公路网系对喀斯特流域水系结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹龙熹  张科利  孔亚平  梁音 《地理研究》2013,32(10):1833-1842

为了定量评价公路对地表水文过程的影响,选择典型喀斯特流域,在GIS水文分析功能支持下探讨了公路网系对流域水系结构的改变。研究表明:公路代表的人类强烈扰动集中分布在水系两侧1 km范围内。叠加路网之后流域内三级以下的低级水系数量和总长度显著增加,主河道分枝能力和流域平均分枝比增大,说明路网将增大河道行洪压力,同时减弱喀斯特流域的溶蚀作用而增强流水侵蚀作用。对子流域单元的统计分析表明,路面产流强度与子流域水系长度增加量之间存在较好的线性关系。在空间上,路网增加的水系在流域出口附近的集中程度较高。公路影响抑制喀斯特地下水系的径流调蓄作用,可能导致洪水期河流洪峰提前并增大洪峰流量,从而加剧洪灾风险。  相似文献   

Factors affecting rill erosion of unpaved loess roads in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Longxi Cao  Keli Zhang  Yin Liang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(13):1812-1821

This study explores factors that affect road surface erosion in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau. Global positioning system (GPS)‐assisted field surveys and geographical information system methods were applied. The results show that road surface rills in the watershed are more easily formed on main roads, which are disturbed by intensive human activities. Secondary unpaved road networks occupied the largest road surface area and contributed 49% of the total road surface rill volumes. Spatial analysis reveals that roads near residential areas or leading to other human‐disturbed land‐use types are at high risk of soil loss. In each road segment, slope gradient, road segment length and drainage area have impacts on surface rill formation and development. Among these factors, slope gradients have been verified as a controlling factor of rill erosion intensification. Both road segment length (R = 0.83, N = 82) and drainage area (R = 0.72 for road segment and 0.76 for upslope drainage areas, N = 82) significantly influence total road surface rill volumes. The interaction variable of road segment length multiplied by slope is more closely correlated with road segment soil loss than that of the independent variables alone. Linear equations composed of slope gradient, road segment length and upslope drainage area are proposed. The new equation performs much better at predicting surface soil loss from secondary road segments compared with the previous models, which have not considered upslope drainage areas. The relationships and equations from this study will be helpful for road erosion evaluation in a small watershed of the study area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modeling transfer of heavy metals in soil–rice system and their risk assessment in paddy fields     

Keli Zhao  Weiwen Zhang  Ling Zhou  Xingmei Liu  Jianming Xu  Panming Huang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(3):519-527

Many studies have been conducted on model transfer in soil–plant systems. However, relatively little information is available on modeling metal transfer in soil–rice system and associated risk assessment in real paddy fields. Based on a random sampling method from Nanxun, Shengzhou and Wenling in Zhejiang province, China, 15 pairs of rice and the corresponding soil samples were respectively collected for analysis of heavy metals and soil pH. The results showed that the accumulation ability of rice for different heavy metals was significantly different (p < 0.05), and was in the order of Cd > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb. The relationships of heavy metals in rice with those in soil, along with soil pH, were well described by linear regression models. Except for Pb, the contents of most metals in rice were positively correlated with those of the soil. Soil pH was negatively correlated with the contents of Cd, Zn and Ni in rice, and positively correlated with Pb in rice; however, it had less effect on Cr and Cu. Based on risk reference dose (R_fD), the risk assessment data indicated that the rice grown in Zhejiang paddy fields does pose some potential Cd and Cr contamination risk to food safety; rice in Shengzhou posed light Ni risk.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF SHOCK WAVES ON RILL FORMATION     

KeliZHANG LifangLUO ShuangcaiLI 《国际泥沙研究》2004,19(2):149-153

Hydraulic mechanism of fill formation was studied theoretically and experimentally. It was assumed that the impact of varied boundary on overland flow results in fluctuating of water surface, and shock waves that may contribute to the formation of fills. Both theoretical derivation and laboratory experiments were used to compare the hydraulic characteristics of flows with and without shock waves. Results showed that shock waves can lead to an increase in flow depth, flow velocity, and turbulence intensity. Consequently, flow shear stress or stream energy increase dramatically and fill headcuts may occur where shock waves converge.  相似文献   

黄土高原全新世黄土重矿物研究及其土壤发生学意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

贺秀斌  雷祥义 《地理科学》1996,16(2):159-163

  相似文献   

黄土丘陵林地土壤侵蚀与土壤性质变化   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

查小春  唐克丽 《地理学报》2003,13(3):373-378

以黄土丘陵子午岭土壤侵蚀和生态环境观测站1989~1998年的观测资料为基础,研究分析了林地开垦10年内土壤侵蚀与生态环境变化的相互效应关系。分析指出:林地开垦人为改变侵蚀环境,引起的人为加速侵蚀速率为自然侵蚀速率的1000倍以上;以单位降雨侵蚀力引起的侵蚀量作为衡量指标,指出林地开垦地土壤侵蚀强度随侵蚀年限增长呈递增加剧趋势;通过分析土壤物理力学性质表明,林地开垦侵蚀10年土壤粘粒和物理性粘粒比林地分别减少2.74%和3.01%,土壤向粗骨化趋势发展,>0.25 mm水稳性团粒含量减少58.7%,土壤容重增大,抗剪强度下降,抵抗径流冲刷能力减弱,造成土壤侵蚀更易发生;应用相关分析表明,>0.25 mm水稳性团粒含量的改变对土壤侵蚀强度影响最大,其偏相关系数为0.9728,其次是土壤的粗粉粒和抗剪强度,偏相关系数分别为0.8879和0.6020;分析>0.25 mm水稳性团粒含量和抗剪强度与土壤侵蚀强度关系表明,林地开垦后侵蚀1年和侵蚀7年为土壤侵蚀加剧的转折年限,说明退化的侵蚀土壤和退化的生态环境加剧了土壤侵蚀的发生和发展。  相似文献   

依兰煤田矿床充水因素研究     

王可丽 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(3):27-29

位于松花江两岸的依兰煤田是重点能源基地，矿床充水有关的主要含水层为第四系孔隙含水层和煤系风化裂隙含水层，通过对现有矿区含水层及地下水的补给、排泄资料，以及开采矿井的充水特征、充水因素的研究，提出了下一步应做的水文地质工作。  相似文献   

INFLUENCES OF NONUNIFORM STRATIFICATION ON WAVE RAYS OF INTERNAL GRAVITY WAVE^*          下载免费PDF全文

L&#; Keli  Xu Yamei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(3):372-382

In this paper the influences of nonuniform stratification on the propagating paths of internal inertial-gravity and pure gravity wave energy are discussed by using the WKB approximation method.The conditions for conservation of wave energy,generalized wave action and wave enstrophy are obtained.The necessary condition of instability for internal gravity waves and the equation governing the refraction of wave rays are derived.Two types of critical levels are given.Finally,the wave rays for different distributions of stratification are calculated by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.  相似文献   

青藏高原地区云对地面有效辐射的影响：Ⅰ.综合分析   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

王可丽  钟强 《高原气象》1994,13(1):57-64

本文利用１９８２年８月－１９８３年７月青藏高原地面热源观测试验资料，讨论了青藏高原地区地面有较辐射时空变化的基本特征，分析了地面有效辐射与云层覆盖率和云状的关系。结果表明：云是影响地面有效辐射变化的重要因子；地面有效辐射是云层覆盖率的二次函数，函数形式为二次三项式；地面有效辐射对云状变化的响应是非常明显的，中云（Ａｓ）对地面有效辐射的影响最大，其次是低云（Ｃｂ，Ｓｃ）。高云（Ｃｉ）对地面有效辐射的  相似文献   

大地形对切变基流上罗斯贝波稳定性的影响     

吕克利 《大气科学》1986,10(3):327-331

利用WKB近似讨论大地形对切变基流上Rossby波稳定性的影响.北半球东西走向地形有利导式长波槽辐合能量于地形北坡附近,对曳式长波槽有使能量从地形南坡区域辐散的趋势.南半球地形的影响正好相反.散度顶有利于导式长波槽在东西风带过渡区域的能量辐射,有利于曳式长波槽能量在这里辐合.  相似文献