The effect of volatile components in oil on evolutionary characteristics of diamondoids during oil thermal pyrolysis     

ChenChen Fang  YongQiang Xiong  Yun Li  QianYong Liang  TongShan Wang  YongXin Li 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(2):362-370

On the basis of the results of simulation experiments, now we better understand the contribution of high carbon number hydrocarbons to diamondoid generation during thermal pyrolysis of crude oil and its sub-fractions(saturated, aromatic, resin, and asphalene fractions). However, little is known about the effect of volatile components in oil on diamondoid generation and diamondoid indices due to the lack of attention to these components in experiments. In this study, the effect of volatile components in oil on diamondoid generation and maturity indices was investigated by the pyrolysis simulation experiments on a normal crude oil from the HD23 well of the Tarim Basin and its residual oil after artificial volatilization, combined with quantitative analysis of diamondoids. The results indicate that the volatile components(≤n C12) in oil have an obvious contribution to the generation of adamantanes, which occurs mainly in the early stage of oil cracking(Easy Ro1.0%), and influences the variations in maturity indices of adamantanes; but they have no obvious effect on the generation and maturity indices of diamantanes. Therefore, some secondary alterations e.g., migration, gas washing, and biodegradation, which may result in the loss of light hydrocarbons in oil under actual geological conditions, could affect the identification of adamantanes generated during the late-stage cracking of crude oil, and further influence the practical application of adamantane indices.  相似文献   

劳动力转移特征变量对农户生计资本的影响分析——以甘肃省为例     

苏芳 《冰川冻土》2016,38(2):549-557

新型城镇化建设鼓励农村剩余劳动力向城市转移,同时农村劳动力转移的持续发展又进一步加大了对新型城镇化建设的支持力度.由于劳动者的整体素质较低以及务工领域低端化等因素的存在,农村劳动力转移具有一定的脆弱性.甘肃省城镇化水平滞后、城乡差距较大等问题依然突出,农户作为农村地区最主要的经济活动主体与最基本的决策单位,劳动力转移的状况直接影响到其生计水平和区域生态安全.以甘肃省14个地州市为研究区,通过对可持续生计框架的应用,揭示劳动力转移的关键性因素,定量评估劳动力转移对农户生计资本的影响程度,总结出有利于提高甘肃省农户发展能力、改善农户生计水平的政策建议,从而为促进西部地区可持续发展、缓解贫困、实现精准扶贫提供参考依据.  相似文献   

桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址地下水示踪及污染来源分析   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0  

曾莘茹  姜光辉  郭芳  汤庆佳  刘凡 《中国岩溶》2016,35(3):245-253

桂林甑皮岩遗址周围地带地下水中污染物的种类及来源复杂。为了查明地下水系统的结构特征,分析地下水的污染物运移路径和追溯污染源,采用在线高分辨率示踪技术与人工采样相结合的方法。选取荧光素钠和罗丹明B两种示踪剂,在桂林甑皮岩遗址周围进行了三次示踪试验。根据试验结果分析地下水流场,计算地下水平均流速。结果表明地下水流速在1.6~33.91 m/d,平均值为12.92 m/d。流场内岩溶以溶蚀裂隙为主,且裂隙发育呈网络式,存在西北向东南方向的主径流带,但大型岩溶管道存在的可能性小。三次示踪试验结果均显示,投放点所在的污染源区与遗址周围地下水存在水力联系,因此,遗址附近的居民小区、学校、原砖厂等污染源对遗址下部的地下水存在潜在污染,需更大程度地划分遗址的保护范围。特别是甑皮岩景区化粪池密闭情况较差,严重危害遗址环境,必须对化粪池进行防渗处理。   相似文献   

构造-蚀变-地球化学综合找矿预测方法研究——以陕西小秦岭金矿田Q173号矿脉为例     

张欢欢  白和  王和平  文月贵  韩舫  杨优望  牟培吉 《地质力学学报》2016,22(2):269-284

运用构造-蚀变-构造叠加晕综合方法对陕西小秦岭金矿田Q173号矿脉进行了找矿预测研究。研究结果表明,Q173号矿脉控矿断裂主要经历了3次构造运动。成矿早期为压扭性右行剪切变形;成矿期首先经历了右行逆冲为主的脆性张扭性构造变形,之后又有一组北东向张扭性构造的复合叠加,形成了多金属矿化石英脉;成矿后期构造活动不明显,主要为一些正断层,未见明显矿化富集叠加。构造控矿规律研究认为矿体向西侧伏。围岩蚀变研究表明,与金矿化密切相关的蚀变组合为黄铁矿化-硅化-绢云母化;深部"构造叠加晕"异常特征指示有盲矿体存在。根据综合找矿预测方法研究成果,提出了Q173号矿脉西段侧伏区在1070 m标高以下尚有成矿富集地段的存在,可供工程进一步验证。   相似文献   

致密砂岩储层含气测井特征及定量评价     

潘保芝  蒋必辞  刘文斌  房春慧  张瑞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(3):930-937

致密砂岩储层孔隙度低、渗透率低、非均质性强,气层所对应的测井响应特征较为复杂,气层识别和评价难度较大、多解性突出。传统上,利用常规测井曲线进行含气性评价多是定性评价,在利用智能识别法评价含气性时,也是利用分类模型进行定性评价;而利用常规测井资料定量评价含气性比较困难。本文首先以岩心、地质、试气资料和常规测井曲线为基础,利用交会图法进行致密砂岩含气特征分析,建立含气性定性评价指标;然后,利用广义回归神经网络（GRNN）预测含气量和含水量,构造含气性和含水性指示曲线,定量评价致密砂岩的含气性;最后,定性评价和定量评价综合使用,以评价致密砂岩含气性,并在苏里格地区盒₈段进行应用,取得了较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

基于孕灾环境的全球台风灾害链分类与区域特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王然  连芳  余瀚  史培军  王静爱 《地理研究》2016,35(5):836-850

在全球气候变化与经济一体化的背景下,台风引发的次生灾害构成灾害链,加剧人口、经济等多方面的损失。以2000-2010年案例数据为基础,依据台风所经过区域的孕灾环境特性,提出了全球台风灾害链分类体系,并统计得出类型与强度的区域特征：在西北太平洋,主要发生于山地（丘陵）区（占34.4%）,强度为3.1;在南太平洋,主要发生于岛屿区（占59.2%）,强度为2.6~3.0;在北印度洋,主要发生于河口海岸区（占35.8%）,强度为0.7~0.9;在南印度洋,主要发生于平原区（占31%）,强度为2.6;在北大西洋与东北太平洋,主要发生于平原海岸区（分别占24.7%与31.2%）,强度分别为2.0~2.3和2.3。研究结果可为台风灾害链自动识别、动态模拟与预测提供理论基础,用以支持区域防灾减灾建设与应急响应策略制定。  相似文献   

旧石器时期以来新疆文化遗址分布特征及驱动因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

栾福明  熊黑钢  王昭国  王芳 《中国沙漠》2016,36(5):1496-1502

运用最近邻指数和耦合分析方法,研究了旧石器时期至近现代新疆432处文化遗址时空分布特征及驱动因素。结果表明：（1）新疆文化遗址属于聚集分布模式,集中分布在以12个聚集区为主的丝绸之路南道、中道、北道和塔城-阿勒泰地区4个带。中道和北道的遗址数量约占总量的80.11%。（2）新疆文化遗址可划分为旧石器-商朝、西周-秦朝、汉代-南北朝、隋唐-五代、宋元明、清朝-近现代6个时期,不同时期遗址分布重心经历了塔城-阿勒泰→丝绸之路南道和中道→丝绸之路中道和北道→丝绸之路中道的演变。（3）文化遗址的格局演化与历史时期新疆自然和人文因素等有很好的耦合关系,文化遗址的快速发展期（如西汉、隋唐）与气候的相对凉湿期、中原政权的强盛、屯垦的高潮期、丝绸之路的繁荣期相对应。（4）文化遗址空间分布主要受控于自然因素,而时间变迁更多的是受人文因素的影响。早期自然因素的影响大,而后期人文力量起主导作用,是新疆文化遗址变迁与自然和人文耦合关系的总规律。  相似文献   

Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon,nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guirui Yu  Wei Ren  Zhi Chen  Leiming Zhang  Qiufeng Wang  Xuefa Wen  Nianpeng He  Li Zhang  Huajun Fang  Xianjin Zhu  Yang Gao  Xiaomin Sun 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(7):803-826

Eddy Covariance technique (EC) achieves the direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate change. This paper briefly reviewed the construction and development of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem flux observation and research network (ChinaFLUX), and systematically introduced the design principle and technology of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation system of ChinaFLUX. In addition, this paper summarized the main progress of ChinaFLUX in the ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water exchange and environmental controlling mechanisms, the spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and biogeographical mechanisms, and the regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget assessment. Finally, the prospects and emphases of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation of ChinaFLUX are put forward to provide theoretical references for the development of flux observation and research in China.  相似文献   

Potential promoted productivity and spatial patterns of medium- and low-yield cropland land in China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Huimin Yan  Yongzan Ji  Jiyuan Liu  Fang Liu  Yunfeng Hu  Wenhui Kuang 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(3):259-271

With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, improving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become fundamental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement. In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productivity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was located in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.  相似文献   

中国绿洲化及其研究进展   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

赵文智  杨荣  刘冰  杨淇越  李芳 《中国沙漠》2016,36(1):1-5

绿洲化是干旱区人与自然因素共同作用下荒漠向绿洲转变的过程。中国绿洲面积从20世纪50年代初期的20 000 km²扩展到2000年的86 000 km²,扩大了3.3倍。绿洲化过程不仅伴随着景观格局的变化,而且会引发土壤、生物、气象和水文等要素的变化。分析了近2 000 a来中国干旱区绿洲的演变过程,评述了绿洲化过程中景观变化,其对绿洲稳定性的影响及绿洲化过程中土壤要素、气象水文要素变化等诸多方面的研究进展,同时提出未来的研究中应加强绿洲化过程研究框架的建立、绿洲化过程中关键因素变化及绿洲化关键过程研究。  相似文献