The geological and technical characterisation of Ömer–Gecek geothermal area and the environmental impact assessment of geothermal heating system in Afyon, Turkey     

Mustafa Çelik  Eyüp Sabah 《Environmental Geology》2002,41(8):942-953

. Turkey, located in the Alpine–Himalayan Orogenic Belt, is of great interest because of its abundant geothermal resources. In particular, the Ömer–Gecek region of Afyon is one of the important geothermal fields in Turkey exhibiting high geothermal potential. The stratigraphic sequence, from bottom to top, comprises schist and marbles called 'Afyon metamorphics', Neogene sediments, and trachyte and trachyandesites, which are the products of Afyon trachytic volcanism, and Karakaya basalts. The basalt flows form the latest phase of the volcanic activities. The magma pockets forming the volcanic rocks are the source of heat for the geothermal system. Aquifer rocks forming Pasadagi marbles are aged Palaeozoic. Despite the high geothermal potential, Afyon is one of the provinces in Turkey suffering from air pollution. In order to utilize this potential and reduce air pollution problems, Afyon Geothermal Heating System (AFJET) was initiated in 1994 and put into operation in 1996 with an installed capacity of 10,000 residences out of which 4,453 have been successfully heated. If Tunçbilek–Kütahya coal, which contains 17.56% ash and 1.27% combustible sulphur was burnt instead of utilizing geothermal energy, approximately 768 tons of SOx,78,740 t of CO2 and 4,083 t of particulate matter would have been emitted to the atmosphere. The results obtained from Afyon experience reveal that not only the emission of tremendous amounts of pollutants is eliminated, but also a cheap energy alternative with an environmental friendly heating source is provided.  相似文献   

Grands gisements d'albite dans le massif métamorphique de Menderes (Turquie occidentale)     

Uner Çakır 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(14):1235-1243

Albite deposits of western Turkey occur within gneiss in the basal part of the Menderes Metamorphic Massif. The most important deposits are located along the Karadere mineralization zone, within an anticlinorium of 15-km length with a direction of N10–30E. Detailed study of the four deposits forming the northern part of this zone has allowed us to discover large reserves of 100.65 million tons, of which 78% is composed of high-grade ore with a content of 10.27% Na₂O. The remainder is formed by low-grade ore with 8.37% Na₂O and 1.11% K₂O and mixed ore with 4.61% Na₂O and 4.05% K₂O, with reserves of 14.4 and 8.2 million tons, respectively. To cite this article: U. Çak?r, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

Reply to Whitney and Regnier’s comments regarding “Monazite Ages and the Evolution of the Menderes Massif, western Turkey” (Int J Earth Sci 94:204–217)     

E.J. Catlos  Ibrahim Çemen 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(2):352-354

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Trace element concentrations of soils, plants and waters caused by a copper smelting plant and other industries, Northeast Turkey     

Abdullah Çubukçu  Necati Tüysüz 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(1):93-108

The study area is situated in a large agricultural field which produces tobacco, maize, and other yearly cultivated vegetables in Tekkeköy, Samsun (NE-Turkey). In addition, a significant part of this area to the north along the Black Sea coast is occupied by several industrial plants such as a copper smelting plant (KB?), a fertilizer plant (Tügsa?) and industrial park facilities (IPF). In order to reveal their environmental impacts, heavy metal analyses were conducted on soil, plant leaves and water samples collected within an area of approximately 30 km² around these plants. Soil samples within an area of 10 km² around these facilities are found to be highly polluted with Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Mn. Pollution occurs at surface and sharply dies out at 20 cm downwards in soil profile. Since the region is polluted mostly with base metals, the copper smelting factory appears to be the main source of pollution as it processes the massive sulfidic ores of the Black Sea area. Plants show Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe pollution around KB? and Tügsa? and Cu and Pb around IPF. Pollutants observed in tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) are Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and S; in maize (Zea mays) Cu, Zn and Fe; and in cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Cu, Pb, Fe and S. The analyses of water samples collected from the study area reveal that Pb and, to a lesser degree, Cu and Fe pollution stem from KB?; Cu, Fe and Mn pollution from Tügsa?; Pb and minor amounts of Fe and Mn pollution from IPF. Factor analyses from analyzed metals and anionic complexes in water show three distinct groups: (a) an association of heavy metals with Na, K and Mg referring to pollution and acid leaching of soil, (b) an association of NH4, Fe, SO₄, Cl and Br indicating agricultural pollution and sea-water invasion in land near the shore line, and (c) HCO₃ behaving in a different manner in heavy metal precipitation.  相似文献   

Structural and geotechnical investigations on Sivrice earthquake (Mw = 6.8), January 24, 2020     

Temür  Rasim  Damcı  Erdem  Öncü-Davas  Seda  Öser  Cihan  Sarğın  Sinan  Şekerci  Çağla 《Natural Hazards》2021,106(1):401-434

Natural Hazards - The earthquake in Sivrice, the district of Elaz??, took place at 20:55 (with local time, GMT+3) on January 24, 2020, with a magnitude of 6.8 in Turkey. This earthquake...  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of a finite slope improved with stone columns under the effect of earthquake force     

Çadır  Cenk Cuma  Vekli  Mustafa  Şahinkaya  Ferhat 《Natural Hazards》2021,106(1):173-211

Natural Hazards - Slope stability is one of the most important issues of geotechnical engineering. Significant slope failures (landslides), which result from earthquakes, can cause considerable...  相似文献   

CSAMT investigations of the Caferbeyli (Manisa/Turkey) geothermal area     

Aykaç  Sinem  Timur  Emre  Sari  Coşkun  Çaylak  Çagri 《Journal of Earth System Science》2015,124(1):149-159

Journal of Earth System Science - Western Turkey is one of the most remarkable regions of very active continental extension in the world. The most significant structures of this region are...  相似文献   

On the variations of some physical quantities above the sunspot bands near the equatorial plane     

H. Çavuṣ  N. İlbikçi 《Astrophysical Bulletin》2016,71(2):241-248

In this work, some solutions of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are searched in order to investigate some large scale physical quantities in the sunspot dominated latitudinal regions near the equatorial plane. Special separation of variables is used to obtain the radial and latitudinal changes in spherical coordinates. Present parametric analysis yields three important parameters which are the sphericity, density and radial components shape parameters in the latitudinal distributions of physical variables. In the region of interest there is a considerable change in physical quantities with respect to regions where sunspots do not appear.  相似文献   

Properties of the Aftershock Sequences of the 2003 Bingöl, M D = 6.4, (Turkey) Earthquake     

S. Öztürk  H. Çinar  Y. Bayrak  H. Karsli  G. Daniel 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(2):349-371

Aftershock sequences of the magnitude M _{W =}6.4 Bingöl earthquake of 1 May, 2003 (Turkey) are studied to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of seismicity parameters of the b value of the frequency-magnitude distribution and the p value describing the temporal decay rate of aftershocks. The catalog taken from the KOERI contains 516 events and one month’s time interval. The b value is found as 1.49 ± 0.07 with Mc =3.2. Considering the error limits, b value is very close to the maximum b value stated in the literature. This larger value may be caused by the paucity of the larger aftershocks with magnitude M _D ≥ 5.0. Also, the aftershock area is divided into four parts in order to detect the differences in b value and the changes illustrate the heterogeneity of the aftershock region. The p value is calculated as 0.86 ± 0.11, relatively small. This small p value may be a result of the slow decay rate of the aftershock activity and the small number of aftershocks. For the fitting of a suitable model and estimation of correct values of decay parameters, the sequence is also modeled as a background seismicty rate model. Constant background activity does not appear to be important during the first month of the Bingöl aftershock sequences and this result is coherent with an average estimation of pre-existing seismicity. The results show that usage of simple modified Omori law is reasonable for the analysis. The spatial variability in b value is between 1.2 and 1.8 and p value varies from 0.6 to 1.2. Although the physical interpretation of the spatial variability of these seismicity parameters is not straightforward, the variation of b and p values can be related to the stress and slip distribution after the mainshock, respectively. The lower b values are observed in the high stress regions and to a certain extent, the largest b values are related to Holocene alluvium. The larger p values are found in some part of the aftershock area although no slip occurred after the main shock and it is interpreted that this situation may be caused by the alluvium structure of the region. These results indicate that the spatial distribution in b and p values are generally related to the rupture mechanism and material properties of an aftershock area.  相似文献   

Simulation of 3-D Teleseismic SV-waves Accelerated by the Multilevel Fast Multipole Method     

Özcan Çakir 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(9-10):1707-1732

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