南渡江河口洪、枯季节水文泥沙变化特征及台风“海鸥”对入海水沙的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈斌  高飞  印萍  刘金庆 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1279-1291

基于2014年最新的洪、枯季节实测资料,分析了南渡江河口海域水文泥沙的季节性变化特征,借助台风"海鸥"过境期间的河道监测数据,研究了台风天气造成的洪水事件对河流入海水沙通量的影响。研究结果表明:(1)洪、枯季节河口海域的水体层化作用不强,洪季的水温高于枯季,但盐度低于枯季。水温呈现向海递减的趋势,而盐度整体分布较为均匀;(2)河口水体含沙量近岸大于远岸,枯季河口三角洲泥沙向西输运。洪季含沙量明显高于枯季,大量泥沙在台风季节被冲刷入海,而后向海或向西输运扩散;(3)河口海域为不规则全日潮,呈现东西向往复流特征。温度、盐度和浊度均呈现较强的潮汐性变化特征;(4)枯季河道内存在明显的盐水楔,锋面处的垂向梯度很大,在口门向陆大约12—15 km以远的河道水体不再受潮汐影响;(5)台风"海鸥"影响下,南渡江洪峰期间的径流量和含沙量均远远超过多年平均值,反映了南渡江河口地区"台风季节"的特点。  相似文献   

Grain size composition and transport of sedimentary organic carbon in the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary and Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent waters     

ZHANG Weiyan  JIN Haiyan  YAO Xuying  JI Zhongqiang  ZHANG Xiaoyu  YU Xiaoguo  ZHANG Fuyuan  GAO Aigen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(10):46-56

Surface sediments from the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay,and their adjacent waters were analyzed for their grain size distribution,organic carbon(OC) concentration,and stable carbon isotope composition(δ13C).Based on this analysis,about 36 surface sediment samples were selected from various environments and separated into sand(0.250 mm,0.125–0.250 mm,0.063–0.125 mm) and silt(0.025–0.063 mm)fractions by wet-sieving fractionation methods,and further into silt-(0.004–0.025 mm) and clay-sized(0.004mm) fractions by centrifugal fractionation.Sediments of six grain size categories were analyzed for their OC andδ13C contents to explore the grain size composition and transport paths of sedimentary OC in the study area.From fine to coarse fractions,the OC content was 1.18%,0.51%,0.46%,0.42%,0.99%,and 0.48%,respectively,while theδ13C was –21.64‰,–22.03‰,–22.52‰,–22.46‰,–22.36‰,and –22.28‰,respectively.In each size category,the OC contribution was 42.96%,26.06%,9.82%,5.75%,7.09%,and 8.33%,respectively.The OC content in clay and fine silt fractions(0.025 mm) was about 69.02%.High OC concentrations were mainly found in offshore modern sediments in the northeast of the Changjiang River Estuary,in modern sediments in the lower estuary of the Changjiang River and Hangzhou Bay,and in Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island.Integrating the distribution of terrestrial OC content of each grain size category with the δ13C of the bulk sediment indicated that the terrestrial organic material in the Changjiang River Estuary was transported seaward and dispersed to the Cyclonic Eddy modern sediments to the southwest of the Cheju Island via two pathways:one was a result of the Changjiang River Diluted Water(CDW) northeastward extending branch driven by the North Jiangsu Coastal Current and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current,while the other one was the result of the CDW southward extending branch driven by the Taiwan Warm Current.  相似文献   

山东半岛北部滨浅海区表层沉积物铝物源鉴别     

徐刚  刘健  裴绍峰  孔祥淮  胡刚  高茂生 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(12):147-153

Surface sediment samples in the near shore area of the north Shandong Peninsula are collected for grain size and element analyses. The results indicate that the surface sediments in the study area are primarily composed of the silt-sized components similar to the Huanghe River. The total concentration of aluminum varies from 5.57% to7.37%(average(6.33 ± 0.40)%), and its spatial distribution is mainly controlled by the grain size. Correlations between the ratio of aluminum to titanium concentration and aluminum concentration, titanium concentration and the mean grain size indicate that aluminum in the near shore surface sediments is affected majorly by the terrigenous source, and partially by the anthropogenic source. The ratios of aluminum to titanium concentrations are larger than the background value of loess matter at some stations due to the existence of excess aluminum associated with human activities. Thus, the sources of aluminum should be identified firstly when aluminum is used as an index of terrigenous matter even in the near shore area dominated by terrigenous deposits.  相似文献   

温度对刺参繁殖期消化酶和代谢酶活力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

茹小尚  高天翔  刘石林  宋盛亮  杨红生 《海洋科学》2015,39(3):1-6

为探究刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)繁殖期消化、代谢生理特点,作者以刺参亲参(240 g±15 g)为实验材料,设置了5个温度水平(6、10、14、18、21℃),研究了温度对刺参繁殖期内肠道消化酶和体壁肌肉代谢酶活力的影响。结果发现:温度对亲参繁殖期消化酶、代谢酶活力受培育水温影响显著(P0.05)。其中,胰蛋白酶与淀粉酶活力随水温升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在10℃时活力最高且达到峰值;脂肪酶活力随着养殖水温升高呈下降趋势,在6℃时活力最高。己糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶活力随水温升高出现先增高后降低的趋势,在10℃时达到峰值;而琥珀酸脱氢酶活力随温度升高呈下降趋势。研究表明,10~14℃温度下,亲参消化酶与代谢酶活力均处于较高水平,是理想的亲参室内促熟温度参数。  相似文献   

极地深海冰盖条件下声传播数值试验     

薛小强  高飞  潘长明  李胜全  李佳讯  陈符森 《海洋测绘》2015,(4):24-27

研究极地深海声传播特征具有重要的经济、军事价值,战略意义重大。基于KRAKENC分层弹性介质简振波模型对极地深海冰盖条件下的声传播特征进行数值模拟,得出极地海域向上折射环境和较小深度声源,是形成声道现象必要条件;冰盖的散射作用导致声传播衰减强烈,且深度越大的水层受冰盖影响越小,受海底边界影响越大;声源深度越小,受冰盖影响越大。  相似文献   

A10/35绝对重力仪测试及性能分析          下载免费PDF全文

王应建  邱雪峰  张松堂  张宏伟  高新兵 《海洋测绘》2015,(6):65-68

A10型绝对重力仪用于测量重力加速度(g),具有高精度、便携式和易操作等优点。介绍了A10的基本原理,并与FG5型重力仪进行了对比分析。基于A10/35绝对重力仪的室内和野外测量数据,分析了该仪器的稳定性和影响测量精度的主要因素。测试结果表明,不同环境下该仪器测量组间离散度均小于10×10-8ms-2,仪器性能稳定可靠。最后提出了实际使用的具体建议。  相似文献   

水力停留时间对硫自养还原高氯酸盐和硝酸盐性能的影响     

高孟春  杨宁  任云  张健  王森  李志伟  常庆波 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(1):83-89

以填充单质硫颗粒(S0)的生物膜反应器作为研究对象,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)变化对硫自养还原高氯酸盐(ClO-4)和硝酸盐(NO-3)性能的影响。研究结果表明,在进水NO-3-N和ClO-4分别为20mg/L和100μg/L时,在HRT从16h逐渐缩短到0.5h过程中,NO-3-N去除率能在较短时间内达到99%以上。与硫自养还原NO-3-N相比,HRT的缩短导致ClO-4去除率趋于稳定所需时间增加,说明硫自养还原NO-3-N过程先于硫自养还原ClO-4的过程。在不同HRT下未发现中间产物ClO-3和ClO-2的积累,ClO-4摩尔数减少量与Cl-摩尔数增加量比约为1∶1,出水中SO2-4的实际产生量远大于理论产生量,出水pH值范围为6.8~7.1。通过PCR-DGGE图谱和测序结果分析可知,属于α-proteobacteria菌群在反应器中占优势地位,β-proteobacteria菌群次之。其中,具有NO-3和ClO-4还原能力的Denitromonas sp.和Azospirillumsp.存在于反应器的底部、中部和上部的生物膜,能还原ClO-4的Dechloromonas sp.MissR被发现存在于反应器中部和上部的生物膜。  相似文献   

物理海洋传感器现状及未来发展趋势     

李红志  贾文娟  任炜  王祎  高艳波  赵宇梅 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(3):43-47

文中对目前我国物理海洋要素观测传感器技术发展现状进行了分析。在国家科技计划支持下,我国的物理海洋观测传感器技术取得了快速发展,但与国际上先进的传感器技术水平相比,国内具有自主知识产权的传感器仍有较大差距。随着未来海洋观测需求的不断发展,小型、轻重量、低功耗、高精度、高灵敏、智能化新型传感器必将是今后5~10年研究与开发的重点。  相似文献   

Experimental Study on Response Performance of VIV of A Flexible Riser with Helical Strakes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高云  付世晓  曹静  陈一帆 《海洋工程》2015,29(5):673-690

Laboratory tests were conducted on a flexible riser with and without helical strakes. The aim of the present work is to further understand the response performance of the vortex induced vibration (VIV) for a riser with helical strakes. The experiment was accomplished in the towing tank and the relative current was simulated by towing a flexible riser in one direction. Based on the modal analysis method, the displacement responses can be obtained by the measured strain. The strakes with different heights are analyzed here, and the response parameters like strain response and displacement response are studied. The experimental results show that the in-line (IL) response is as important as the cross-flow (CF) response, however, many industrial analysis methods usually ignore the IL response due to VIV. The results also indicate that the response characteristics of a bare riser can be quite distinct from that of a riser with helical strakes, and the response performance depends on the geometry on the helical strakes closely. The fatigue damage is further discussed and the results show that the fatigue damage in the CF direction is of the same order as that in the IL direction for the bare riser. However, for the riser with helical strakes, the fatigue damage in the CF direction is much smaller than that in the IL direction.  相似文献   

大学治理结构:内涵、现状和思路     

高秀梅 《广东海洋大学学报》2015,(2):81-84

从大学治理的基本内涵出发,分析大学治理结构现状,并针对横向上政治权力、行政权力、学术权力和民主权力等4种权力关系的不平衡,以及纵向上校院两级责任、权利、利益不对等的问题,提出完善大学治理结构的思路,即通过横向分权和纵向放权的方式给出高等学校利益相关者的关系框架,同时加强大学文化建设。  相似文献