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31.
32.
Two distinct series of slumps deform the upper part of the sedimentary sequence along the continental margin of the Levant.
One series is found along the base of the continental slope, where it overlies the disrupted eastern edge of the Messinian
evaporites. The second series of slumps transects the continental margin from the shelf break to the Levant Basin. It seemed
that the two series were triggered by two unrelated, though contemporaneous, processes. The shore-parallel slumps were initiated
by basinwards flow of the Messinian salt, that carried along the overlying Plio-Quaternary sediments. Seawater that percolated
along the detachment faults dissolved the underlying salt to form distinctly disrupted structures. The slope-normal slumps
are located on top of large canyons that cut into the pre-Messinian sedimentary rocks. A layer of salt is found in the canyons,
and the Plio-Quaternary sediments were deposited on that layer. The slumps are bounded by large, NW-trending faults where
post-Messinian faulted offset was measured. We presume that the flow of the salt in the canyons also drives the slope-normal
slumps. Thus thin-skinned halokynetic processes generated the composite post-Tortonian structural patterns of the Levant margin.
The Phoenician Structures are a prime example of the collapse of a distal continental margin due to the dissolution of a massive
salt layer. 相似文献
33.
Parson Lindsay Sauter Daniel Mendel Véronique Patriat Philippe Searle Roger 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1997,19(6):535-552
Geophysical data from 900 km of the Southwest Indian Ridge are used todescribe the pattern of evolution of the plate boundary between 61° Eand 70° E over the past 20 million years. The SWIR is anobliquely-opening, ultra slow-spreading axis, and east of61° E comprises a series of ridge sections, each about 100–120 kmin length. The orientation of these sections varies fromsub-orthogonal to oblique to the approximately N–S spreadingdirection. In general, the suborthogonal sections are shallower, commonlysubdivided into an array of discrete axial segments, and carry recognisablecentral magnetic anomalies. The majority of the oblique sections are single,continuous rifts without continuous axial magnetic signatures.Morphotectonics of the Southwest Indian Ridge crust have not previously beenwell constrained off-axis, and we here present sidescan sonar andswath bathymetric data up to 100 km from the ridge to demonstrate the complexities of its spatial and temporal evolution.A model is proposed that the segmentation style correlates with analong-axis variation between: (a) relatively thick crustal sections which overlie mantle sections with higher magmatic supply created in orthogonally-spreading segments and (b) those oblique sections associated with cooler, magmatically-starved mantle and thinner crust. These latter sections are formed at broad offset zones in theplate boundary, more precisely defined on faster-spreading ridges asnontransform discontinuities. The nonsystematic pattern of crustalconstruction, extensional basin formation and the absence of extension-parallel traces of discontinuities off-axis suggest that the oblique spreading sections are not fixed in space or time. 相似文献
34.
Euglena gracilis makes two small Cd-binding proteins/peptides (Cd-BP I and Cd-BP II) in response to exposure to Cd2+. These proteins migrate slower than mammalian Cd-metallothionein (Cd-Mt) through Sephadex G-75, but like Cd-Mt also contain Zn and are separated into two species when chromatographed over a DEAE column. Both BPs are much less stable than Cd-Mt under acidic conditions. One source of this instability is that at least Cd-BP II contains acid-labile sulfide co-ordinated to the metals. It has been quantitated in Cd-BP II and shown to have a value of 1·25 ± 0·10 S2−/Cd. The reactivity of the Cd-binding sites in ligand substitution and thioldisulfide exchange reactions has been assessed. The reactions of Cd-BP I and II with pyridylazoresorcinol (PAR) were slow and displayed complex kinetic behavior. Similarly, both Cd-BPs react slowly and with complicated kinetics with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate). 相似文献
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37.
Daniel S. Scheirer Ken C. Macdonald Donald W. Forsyth Stephen P. Miller Dawn J. Wright Marie-Hélène Cormier Charles M. Weiland 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1996,18(1):1-12
Four large-scale bathymetric maps of the Southern East Pacific Rise and its flanks between 15° S and 19° S display many of the unique features of this superfast spreading environment including abundant seamounts (the Rano Rahi Field), axial discontinuities, discontinuity migration, and abyssal hill variation. Along with a summary of the regional geology, these maps will provide a valuable reference for other sea-going programs on-and off-axis in this area, including the Mantle ELectromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) experiment. 相似文献
38.
Catch-quota balancing in multispecies individual fishing quotas 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Individual fishery quotas (IFQs) are an increasingly prevalent form of fishery management around the world, with more than 170 species currently managed with IFQs. Yet, because of the difficulties in matching quota holdings with catches, many argue that IFQs are not appropriate for multispecies fisheries. Using on-the-ground-experience with multispecies IFQ fisheries in Iceland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, we assess the design and use of catch-quota balancing mechanisms. Our methodology includes a mix of interviews with fishery managers, industry representatives, and brokers, literature review, and data analysis. We find that a combination of incentives and limits on use rates for the mechanisms provide sufficient flexibility to the quota owner without the fishery manager incurring excessive levels of overexploitation risk. Contrary to some opinions, these programs are evidence that it is possible to implement IFQ programs for multispecies fisheries and that they can be profitable and sustainable. 相似文献
39.
Daniel Jean Stanley Harrison Sheng Douglas N. Lambert Peter A. Rona David W. McGrail J.Stacy Jenkyns 《Marine Geology》1981,40(3-4):215-235
Analyses of DSRV “Alvin” core samples on the Cape Hatteras margin indicate major textural and compositional changes at depths of about 1000 and well below 2500 m. The distribution patterns of petrologic parameters correlate well with water mass flow and suspended-sediment plumes measured on this margin by other workers. Our study also shows: (a) vigorous erosion and sediment transport at depths of less than 400 m resulting from the NE-trending Gulf Stream flow; (b) deposition, largely planktonic-rich sediment released from the Gulf Stream, on the upper- to mid-slope, to depths of about 800–1200 m; (c) winnowing, resuspension and deposition induced by periodically intensified slope currents on the mid-slope to uppermost rise, between about 1000 and 2500 m; and (d) prevailing deposition on the upper rise proper (below 2500 m), from transport by the SW-trending Western Boundary Undercurrent. Sediments moved by bottom currents have altered the composition and distribution patterns of material transported downslope by offshelf spillover; this mixing of gravity-emplaced and bottom-current-transported sediment obscures depositional boundaries. Moreover, reworking of the seafloor by benthic organisms alters physical properties and changes erodability of surficial sediments by bottom currents. Measurement of current flow above the seafloor and direct observation of the bottom are insufficient to delineate surficial sediment boundaries. Detailed petrologic analyses are needed to recognize the long-term signature of processes and define depositional provinces. 相似文献
40.