排序方式： 共有56条查询结果，搜索用时 483 毫秒
31.
One of the basic problems in the prehistoric studies of the Trieste Karst (northeastern Italy) is that of understanding the use of the numerous caves, which represent the only sites known from Palaeolithic to Middle Bronze Age. Recent sedimentological and soil micromorphological analyses add new data to the traditional archaeological ones. In our opinion, the data should be approached from other than an exclusively chronotypological point of view. The inferences of the data indicate that certain areas of four caves were used for stabling animals, and that this model of site use may be extended to most of the Karst cave sites for the period from the Neolithic to Early Bronze Age. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
32.
Amplitude dependence of equivalent modal parameters in monitored buildings during earthquake swarms 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Rosario Ceravolo Emiliano Matta Antonino Quattrone Luca Zanotti Fragonara 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(14):2399-2417
This paper investigates the dynamic response of three sample buildings belonging to the Seismic Observatory for Structures, the Italian network for the permanent seismic monitoring of strategic structures, managed by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. The case studies cover different building types that could loosely represent the Italian building stock, with a special emphasis on cultural heritage and masonry structures. Observed under a low‐intensity seismic swarm comprising about 30 aftershocks after a main event, the three buildings are analysed through an input–output, model‐driven linear dynamic identification procedure, depicting the relation between the shaking level at the site and the variation of the equivalent structural modal parameters, while keeping into account the effects of soil–structure interaction. Finite element models will be used to investigate one of the case studies and to compare the law of variation of the structural modal parameters with respect to simplified models proposed by technical standards. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
33.
Emanuela Ceccaroni Gabriele Ameri Antonio Augusto Gómez Capera Fabrizio Galadini 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(2):335-359
The 2nd century AD earthquake in central Italy is only known by an epigraph that mentions restorations to a damaged weighing-house
at the ancient locality of Pagus Interpromium. The available seismic catalogues report this event with the conventional date of 101 AD, a magnitude M
aw of 6.3, and an epicentral location at the village of San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore, in the province of Pescara. In order
to improve the knowledge of the damage pattern, we gathered all the archaeological data collected during modern excavations
at sites located in the area, which were presumably struck by the earthquake. This information is mainly represented by (1)
stratigraphic units due to the sudden collapse of buildings over still frequented floors; (2) stratigraphic units demonstrating
restoration or re-building of edifices; (3) stratigraphic units formed as the result of the abandonment of sites or of their
lack of frequentation for decades or centuries. Only stratigraphic evidence consistent with an earthquake occurrence during
the 2nd century AD has been considered. The most recent archaeological material found in a collapsed unit is a coin of Antoninus
Pius, dated at 147–148 AD. This may represent a post quem date very close to the occurrence of the earthquake. The gathered information, plus the stratigraphic data that excluded
the earthquake occurrence at some sites, has allowed us to roughly delineate an area of possible damage, including the Sulmona
Plain and surrounding areas. Comparisons between the possible 2nd century damage distribution and (i) the damage patterns
of more recent historical events that have struck the investigated area, (ii) the distribution of virtual intensities obtained
by simulating an earthquake having an epicenter in the Sulmona Plain and applying an intensity attenuation relationship and
(iii) a shaking scenario obtained by modelling the activation of the major active fault of the Sulmona Plain area (the Mt.
Morrone fault) have revealed consistency between the ancient earthquake and the activation of this fault. Since no other historical
events can be attributed to this active fault, we conclude that the time that has elapsed since the last fault activation
should be in the order of 1,850 years, i.e. a time span that is very close to the recurrence interval of Apennine seismogenic
sources. Moreover, considering the fault length, the causative source may be responsible for earthquakes with M up to 6.6–6.7. The comparison between the presumed 2nd century damage and the shaking scenario suggests that the magnitude
mentioned is consistent with the presumed effects of the ancient earthquake. Finally, considering that Sulmona (the most important
town in the region investigated) is located in the middle of the Mt. Morrone fault hanging wall, we consider it as the probable
epicentral area. Therefore, to summarise the information on the 2nd century AD earthquake, we can conclude that (i) it occurred
shortly after 147–148 AD; (ii) a magnitude M
w 6.6–6.7 can be attributed to it and (iii) the probable macroseismic epicentral area was Sulmona. 相似文献
34.
Emanuela Molinaroli Alessandro Sarretta Christian Ferrarin Emanuele Masiero Antonietta Specchiulli Stefano Guerzoni 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(5):1097-1114
Integrated classification maps were produced by combining sediment grain-size and hydrological data (water renewal time, WRT) from two Mediterranean lagoons, Lesina (LL) and Varano (LV), Italy. The geophysical characteristics of the two basins, derived from detailed bathymetric charts, are quite distinct: ～30% of LL (mean depth ～1 m) but only 3% of LV (mean depth ～3 m) is shallower than 1 m. The sediments of both lagoons are mainly composed of mud (～80%). A detailed multivariate analysis of grain-size data by EntropyMax classified the lagoon beds of LL and LV into five sedimentary facies. WRT data, computed by a hydrodynamic model, indicated different hydrological conditions in the two lagoons: LL showed a sharp west–east gradient, with a basin-wide average of ～190 days, whilst LV showed a fairly uniform distribution and a higher basin-wide average (～260 days). The distribution of sedimentary facies and water renewal times were combined in a composite map representing the distribution of environmental patterns. The approach outlined in this study can be used to improve zonation schemes by providing a hydromorphological perspective on transitional and coastal environments. 相似文献
35.
36.
Joan E. Cartes Emanuela Fanelli Vanesa Papiol Leda Zucca 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(11):1485-1498
We analyzed the distribution, diversity, and composition of western Mediterranean macroplankton (excluding gelatinous taxa) in the water column over depths of ca. 550–850 m, with special attention to near-bottom (0–1.5 and ca. 5–77 m above the bottom, mab) levels, and including data from three areas (off the coasts of Catalonia, and to the NW, and SE of Mallorca, Balearic Islands) in the period 1991–2008. Spatio-temporal changes in macroplankton abundance were evaluated as follows: (i) by seasonal sampling in 2007 off the Catalonian coast, (ii) by comparing Catalonian and Balearic Island slopes, and (iii) by comparing a fixed station on the Catalonian slope (at 550–800 m depth) at decadal (1991/1992–2007/2008) time scales. Diversity (in terms of species richness, S) was greater (i) at ca. 5–77 mab than at 0–1.5 mab, (ii) over the insular slopes of the Balearic Island (around Mallorca) than over the mainland Catalonian slopes, and (iii) in the period 1991/1992 than in 2007, likely related to higher values of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in 1991/1992. In most analyses species composition was strongly influenced by the degree of stratification and homogenization of the water column in summer–autumn and winter–spring respectively and by location (longitude). Changes consisted mainly of higher density of macroplankton (e.g. abundance of the dominant euphausiids Nematoscelis megalops, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Euphausia krohni and of the fish Cyclothone braueri) between June and October, parallel to an increase in the T and S close to the bottom. This coincided with changes in the flow of Levantine intermediate water (LIW) in the area. Aggregation of adult forms of the dominant species close to the bottom in summer–autumn could be favored because summer is the period of highest density of food – copepods, mainly Calanus helgolandicus – near the bottom off the Catalan slope. The formation of a thermocline in the water column and the reinforcement of the permanent thermohaline front at the shelf-slope break during summer at ca. 400 m in the Balearic Basin may also enhance this tendency toward greater aggregation of deep macroplankton under stratified water column conditions. 相似文献
37.
Pichelli Emanuela Coppola Erika Sobolowski Stefan Ban Nikolina Giorgi Filippo Stocchi Paolo Alias Antoinette Belu&#;i&#; Danijel Berthou Segolene Caillaud Cecile Cardoso Rita M. Chan Steven Christensen Ole B&#;ssing Dobler Andreas de Vries Hylke Goergen Klaus Kendon Elizabeth J. Keuler Klaus Lenderink Geert Lorenz Torge Mishra Aditya N. Panitz Hans-Juergen Sch&#;r Christoph Soares Pedro M. M. Truhetz Heimo Vergara-Temprado Jesus 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(11):3581-3602
This paper presents the first multi-model ensemble of 10-year, “convection-permitting” kilometer-scale regional climate model (RCM) scenario simulations downscaled from selected CMIP5 GCM projections for historical and end of century time slices. The technique is to first downscale the CMIP5 GCM projections to an intermediate 12–15 km resolution grid using RCMs, and then use these fields to downscale further to the kilometer scale. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the representation of the precipitation characteristics and their projected changes over the greater Alpine domain within a Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment Flagship Pilot Study and the European Climate Prediction system project, tasked with investigating convective processes at the kilometer scale. An ensemble of 12 simulations performed by different research groups around Europe is analyzed. The simulations are evaluated through comparison with high resolution observations while the complementary ensemble of 12 km resolution driving models is used as a benchmark to evaluate the added value of the convection-permitting ensemble. The results show that the kilometer-scale ensemble is able to improve the representation of fine scale details of mean daily, wet-day/hour frequency, wet-day/hour intensity and heavy precipitation on a seasonal scale, reducing uncertainty over some regions. It also improves the representation of the summer diurnal cycle, showing more realistic onset and peak of convection. The kilometer-scale ensemble refines and enhances the projected patterns of change from the coarser resolution simulations and even modifies the sign of the precipitation intensity change and heavy precipitation over some regions. The convection permitting simulations also show larger changes for all indices over the diurnal cycle, also suggesting a change in the duration of convection over some regions. A larger positive change of frequency of heavy to severe precipitation is found. The results are encouraging towards the use of convection-permitting model ensembles to produce robust assessments of the local impacts of future climate change.
相似文献38.
Rudolf Brázdil Rüdiger Glaser Christian Pfister Petr Dobrovolný Jean-Marc Antoine Mariano Barriendos Dario Camuffo Mathias Deutsch Silvia Enzi Emanuela Guidoboni Oldřich Kotyza Fernando Sanchez Rodrigo 《Climatic change》1999,43(1):239-285
The severity and frequency of sixteenth-century floods of the Rhine, the Main, the middle and upper Elbe with its tributaries, rivers of northern and central Italy, the Garonne and rivers in Catalonia and Andalusia are analyzed using documentary evidence. The basic topographical and hydrological characteristics of the rivers investigated as well as the synoptic causes of their flooding during the instrumental period are presented. Different examples of modifications of the run-off process due to anthropogenic activity are discussed. Prevalence in flood occurrence during the second half of the sixteenth century in comparison to the first half is typical for central European and Andalusian rivers (mainly in the 1560s and 1590s) and agrees with the evolution of precipitation patterns. On the other hand, Italian and Catalonian rivers, in part, had a higher occurrence of floods during the first half of the century. Changes in the flooding seasons in both halves of the century are not unambiguous. Results of an analysis on a broader European scale show floods to be a random natural phenomena with limited areal extent defined by the spatial influence of forcing meteorological factors (continuous heavy rains, sudden melting of thick snow cover, etc.). Despite some limitations of documentary evidence, series of reconstructed historical floods are valuable sources of proxy data which can be utilized for the study of the flooding fluctuations in the pre-instrumental period. 相似文献
39.
40.
Bayesian event tree for eruption forecasting (BET_EF) at Vesuvius,Italy: a retrospective forward application to the 1631 eruption 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laura Sandri Emanuela Guidoboni Warner Marzocchi Jacopo Selva 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(7):729-745
Reliable forecasting of the next eruption at Vesuvius is the main scientific factor in defining effective strategies to reduce
volcanic risk in one of the most dangerous volcanic areas of the world. In this paper, we apply a recently developed probabilistic
code for eruption forecasting to new and independent historical data related to the pre-eruptive phase of the 1631 eruption.
The results obtained point out three main issues: (1) the importance of “cold” historical data (according to Guidoboni 2008) related to pre-eruptive phases for evaluating forecasting tools and possibly refining them; (2) the BET_EF code implemented
for Vesuvius would have forecasted the 1631 eruption satisfactorily, marking different stages of the pre-eruptive phase; (3)
the code shows that pre-eruptive signals that significantly increase the probability of eruption were likely detected more
than 2 months before the event. 相似文献