Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans     

Nianzhi Jiao  Yantao Liang  Yongyu Zhang  Jihua Liu  Yao Zhang  Rui Zhang  Meixun Zhao  Minhan Dai  Weidong Zhai  Kunshan Gao  Jinming Song  Dongliang Yuan  Chao Li  Guanghui Lin  Xiaoping Huang  Hongqiang Yan  Limin Hu  Zenghu Zhang  Long Wang  Chunjie Cao  Yawei Luo  Tingwei Luo  Nannan Wang  Hongyue Dang  Dongxiao Wang  Si Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(11):1535-1563

The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km~2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr~(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr~(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr~(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr~(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr~(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr~(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr~(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr~(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr~(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area.  相似文献   

Study on uncertainty of inversion and resolution limit in the presence of noise     

Chunmei Luo  Shangxu Wang  Sanyi Yuan 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(5):1011-1018

This study analyzed the uncertainty of inversion and the resolution limit in the presence of noise by means of statistical experiments. The exhaustive method is adopted to obtain the global optimal solution in each experiment. We found that even with small level of noise, solutions fluctuate in a large range for the thin bed. The distribution of solutions in the presence of noise is closely related to the spread of the cost function in the absence of noise. As a result, the area of a certain neighborhood around the true solution on the spread of the cost function in the absence of noise is used to evaluate the uncertainty of inversion and the resolution limit in the presence of noise. In the case that the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) is 5 in this study, solutions focus around the true solution with a very small uncertainty only when the bed thickness is greater than the reciprocal of the double predominant frequency of the convoluting wavelet.  相似文献   

透空式防波堤周围的非线性波浪传播的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李熙  王义刚 《海洋工程》2004,22(3):97-101

对非线形波浪在透空式防波堤周围的波浪变形进行了数值模拟,在Boussinesq波浪方程中加入与透空建筑物有关的新的耗散项,从而界定了透空建筑物引起的部分反射和透射,波浪折射衍射的传播过程通过控制方程求解。波浪控制方程通过有限差分方法求解。模型应用于模拟波浪经过具有部分反射的群桩式透空结构,结果表明透空式防波堤可以有效地衰减波浪,是重力式结构的一种替代形式。  相似文献   

绕射波逆时偏移成像方法研究     

王晓毅  陈玺  杨振  张江杰 《地球物理学报》2022,65(1):320-332

地震剖面中的绕射点反应地下断层、尖灭、溶洞等不连续体的位置信息,因此绕射波对于实现小尺度构造的精细成像具有重要意义.基于逆时偏移的绕射波成像方案包括乘法成像条件法和倾角域拾取法.乘法成像条件利用正\负倾角构造剖面相乘实现绕射点的定位,倾角域拾取法则根据绕射波能量在角度域的特征进行拾取.其中,通过Hilbert变换和伴随...  相似文献   

Discussion on research advances and hot issues in diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoirs          下载免费PDF全文

Luo Jing-Lan  Li Chi  Lei Chuan  Cao Jiang-Jun  Song Kun-Peng 《古地理学报》2021,22(6):1021-1040

The research on diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoir is developing rapidly in recent ten years. Thus, it is of great significance in academic and scientific exploration to summarize the domestic and international research progress and the key issues of frontier research on diagenesis. The research progress, main achievement and recognition in diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoirs in recent years is discussed, and the hot issues or developing trend of diagenesis in the future is probed in this paper, on the basis of summarizing the previous research results and understanding, combined with the typical research examples at home and abroad. It is believed that great progress was obtained in provenance and parent rock constraints on sandstone types and their diagenetic evolution pathways, impact of fluid-rock interaction and its product on diagenesis, influence of thermodynamics and overpressure background on diagenesis and pore development, the timing sequence between hydrocarbon accumulation and filling process and the sandstone reservoir becoming low permeability-densification. At present, diagenetic research is developing in direction of the spatial and temporal dynamics and quantitative evolution mechanistic and diagenetic system controlled by the basin fluid dynamics, thermal dynamic processes, combining the micro-scale diagenesis research with the basin macroscopic background such as sedimentation from the source to the basin, burial history, hydrocarbon maturity and charge into reservoirs, tectonic evolution and fluid activity, and fluid and rock interaction.The aim of this paper is to induce the academic peers and experts in diagenesis and the related research fields to come forward with their valuable contributions, to cooperate and work together and joint efforts on the research exquisite, profundity and breadth of diagenesis, and application of the most advanced analytical measurement techniques and methods, as well as integration and infiltration of multidisciplinary, in order to promote the course of the clastic-rock reservoir diagenetic research in China.  相似文献   

塔里木河源流山区径流模拟及不确定性研究     

黄粤  陈曦  马勇刚 《中国沙漠》2010,30(5):1234-1238

自然环境恶劣、站点稀少、观测困难是干旱区水文系统研究面临的基本问题。特殊的自然地理条件给水文过程带来了极大的复杂性和不确定性,也阻碍了干旱区水文过程和机理研究的发展。选取塔里木河源区开都河流域为研究区,采用分布式水文模型MIKE SHE模拟大尺度资料稀缺地区水文过程,将流域内气象、水文站点数据与遥感数据相结合,利用气象、土壤类型、土地利用和地表覆盖、数字高程(DEM)和降雨等资料,模拟流域水文过程;在出山口径流数据的基础上对模型进行率定和验证;分析了模型中的不确定性的来源,探讨模型优化方法。结果表明,MIKE SHE模型能在水文、气象站点稀少,土壤及水文地质数据缺乏的条件下,模拟开都河流域的日径流过程,但精度仍有待提高;通过分析识别出了隐含于模型结构、输入及参数等3个方面的8种不确定性来源。  相似文献   

基于多源异构数据的粮食作物种植面积提取          下载免费PDF全文

李国庭  王德强  赵德良  李泺  刘昊  王元美  何孟桥 《山东国土资源》2022,38(8)

利用遥感影像进行农作物面积提取已经普遍应用到农作物种植面积提取工作中,但是普遍存在着提取效率低,精度达不到生产要求。随着高分辨率传感器的相继问世,融合多平台遥感数据有利于提高分类和动态监测的精度。本文以日照市莒县粮食种植面积提取为例,融合多时相和多源异构数据,利用深度学习算法提取粮食种植区域,深入挖掘多源数据的互补效应,提出了融合多时段、多源地理信息提取农作物种植面积的方法,为实现农作物种植面积快速高效的提取奠定了基础。  相似文献   

南襄盆地地下水污染对水化学类型变化的指示意义     

崔向向  费宇红  李亚松  田夏  曹胜伟 《水文》2019,39(3):52-57

地下水水化学分类是按一定的规则将地下水中的化学成分归类,是认识地下水形成的重要途径。然而,在地下水受污染的条件下,污染质将成为地下水化学组分的一部分,指示着区域地下水化学类型受污染质影响。针对该问题采用了在舒卡列夫分类法中加入NO_3~-指标的方法,发现计入NO_3~-后水化学命名发生改变的点占17.2%,水化学类型新增了NO_3、Cl·NO_3、HCO_3·NO_3型水3种;原舒卡列夫分类中HCO_3型水所占面积略有增加,其它3种水化学类型面积有所减少。常规水化学分类法主要用于判断地下水的自然成因,而人类活动使浅层地下水的原生环境发生了较大变化,在进行与人为污染组分有关的地下水化学分类工作时,并不适用。因此,水化学分类中计入NO_3~-这一典型污染指示因子,有助于从污染角度研究地下水。  相似文献   

1954年甘肃山丹7(1/4)级地震史料补遗     

罗浩  雷中生  何文贵  刘百篪  曹娜  袁道阳 《震灾防御技术》2010,5(2):185-198

在归纳1954年山丹71/4级地震已有地震史料的基础上,根据新获得的朱允明(2006)《山丹地震考察笔记》的详细考察资料,按照《新中国地震烈度表》重新评定了本次地震中各考察点的地震烈度,重新绘制了该地震的等震线图。其中,极震区Ⅸ—Ⅹ度区长轴方向为北西向,呈扁椭圆形,长轴直径约40km;Ⅷ度区南西侧为山丹盆地,第四纪沉积较厚,地震烈度衰减缓慢,因此,Ⅷ度区等震线向南明显突出。1954年山丹71/4级地震极震区位于龙首山北缘断裂西段,大致与该断裂的包代河-黑头山段相吻合,综合分析认为,该段断裂是本次地震的主发震断层,而破喇嘛顶西缘断裂和毛湖洞断裂是重要的参与断裂。  相似文献   

阿拉伯海热带气旋生成特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

李畅  姜霞  沈新勇 《海洋气象学报》2021,41(4):62-72

利用印度气象局（India Meteorological Department,IMD）、国际气候管理最佳路径档案库（International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship,IBTrACS）提供的1982—2020年阿拉伯海热带气旋路径资料,美国国家环境预报中心（National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP）再分析资料,对近39 a阿拉伯海热带气旋源地和路径特征、活跃区域、频数及气旋累积能量（accumulated cyclone energy,ACE）指数的季节特征和年际变化特征进行分析,并结合环境因素,说明其物理成因。结果表明：阿拉伯海热带气旋多发于10°~25°N,65°~75°E海域,5—6月、9—12月发生频数较高且强度较强,1—4月、7—8月发生频数较低且气旋近中心最大风速均小于35 kn;频数的季节变化主要受控于垂直风切变要素;阿拉伯海热带气旋发生频数和ACE近年有上升趋势,年际变化主要受控于海面温度（sea surface temperature,SST）和850 hPa相对湿度要素。  相似文献