季节冻土区压实黄土湿陷特性研究进展与展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李国玉  马巍  穆彦虎  毛云程  陈赵育  王飞  房建宏 《冰川冻土》2014,36(4):934-943

随着国家西部大开发的深入发展,国家重点基础工程向西部季节冻土区和湿陷性黄土地区推进,工程面临的黄土湿陷性问题和冻融灾害问题已成为研究和设计人员关注的焦点. 基于前期的研究基础,分析和总结了压实黄土湿陷机理、本构模型和强度理论、工程特性、干湿和冻融循环以及盐分对压实黄土工程特性的影响等方面的研究现状,提出季节冻土区黄土工程面临的问题和研究展望,为完善黄土地基湿陷机理解释和深化黄土力学与工程等研究提供新思路和新方法.  相似文献   

基于综合气象干旱指数的中国干旱变化趋势研究   总被引：29，自引：2，他引：27  

邹旭恺  任国玉  张强 《气候与环境研究》2010,15(4):371-378

基于中国606个地面台站1951～2008年的逐日降水量和气温资料,采用综合气象干旱指数CI统计分析了中国全国及十大江河流域近60年的干旱变化趋势。结果表明,近60年来,从整体来看,中国干旱面积呈现出弱的增加趋势。干旱持续时间长的几个中心分别位于北方的辽河流域西部、黄河流域东部、海河流域、西南诸河流域东南部等地,最长持续时间可达4个月以上;北方江河流域干旱面积一般表现出增加趋势,其中松花江流域、辽河流域、海河流域干旱面积出现显著的增加趋势,辽河流域、海河流域、黄河流域在20世纪90年代中后期至21世纪前期连续数年出现大范围干旱,南方大多数江河流域干旱面积的变化趋势不明显,只有西南诸河流域有显著的减少趋势。  相似文献   

河南省月和年降水量正态性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王纪军  任国玉  匡晓燕  汪方 《气候与环境研究》2010,15(4):522-528

利用1957～2008年(共52年)河南省48个气象站月、年降水量资料,利用标准偏态系数和峰度系数检验方法,对降水量的正态性进行了分析。结果表明,河南省大多数气象站的月和年降水量不服从正态分布,但对降水量序列进行开平方或开立方处理后,降水量序列的正态性得到明显的改善。半数台站的年降水量原始序列服从正态分布。对各站偏态系数进行平均,可以发现,所有站月序列的偏态系数均为原序列的最大,立方根序列的偏态系数最小。原序列均为正偏,平方根序列以正偏为主,立方根序列则以负偏为主。所有站月原序列的峰度系数均为正数,平方根或立方根的峰度系数则正负相间。  相似文献   

石家庄城市与郊县站地面平均最低、最高气温差异   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

卞韬  任国玉  连志鸾  张翠华  张玉凤 《气象科技》2010,38(6):721-726

应用石家庄地区17个站1955—2006年逐日最低、最高气温资料,统计分析了16个郊县站与石家庄市区站最低、最高气温的差值。结果表明:各郊县站年平均最低、最高气温均比石家庄市站低,最低气温偏低0.17～2.07℃,16个站平均偏低1.02℃;最高气温偏低0.01～0.55℃,16个站平均偏低0.28℃。郊县站平均最低气温偏低程度在冬季更明显,1月平均达到1.69℃,夏季偏低程度比较弱,但最弱的7月也有0.49℃;最高气温的偏低程度也在冬季明显,但季节性差异没有最低气温大。不论最低气温,还是最高气温,各县(市)站与石家庄市区站之间的差异均存在明显的随时间增大现象,最低气温20世纪90年代初以来增大尤其明显。石家庄市区站地面最低、最高气温记录反映出明显的城市热岛效应影响。  相似文献   

河北地区边界层内不同高度风速变化特征   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  

刘学锋  任国玉  梁秀慧  秦莉  张成伟  范增禄 《气象》2009,35(7):46-53

为了研究城市化进程对风速变化的影响,利用1971-2006年河北省境内邢台、张家口和乐亭3个探空站高空风观测资料和对应地面站风观测资料,统计分析了边界层内距地面10m、300m、600m、900m 4个高度的长期风速变化特征,比较了不同高度风速变化趋势的异同.分析结果表明:3站年和季节平均风速随着距地面高度的增加而变大,但最大的风速垂直递增率出现在从10m到300m之间;各站各高度层月平均风速具有明显的季节变化特征,春季风速最大,夏季较小;在近36年里,3站平均的地面(10m高)年和季节平均风速变化存在显著的减少趋势,300m以上各高度层平均风速一般也降低,但远没有地面明显;不同高度平均风速变化趋势的差异可能主要是由城市化以及台站附近观测环境的改变引起的,这使得地面风速明显减弱;但地面以上各层平均风速同样存在一定减弱现象,说明背景大气环流的变化也是地面风速下降的原因之一.  相似文献   

1951～2009年东亚地区日降水趋势特征分析     

战云健  任国玉  任玉玉  李娇 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(6):767-780

研究大陆或次大陆尺度日降水长期趋势变化规律,对于检测、理解区域气候和陆地水循环对全球气候变暖的响应特征十分重要。利用美国国家气候资料中心(NCDC)和中国基准气候站、基本气象站网降水观测资料,在对该站点资料进行基本质量控制基础上,选取东亚地区619个站1951～2009年日降水数据,按照百分位阈值对降水进行分级,共分为弱、中、强、极强4个级别,用经纬度网格面积加权平均方法构建区域平均的时间序列,分析了各类降水事件长期变化趋势的时空特征。结果表明:东亚地区近59年平均总降水量表现出不显著下降趋势,降水日数没有出现趋势性变化,平均日降水强度略有减小;区域平均的年降水量、降水日数和日降水强度在中国北方大部、蒙古东部、俄罗斯远东地区南部和日本列岛多呈减少趋势,而在俄罗斯中西伯利亚南部、朝鲜半岛南部和中国长江中下游流域一般表现为增加。从季节上看,近59年东亚区域平均的冬、春季降水量、降水日数和日降水强度均呈增加趋势,而夏、秋季一般呈减少趋势,仅夏季日降水强度略有增加。降水的年内分配出现均匀化趋势。从不同级别降水事件看,近59年来东亚区域平均的各级别降水量均为下降趋势,中降水、强降水和极强降水日数也呈现下降趋势,弱降水日数表现出较明显增加;仅有全区秋季强降水量、日数减少趋势和冬季中降水量、日数增加趋势通过了显著性水平检验。分析还发现,近30年(1980～2009年)东亚地区日降水趋势变化出现了新的特征,主要表现为大部分地区降水日数呈现增加,日降水强度减少,45°N以南多数台站降水量也增加,全区降水有向非极端化方向发展趋势。  相似文献   

中国地面气温变化趋势中的城市化影响偏差   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

张爱英  任国玉  周江兴  初子莹  任玉玉  唐国利 《气象学报》2010,68(6):957-966

在中国大陆2300个气象台站网中遴选出138个参考站,对614个国家级气象站和138个参考站1961 2004年的月平均气温资料进行了非均一性检验和订正,利用REOF(旋转主分量)分析方法,按照气温变率空间相关特点将中国大陆划分为6大区域,并采用经纬度网格面积加权平均法分别建立了中国大陆及其6大区域平均的国家站和参考站的月、季、年地面气温时间序列,对国家站和参考站序列进行了对比分析。结果表明,由国家站资料建立的中国大陆年平均气温序列在44年间线性增温率为0.278 C/10 a,而由参考站资料建立的中国大陆年平均气温序列同期增温率为0.202℃/10 a。就中国大陆平均来说,1961 2004年国家级站城市化增温率为0.076 C/10 a,占全部增温率的27.33%。在6大区域中,除北疆区外,其他地区年平均城市化增温率均非常显著。其中城市化影响最大的地区是江淮区,年平均热岛增温率为0.086℃/10 a,其后依次为东北华北区、青藏高原区、华南区和西北区,年平均热岛增温率分别达到0.060、0.059、0.042和0.042℃/10 a。各区域年平均热岛增温贡献率由大到小排列依次为江淮区55.48%、青藏高原区23.23%、华南区23.20%、东北华北区15.35%、西北区13.73%、北疆区-1.57%。因此,中国大陆20世纪60年代初以来城市化造成的国家站地面气温增暖偏差非常显著,今后应予以订正,以便建立代表背景气候变化的区域平均气温序列。  相似文献   

Recent Progress in Studies of Climate Change in China   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

REN Guoyu  DING Yihui  ZHAO Zongci  ZHENG Jingyun  WU Tongwen  TANG Guoli  XU Ying 《大气科学进展》2012,29(5):958-977

An overview of basic research on climate change in recent years in China is presented. In the past 100 years in China, average annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) has increased at a rate ranging from 0.03℃ (10 yr)-1 to 0.12℃ (10 yr)-1 . This warming is more evident in northern China and is more significant in winter and spring. In the past 50 years in China, at least 27% of the average annual warming has been caused by urbanization. Overall, no significant trends have been detected in annual and/or summer precipitation in China on a whole for the past 100 years or 50 years. Both increases and decreases in frequencies of major extreme climate events have been observed for the past 50 years. The frequencies of extreme temperature events have generally displayed a consistent pattern of change across the country, while the frequencies of extreme precipitation events have shown only regionally and seasonally significant trends. The frequency of tropical cyclone landfall decreased slightly, but the frequency of sand/dust storms decreased significantly. Proxy records indicate that the annual mean SAT in the past a few decades is the highest in the past 400-500 years in China, but it may not have exceeded the highest level of the Medieval Warm Period (1000-1300 AD). Proxy records also indicate that droughts and floods in eastern China have been characterized by continuously abnormal rainfall periods, with the frequencies of extreme droughts and floods in the 20th century most likely being near the average levels of the past 2000 years. The attribution studies suggest that increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere are likely to be a main factor for the observed surface warming nationwide. The Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins underwent a cooling trend in summer over the past 50 years, which might have been caused by increased aerosol concentrations and cloud cover. However, natural climate variability might have been a main driver for the mean and extreme precipitation variations observed over the past century. Climate models generally perform well in simulating the variations of annual mean SAT in China. They have also been used to project future changes in SAT under varied GHG emission scenarios. Large uncertainties have remained in these model-based projections, however, especially for the projected trends of regional precipitation and extreme climate events.  相似文献   

Inconsistencies of precipitation in the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau between surface adjusted data and reanalysis   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Qinglong You  Klaus Fraedrich  Guoyu Ren  Baisheng Ye  Xianhong Meng  Shichang Kang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(3-4):485-496

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the source of many Asian river systems and serves as “the Asian water tower”. Precipitation variability is a strong component of both hydrological processes and energy cycles, and the study of precipitation in the TP is of great importance in the content of global warming. In this study, the annual and seasonal (spring: MAM; summer: JJA; autumn: SON; and winter: DJF) variations in precipitation are investigated in the eastern and central TP during 1961–2007, based on surface raw and adjusted observations as well as both NCEP/NCAR (1961–2007) and ERA-40 (1961–2001) reanalyses. The adjusted precipitation in the TP is higher than raw values on both the annual and seasonal basis due to adjustments of solid precipitation by a bias experiential model. At the annual spring and winter scales, the adjusted precipitation shows a significant increase calculated by the Mann–Kendall trend test. Compared with adjusted precipitation; both NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalyses capture the broad spatial distributions of mean annual and seasonal precipitation, but are less good at repeating the decadal variability. Both reanalyses show the drying phenomena in most regions and fail to represent the change patterns of precipitation observed by the adjusted observations. Both NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 have larger inconsistencies which may be caused by the differences between actual and model topography. This suggests that it is crucial to use the adjusted precipitation in the climate research and reanalysis products should be paid more attention in the TP.  相似文献   

Representativeness of Four Precipitation Observational Networks of China          下载免费PDF全文

REN Yuyu  REN Guoyu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):454-466

Four precipitation observational networks with varied station densities are maintained in China. They are: the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS) Surface Network (GSN), the national Reference Climate Network (RCN), the national Basic Meteorological Network (BMN), and the national Ordinary Meteorological Network (OMN). The GSN, RCN, BMN, and the merged network of RCN and BMN (R&B) have been widely used in climatology and climate change studies. In this paper, the impact of the usage of different networks on the precipitation climatology of China is evaluated by using the merged dataset of All Station Network (ASN) as a benchmark. The results show that all networks can capture the main features of the country average precipitation and its changing trends. The differences of average annual precipitation of the various networks from that of the ASN are less than 50 mm ( 10%). All networks can successfully detect the rising trend of the average annual precipitation during 1961-2009, with the R&B exhibiting the best representativeness (only 2.90% relative difference) and the GSN the poorest (39.77%). As to the change trends of country average monthly precipitation, the networks can be ranked in descending order as R&B (1.27%), RCN (2.35%), BMN (4.17%), and GSN (7.46%), and larger relative differences appear from August to November. The networks produce quite consistent spatial patterns of annual precipitation change trends, and all show an increasing trend of precipitation in Northwest and Southeast China, and a decreasing trend in North China, Northeast China, and parts of central China. However, the representativeness of the BMN and R&B are better in annual and seasonal precipitation trends, in spite of the fact that they are still far from satisfactory. The relative differences of trends in some months and regions even reach more than 50%. The results also show that the representativeness of the RCN for country average precipitation is higher than that of the BMN because the RCN has a more homogeneous distribution of stations.  相似文献