copper-MT was the predominant form throughout the molt cycle, presumably because lobsters were obtained from copper-contaminated areas. To examine the effects of environmental factors, intermolt lobsters were collected from locations of different environmental quality along the Atlantic coast, and were analyzed for hemocyanin and trace metals. In general, animals from areas with a history of contamination showed the highest hemocyanin concentrations. 相似文献
70.
Measuring segregation: an activity space approach 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
While the literature clearly acknowledges that individuals may experience different levels of segregation across their various
socio-geographical spaces, most measures of segregation are intended to be used in the residential space. Using spatially
aggregated data to evaluate segregation in the residential space has been the norm and thus individual’s segregation experiences
in other socio-geographical spaces are often de-emphasized or ignored. This paper attempts to provide a more comprehensive
approach in evaluating segregation beyond the residential space. The entire activity spaces of individuals are taken into
account with individuals serving as the building blocks of the analysis. The measurement principle is based upon the exposure
dimension of segregation. The proposed measure reflects the exposure of individuals of a referenced group in a neighborhood
to the populations of other groups that are found within the activity spaces of individuals in the referenced group. Using
the travel diary data collected from the tri-county area in southeast Florida and the imputed racial–ethnic data, this paper
demonstrates how the proposed segregation measurement approach goes beyond just measuring population distribution patterns
in the residential space and can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of segregation by considering various socio-geographical
spaces. 相似文献