全新世中国夏季降水量变化的两种模态   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王绍武  黄建斌  闻新宇  杨保  任国玉 《第四纪研究》2009,29(6):1086-1094

根据气候模拟的夏季降水量及古气候湿润度代用资料,指出全新世中国夏季降水量变化存在两种模态。模态1：降水量异常的中心为一个东北－西南向的带; 从东北、内蒙东部、经华北、河套到青藏高原为一正异常中心。模拟结果的EOF分析表明这种模态占模拟的全新世中国夏季降水量变化总方差的75.8%。全新世降水量变化的模拟主要考虑地球轨道要素,其中岁差起着重要作用。因此,这个模态可以称为岁差模。岁差模主要反映近万年全新世降水变化的趋势。模态2：降水量异常分布在中国东部(100°E以东)自北向南表现为负－正－负分布。负异常在内蒙中部到华北,正异常在黄河中游、淮河、到长江流域,江南部分地区又有负异常。这与模拟的大西洋热盐环流减弱所造成的中国夏季降水量异常分布一致。因此,这个模态可能与全新世的气候突变有关,称为气候突变模。覆盖中国的80个代用资料序列给出的9kaB.P.和4kaB.P.干湿分布,证明早全新世气候湿润,晚全新世气候干旱。这种变化趋势主要反映了岁差的影响。同时,4kaB.P.虽然干旱分布广泛,但是长江流域、关中地区到高原东部则有若干气候湿润的指示。这表明4kaB.P.同时受岁差及气候突变的影响。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal characteristics of TOMS-based dust aerosol optical depth in northern China during 1978–2005     

Xiaoyu Ren  Yun Xie  Guoyu Ren 《Earth Science Informatics》2017,10(1):41-53

Using the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) earth satellites, the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) as indicated by AOD Index (AI) for the period 1978–2005 is analyzed for northern China. The spatial distribution of annual mean AI has the largest values in the desert regions of northwestern China, such as southern Xinjiang Taklimakan Basin, western Gansu and Qinghai’s Qaidam Basin. Large values are found in western Inner Mongolia, the Jogger Basin, and north of the Loess Plateau, as well as in the North China and Northeast China Plains. In Northern China, the AI of spring and summer is larger than in other seasons. The large AI values in spring register the most extensive coverage, but the AI values in regions affected by the Asian monsoon experience a significant decrease during the summer season. The lowest AI values generally occur in autumn in North and Northeast China, but they appear in winter in the northwestern arid region. Overall, the analysis results using TOMS AI data well reflect the spatiotemporal characteristics of dust aerosol as reported previously based on the dust weather observation data, with greater consistency seen in northwestern arid and semi-arid regions. It is also realized that the TOMS AI data are potentially useful for estimating atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition flux in northern China in order to better understand the formation and evolution of China loess in the Quaternary.  相似文献   

冻结作用下考虑补水层影响的水分迁移试验     

翟金榜  芮大虎  张军  李国玉  伊藤譲 《冰川冻土》2019,41(6):1406-1413

冻融协同淋洗修复污染土壤的过程中,为了提高淋洗效率,须使土体在冻结过程中吸收更多的水分或淋洗液。因此,通过室内大尺寸单向冻结水分迁移试验,开展了开放系统下温度梯度、冻结速率及补水方式对水分迁移的影响研究。试验结果表明：冻结过程中土中水分迁移与温度梯度的变化速率有关,变化速率越大水分迁移量越大;可以通过边界温度控制冻结锋面推移速度进而影响土中水分的迁移,当冻结锋面推移速度为0.5 cm·d^-1左右时,补水速率最大;距离冻结锋面越近水分迁移量越大,当距离冻结锋面10 cm左右时,水分迁移量开始增大,可通过在土体中添加多层补水层的方式让土体吸收更多的水分;有外界水源的补给下土体含水量整体增加,但上层土体含水量增加较多,下层土体含水量增加较少。  相似文献   

黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地系列形成中构造作用的多层次性分析   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

邢成起  丁国瑜  卢演俦  申旭辉  田勤俭  尹功明  柴炽章  韦开波 《中国地震》2001,17(2):187-201

黄河在流经青藏市原东北缘海原－同以弧形构造区的过程中,发育了多达10－21组的斯座和侵蚀型阶地,其最大拔河高度为40lm,最高阶地的发育年代为1．57MaBP。通过对该区米家山、车木峡和黑山峡河口3处黄河阶地以及我国北方大范围内河流阶地的对比分析发现,河流阶地系列形成中在构造作用上具有多层次性特征,即它包含了不同范围或规模和不同级次构造隆升作用所导致的阶地。研究区的黄河阶地系列可以划分为3个层次。其中,第一层次的阶地共有6级,为我国北方大范围内同期形成的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来青藏高原阶段性隆升的次数,其隆升幅度由西向东逐渐减小;第二层次的阶地共有5级,为海原－天景山构造区内同期发育的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来该构造区本身自隆升的次数和幅度;第三层次阶地为发育在米家山东坡的10级不同期阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来海原构造山地独自的抬升的次数和幅度。阶地发育时间与黄土－古土壤序列的对比还表明,反映青藏高原大范围构造隆升的第一层次阶地与气候变化之间有很好的可对比性,其形成年代均与相应古土壤发育时间的间冰期对应,暗示导致河流下切的在范围构造抬升与强干冷期后同样可导致河流下切的气候暖湿期紧密相关,它们共同组成了构造－气候旋回。第二层次和第三层次阶地的形成时间与气候变化之间无统一特定的关系,显示它们的形成更主要的受控于天景山块体和海原构造带的隆升作用。因此,研究区的河流阶地主要可分为2种成因类型。一种是在大范围构造抬升和气候变化联合作用下形成的构造－气候旋回阶地,此类阶地分布范围广,具有区域间的可对比性;另一种是以局部构造抬升为主导因素形成的脉动式构造旋回阶地,此类阶地的分布受 控于活动构造带,在构造区带内自成体系,不具有区域间的可对比性。  相似文献   

我们未来的气候:人类的干预有多大?   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

任国玉 《气象》2003,29(3):3-7

对有关气候变化的观测事实和可能原因的研究做了简要回顾和总结，对21世纪人类活动和自然因子对气候系统的可能影响做了扼要讨论。近20余年全球气候变化科学有明显的进步，但要对21世纪气候趋势做出可靠预测，还需要在过去气候演化历史和成因、全球碳循环、气候系统模式与模拟、土地利用和土地覆盖变化的影响以及气候系统的稳定性等方面开展深入研究，以便进一步减少科学上的不确定性。  相似文献   

Comparison　of　River　Terraces　in　the　Middle　Reach　Valleys　of　the　Yellow　River　and　Analysis　on　the　Multi-Gradational　Features　of　Tectonism　in　the　Formation　of　Terrace　Series     

XING Chengqi  Ding Guoyu  LU Yanchou  Shen Xuhui  Tian Qinjian  YIN Gongming  CHAI Zhizhang  WEI Kaibo 《中国地震研究》2003,17(2):183-198

Where the Yellow River flows through the Haiyuan-Tongxin arc-form tectonic region on the northeastern side of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, as many as 10～21 basis and erosion terraces have been produced, among which the biggest altitude above river level is 401m and the formation age of the highest terrace is 1.57 Ma B.P. Based on comparative analysis of the Yellow River terraces located separately in the Mijiashan mountain, the Chemuxia gorge, the Heishanxia gorge and the other river terraces in the vast extent of the northern part of China, it has been found that the tectonic processes resulting in the formation of the terrace series is one of multi-gradational features, i.e., a terrace series can include the various terraces produced by tectonic uplifts of different scopes or scales and different ranks. The Yellow River terrace series in the study region can be divided into three grades. Among them, in the first grade there are 6 terraces which were formed separately at the same time in the vast extent of the northern part of China and represent the number and magnitude of uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since 1.6 Ma B. P. ; in the second grade there are 5 terraces which were separately and simultaneously developed within the Haiyuan-Tianjingshan tectonic region and represent the number and magnitude of uplift of this tectonic region itself since 1.6Ma B. P.; in the third grade there are 10 terraces which developed on the eastern slope of the Mijiashan mountain and represent the number and amplitude of uplift of the Haiyuan tectonic belt itself since 1.6Ma B.P. Comparison of the terrace ages with loess-paleosoil sequence has also showed that the first grade terraces reflecting the vast scope uplifts of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are very comparable with climatic changes and their formation ages all correspond to the interglacial epochs during which paleosoils were formed. This implies that the vast extent tectonic uplifts resulting in river down-cutting are closely related to the warm-humid climatic periods which can also resnit in river downward erosion after strong dry and cold climatic periods, and they have jointly formed the tectonic-climatic cycles. There exists no unanimous and specific relationship between the formation ages of the second and third grade terraces and climatic changes and it is shown that the formation of those terraces was most mainly controlled by tectonic uplifts of the Tianjingshan block and the Haiyuan belt. The river terraces in the study region, therefore, may belong to 2 kinds of formation cause. One is a tectonic-climatic cyclical terrace produced jointly by vast extent tectonic uplifts and climatic changes, and the terraces of this kind are extensively distributed and can be well compared with each other among regions. Another is a pulse-tectonic cyclical terrace produced by local tectonic uplifts as dominant elements, and their distribution is restricted within an active belt and can not be compared with among regions.  相似文献   

TDT-25型地温传感器的设计     

刘桂生  张国育  吴怀壮  陈粤坚 《地震地磁观测与研究》2003,24(4):56-60

介绍了专用于地震前兆观测的TDT—25型地温传感器的设计原理及其各个功能模块的工作原理。文章还给出了该地温传感器的测试结果和应用图例，证明该传感器完全满足地震前兆观测的需要。  相似文献   

我国北方沙尘天气演变趋势及其气候成因分析   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

张莉丁一汇  任国玉 《应用气象学报》2005,16(5):583-592

利用地面气象观测资料,分析了我国北方1954～2001年年、季沙尘天气发生日数的演变规律及其与主要气候要素,风速、相对湿度、降水、气温和干燥度的相关关系,用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了冬春气压梯度的变化趋势。结果表明:近50年来,造成我国北方沙尘天气频率显著下降的直接自然原因是沙尘源区和发生区平均风速和大风日数的减少、主要沙尘源区降水量特别是春季及其前冬降水量的增加以及由于源区降水增加引起的大气和土壤湿润程度的改善。冬春季节气压梯度的减小是风速减小、进而导致沙尘日数减小的关键间接因素。  相似文献   

关于两类环境问题的研究─21世纪中国东部主要工程地质课题初析     

罗国煜  储同庆 《工程地质学报》1995,(4)

本文认为环境岩土工程问题与污染和生态破坏环境问题是等价的。所以，存在着两类同样重要的环境问题。关于两类环境问题的类型划分和内容，文中做了系统介绍和讨论。并着重对我国东部３个有重要意义的主要环境岩土工程问题进行了分析。  相似文献   

论城市环境岩土工程研究   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

罗国煜 《工程地质学报》1993,1(1):26-35

城市环境岩士工程问题是当前岩土工程和工程地质界研究的热点。本文认为,大城市不稳定性、环境水利与环境污染是其三个主要问题,并做了分析论证。根据系统科学思维原则,文中对人们感兴趣的研究方法论问题,提出了五点基本认识。  相似文献