Spatial variations of terrain and their impacts on landscape patterns in the transition zone from mountains to plains—A case study of Qihe River Basin in the Taihang Mountains   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Jingjing Zhang  Wenbo Zhu  Fang Zhao  Lianqi Zhu  Maojuan Li  Ming Zhu  Xiaodong Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(4):450-461

Terrain plays a key role in landscape pattern formation, particularly in the transition zones from mountains to plains. Exploring the relationships between terrain characteristics and landscape types in terrain-complex areas can help reveal the mechanisms underlying the relationships. In this study, Qihe River Basin, situated in the transition zone from the Taihang Mountains to the North-China Plain, was selected as a case study area. First, the spatial variations in the relief amplitudes (i.e., high-amplitude terrain undulations) were analyzed. Second, the effects of relief amplitudes on the landscape patterns were indepth investigated from the perspectives of both landscape types and landscape indices. Finally, a logistic regression model was employed to examine the relationships between the landscape patterns and the influencing factors (natural and human) at different relief amplitudes. The results show that with increasing relief amplitude, anthropogenic landscapes gradually give in to natural landscapes. Specifically, human factors normally dominate the gentle areas (e.g., flat areas) in influencing the distribution of landscape types, and natural factors normally dominate the highly-undulating areas (e.g., moderate relief areas). As for the intermediately undulating areas (i.e., medium relief amplitudes), a combined influence of natural and human factors result in the highest varieties of landscape types. The results also show that in micro-relief areas and small relief areas where natural factors and human factors are more or less equally active, landscape types are affected by a combination of natural and human factors. The combination leads to a high fragmentation and a high diversity of landscape patterns. It seems that appropriate human interferences in these areas can be conducive to enhancing landscape diversity and that inappropriate human interferences can aggravate the problems of landscape fragmentation.  相似文献   

遥感数据产品真实性检验不确定性分析研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

吴小丹  肖青  闻建光  刘强  彭菁菁  李小文 《遥感学报》2014,18(5):1011-1023

不确定性分析是遥感产品真实性检验最重要的部分,本文以叶面积指数LAI为例,从测量、模型以及蕴含在测量和模型中的尺度效应3个方面分析产品真实性检验过程的不确定性来源,并针对问题提出减小其不确定性的办法。对于相对均一的地表,地面测量的空间代表性比较好,可不考虑地表空间代表性引起的尺度效应和蕴含在模型中的尺度效应引起的不确定性。针对异质性地表,分为两种情况:若模型是线性的,蕴含在模型中的尺度效应可以忽略,只需要考虑测量的不确定性、模型本身的不确定性、以及地面测量的空间代表性引起的尺度效应;若模型是非线性的,则测量、模型和蕴含在测量和模型中的尺度效应引起的不确定性都需要考虑。  相似文献   

湖泊水体微生物四醚膜脂化合物研究进展     

李婧婧  杨欢  郑峰峰  高超  雷丽丹 《湖泊科学》2021,33(5):1334-1349

来源于微生物膜脂的甘油二烷基甘油四醚类(GDGTs)化合物是近年来被广泛用于古环境定量重建研究的化合物之一,究其原因在于此类化合物对环境响应敏感,特别是温度与pH值等,据此而建立的一系列GDGTs指标有效定量重建海洋、湖泊、泥炭以及土壤等不同沉积载体的环境信息.目前已在全球范围广泛开展湖泊沉积物GDGTs的研究工作,相继建立的全球以及不同区域尺度的湖泊沉积物GDGTs校正方程,已被用于湖泊古环境的定量重建研究,有效记载古湖泊环境变迁信息.相较之下,基于湖泊水体GDGTs的调查工作则起步较晚,但越来越多的研究显示,不同类型湖泊水体普遍贡献GDGTs,然而究竟此类水生来源GDGTs是否与陆源以及湖泊沉积物GDGTs具有类似的分布,以及他们对环境因素的响应如何,这都为湖泊古温度定量重建研究带来不确定性.基于此,本文总结这10年来湖泊水体GDGTs研究工作的进展,首先阐述湖泊水体不同来源(古菌以及细菌)GDGTs的分布情况,研究发现水体不同层位GDGTs浓度以及各组分之间存在差异,并且水深在不同湖泊对GDGTs浓度以及各组分相对比例的影响存在差异.此外还总结湖泊水体中古菌来源isoGDGTs以及细菌来源brGDGTs的生物来源,并进一步分析环境因素对不同深度水体GDGTs分布的影响,虽然温度依然是影响水体中GDGTs分布的首要因素之一,然而湖泊水深、温度以及水体中溶解氧浓度等因素存在着一定的耦合关系,这些因素往往协同作用于水体GDGTs,因此会为评估环境因素对水体GDGTs的影响带来难度.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源分析     

王毛兰  熊鑫  何昶  赵茜宇  刘景景 《湖泊科学》2021,33(1):158-167

通过对鱼苗时期鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物、饵料及鱼粪等样品总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、δ^13 C及δ^15 N的测定,分析探讨了鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源,量化了网箱养殖废物对养殖区沉积物有机质的贡献.结果表明,网箱养殖区沉积物的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-27.67‰~-25.65‰和5.19‰~7.27‰,饵料的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-24.73‰和10.28‰,鱼粪的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-26.30‰和15.54‰.网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源主要有残饵、浮游生物及其他来源,其贡献率分别为48.3%±11.4%、25.6%±11.3%及26.0%±5.8%,而鱼粪的贡献几乎可以忽略不计.在水动力平流引起的扩散及沉积物的再悬浮的影响下,网箱养殖源有机质的扩散距离达1500 m.在鱼苗时期,鱼类网箱养殖的残饵是鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质的主要来源.  相似文献   

橡胶砂垫层在不同类别场地上的减震效应研究     

刘方成  姚玉文  吴孟桃  王菁菁 《地震工程与工程振动》2019,39(1):128-137

橡胶砂(RSM)垫层减震是一种适用于低层房屋的低成本减震方法,关于场地类别对其减震效应影响的研究尚未开展。采用简化的层间剪切模型模拟减震垫层-上部结构动力相互作用体系,建立了RSM垫层"减震地基"分析模型。针对30%配比的橡胶砂,考虑3种垫层厚度200 mm/300 mm/500 mm、4种基底压力50 kPa～300 kPa,基于对取自于不同场地类别的195条地震波的刚性地基反应谱和RSM垫层"减震地基"反应谱的分析对比,得到以下结论:(1)RSM垫层的减震效应受场地类别的影响,场地卓越周期越短,减震效应越好;(2)RSM垫层厚度越大,减震效应越好,但当垫层厚度达到500 mm时,减震性能鲁棒性变差,且这种鲁棒性的劣化与场地类别无关;(3)各种场地类别地震波作用下,RSM垫层减震效应均随输入地震加速度和基底应力的增大而增加,但随着前者的增加,后者的影响减小。  相似文献   

Evaluation of multidecadal and longer-term temperature changes since 850 CE based on Northern Hemisphere proxy-based reconstructions and model simulations     

Wang  Jianglin  Yang  Bao  Zheng  Jingyun  Zhang  Xuezhen  Wang  Zhiyuan  Fang  Miao  Shi  Feng  Liu  Jingjing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1126-1143

The temperature variability over multidecadal and longer timescales(e.g., the cold epochs in the late 15 th, 17 th, and early 19 th centuries) is significant and dominant in the millennium-long, large-scale reconstructions and model simulations;however, their temporal patterns in the reconstructed and simulated temperature series are not well understood and require a detailed assessment and comparison. Here, we compare the reconstructed and simulated temperature series for the Northern Hemisphere(NH) at multidecadal and longer-term timescales(30 years) by evaluating their covariance, climate sensitivity and amplitude of temperature changes. We found that covariances between different reconstructions or between reconstructions and simulations are generally high for the whole period of 850–1999 CE, due to their similar long-term temporal patterns. However,covariances between different reconstructions or between reconstructions and simulations steadily decline as time series extends further back in time, becoming particularly small during Medieval times. This is related to the large uncetainties in the reconstructions caused by the decreased number of proxy records and sample duplication during the pre-instrumental periods.Reconstructions based solely on tree-ring data show higher skill than multiproxy reconstructions in capturing the amplitude of volcanic cooling simulated by models. Meanwhile, climate models have a shorter recovery(i.e., lag) in response to the cooling caused by volcanic eruptions and solar activity minima, implying the lack of some important feedback mechanisms between external forcing and internal climate processes in climate models. Amplitudes of temperature variations in the latest published tree-ring reconstructions are comparable to those of the multiproxy reconstructions. We found that the temperature difference between the Medieval Climate Anomaly(950–1250 CE) and the Little Ice Age(1450–1850 CE) is generally larger in proxybased reconstructions than in model simulations, but the reason is unclear.  相似文献   

一种基于16S rRNA基因检测海洋浮游细菌群落的微阵列基因芯片     

赵维  王敬敬  梁亚杰  黄志勇 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(10):106-114

A better understanding of bacterioplankton community shifts following change in marine environments is critical to predict the marine ecosystem function. In order to get a snapshot of the microbial taxonomy profiling of a wide range marine area, a quick, convenient and low cost method would be favorable. In this study, we developed a 16S rRNA gene-based microarray using ARB software, which contained 447 probes targeting 160 families of marine bacteria. The specificity, sensitivity and quantitative capability of this microarray were assessed by single cloned16S rRNA genes. The reliability of this microarray was tested by eight environmental samples. The results showed that the microarray was specific, only 1.16% false results were detected in five single-clone hybridization tests. The microarray could detect DNA samples as few as 1 ng/μL and the signal intensity could reflect the relative abundance of the bacteria in the range of 1 ng/μL to 100 ng/μL of DNA concentration. Hybridization with environmental samples showed that it can discriminate bacterioplankton communities by sites and time. High throughput sequencing results from the eight samples confirmed the hybridization results. It indicated that this developed microarray could be used as a convenient tool to monitor the bacterioplankton community in marine environment.  相似文献   

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱联合测定海洋地质样品中52种元素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高晶晶  刘季花  李先国  鄢全树  王小静  汪虹敏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(1):109-117

An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method(HPCD), is studied by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The operating parameters of the instruments are optimized, and the optimal analytical parameters are determined. The influences of optical spectrum and mass spectrum interferences, digestion methods and acid systems on the analytical results are investigated. The optimal spectral lines and isotopes are chosen, and internal standard element of rhodium is selected to compensate for matrix effects and analytical signals drifting. Compared with the methods of an electric heating plate digestion and a microwave digestion, a high-pressure closed digestion method is optimized with less acid, complete digestion,less damage for digestion process. The marine geological samples are dissolved completely by a HF-HCl-HNO_3 system, the relative error(RE) for the analytical results are all less than 6.0%. The method detection limits are 2–40μg/g by the ICP-OES, and 6–80 ng/g by ICP-MS. The methods are used to determine the marine sediment reference materials(GBW07309, GBW07311, GBW07313), rock reference materials(GBW07103, GBW07104,GBW07105), and cobalt-rich crust reference materials(GBW07337, GBW07338, GBW07339), the obtained analytical results are in agreement with the certified values, and both of the relative standard deviation(RSD) and the relative error(RE) are less than 6.0%. The analytical method meets the requirements for determining 52 elements contents of bulk marine geological samples.  相似文献   

广西北部湾海洋腐木产孢真菌的分离鉴定和抗菌活性菌株筛选          下载免费PDF全文

龚斌  方怀义  熊拯  义翠花  廖日权  宋静静  张艳秋 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(1):096-102

采集广西北部湾钦州附近月亮湾、钦州港和茅尾海海域海洋腐木,采用稀释法分离纯化得到32株产孢真菌,对真菌的菌落、孢子和菌丝形态进行研究,32株真菌可被分为5种真菌类型,其中第I、II和III种类型的真菌仅分离于月亮湾,第IV和V种类型在3个样品采集地均有分离.通过ITS基因测序表明,32株真菌为5个不同的种,其分别属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota),可以确定种属的包括伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)和青霉菌属(Penicillium),其中分离的青霉菌属在数量上具有优势,占分离菌株总数的75%,属于优势种属.采用4种指示菌大肠杆菌(E.coli)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、烟草节杆菌(Arthrobacter nicotianae)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)检测抑菌活性,发现两株伞状霉属真菌Umbelopsis sp.B10和Umbelopsis sp.B9菌丝体提取物对四种指示菌均具有较强的抑制作用,另外两株青霉属真菌Penicillium sp.A5和Penicillium sp.B7的菌丝浸出物分别对革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性副溶血弧菌具有较强的抑制活性.本研究为首次报道广西北部湾海洋腐木真菌及其抗菌活性.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地深层致密油储层特征及致密化成因——以莫索湾—莫北地区侏罗系八道湾组为例     

孙靖  宋永  王仕莉  薛晶晶  贾开富  常秋生 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(1)

综合利用岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜及测井等资料,对准噶尔盆地莫索湾—莫北地区侏罗系八道湾组致密油储层特征及其致密化成因进行研究。结果表明:八道湾组储层为低—特低孔、低—特低渗储层,属典型的深层致密砂岩储层;储层砂体主要为三角洲前缘水下分流河道细砂岩、中—细砂岩,成分成熟度低,具有岩屑和塑性岩屑含量高及胶结物含量低的"两高一低"特征;垂向上以4 100和4 500m为界,可划分为减小原生孔、稳定混合孔及增加次生孔3个孔隙演化带;孔隙主要为中—小孔,孔喉类型以分选较差的中-细孔—细喉型为主,连通性和渗流能力相对较差,结构相对较差。储层致密化主要受控于沉积环境相对稳定性、岩石主要成分、储层埋藏深度及胶结物赋存状态4个因素,构成了致密化的背景、内因和外因;相对稳定的沉积环境、低成分成熟度、高岩屑和塑性岩屑含量、储层埋深大、压溶作用大量减孔,以及不同类型胶结物以4种状态充填孔喉,形成了八道湾组致密储层。  相似文献