Detecting the stepwise propagation of the Eastern Sicily thrust belt (Italy): insight from thermal and thermochronological constraints     

Lea Di Paolo  Valerio Olivetti  Sveva Corrado  Luca Aldega  Maria Laura Balestrieri  Rosanna Maniscalco 《地学学报》2014,26(5):363-371

An extensive dataset of vitrinite reflectance, FTIR parameters on organic matter, illite content in mixed layers illite‐smectite, apatite fission tracks and U‐Th/He dating has been used to reconstruct the stepwise propagation of the Eastern Sicily fold‐and‐thrust belt during Late Palaeogene and Neogene times. The results indicate that the fold‐and‐thrust belt is divisible into two levels of thermal maturity. These levels consist of a less evolved level of thermal maturity that records limited sedimentary burial and minor heating, and a more evolved level of thermal maturity that indicates tectonic burial and exhumation at different times. Deformation and exhumation of shallowly buried units are linked to wedge forward propagation by low‐angle thrusts, whereas the evolution of deeply buried units is associated with tectonic imbrications by duplex formation and steep thrusts. The two tectonic styles alternate during evolution of the fold‐and‐thrust belt under low erosion rates.  相似文献   

Geoarchaeological Investigations in Mesoamerica Move into the 21st Century: A Review     

Nicholas P. Dunning  Carmen McCane  Tyler Swinney  Matthew Purtill  Jani Sparks  Ashley Mann  Jon‐Paul McCool  Chantal Ivenso 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(3):167-199

Over the past thirty years, geoarchaeology has moved from the fringe to mainstream status within Mesoamerican archaeological investigations. This review focuses on works published since the year 2000. Five themes are identified as central to recent studies: (1) the correlation of environmental change and cultural history; (2) anthropogenic environmental impacts; (3) ancient land cover, land use, and diet; (4) archaeological prospection; and (5) provenance studies. These themes are often interwoven in the application of complex systems approaches that allow scientists to more accurately model the intricacies of ancient human–environment interactions.  相似文献   

Multispecies dendroclimatic reconstructions of summer temperature in the European Alps enhanced by trees highly sensitive to temperature     

Giovanni Leonelli  Anna Coppola  Carlo Baroni  Maria Cristina Salvatore  Maurizio Maugeri  Michele Brunetti  Manuela Pelfini 《Climatic change》2016,137(1-2):275-291

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In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic study of fibroferrite,FeOH(SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)·5H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O     

Gennaro Ventruti  Giancarlo Della Ventura  Nicola Corriero  Daniele Malferrari  Alessandro F. Gualtieri  Umberto Susta  Maria Lacalamita  Emanuela Schingaro 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2016,43(8):587-595

The thermal dehydration process of fibroferrite, FeOH(SO₄)·5H₂O, a secondary iron-bearing hydrous sulfate, was investigated by in situ high-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (HT-XRPD), in situ high-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HT-FTIR) and thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) combined with evolved gas mass spectrometry. The data analysis allowed the determination of the stability fields and the reaction paths for this mineral as well as characterization of its high-temperature products. Five main endothermic peaks are observed in the DTA curve collected from room T up to 800 °C. Mass spectrometry of gases evolved during thermogravimetric analysis confirms that the first four mass loss steps are due to water emission, while the fifth is due to a dehydroxylation process; the final step is due to the decomposition of the remaining sulfate ion. The temperature behavior of the different phases occurring during the heating process was analyzed, and the induced structural changes are discussed. In particular, the crystal structure of a new phase, FeOH(SO₄)·4H₂O, appearing at about 80 °C due to release of one interstitial H₂O molecule, was solved by ab initio real-space and reciprocal-space methods. This study contributes to further understanding of the dehydration mechanism and thermal stability of secondary sulfate minerals.  相似文献   

Some Open Issues on Rockfall Hazard Analysis in Fractured Rock Mass: Problems and Prospects     

Anna Maria Ferrero  Maria Rita Migliazza  Marina Pirulli  Gessica Umili 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(9):3615-3629

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Modeling of Shales in Salt-Hydrocarbon Systems     

Maria A. Nikolinakou  Peter B. Flemings  Michael R. Hudec 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(2):699-705

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Analysis of extreme rainfall in the Ebre Observatory (Spain)     

Núria Pérez-Zanón  M. Carmen Casas-Castillo  Raúl Rodríguez-Solà  Juan Carlos Peña  Anna Rius  J. Germán Solé  Ángel Redaño 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,124(3-4):935-944

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Public health implications of social media use during natural disasters,environmental disasters,and other environmental concerns     

Kathryn C. Finch  Kassandra R. Snook  Carmen H. Duke  King-Wa Fu  Zion Tsz Ho Tse  Atin Adhikari  Isaac Chun-Hai Fung 《Natural Hazards》2016,83(1):729-760

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Life after death: shallow‐water Mediterranean invertebrate communities associated with mammal bones          下载免费PDF全文

Sergi Taboada  Maria Bas  Carlos Leiva  Mariona Garriga  Rafael Sardá  Conxita Avila 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(1):164-178

Invertebrate and microbial marine communities associated with mammal bones are interesting and poorly understood habitats, mainly known from studies on deep‐water whale remains. In order to characterize these communities in the shallow‐water Mediterranean, we present here the results of a pioneering experiment using mammal bones. Minke whale, pig and cow bones were experimentally deployed on three different background communities: rocky substrate, soft‐bottom and a Posidonia oceanica meadow. Bones were deployed for a year at about 20 m depth and collected every 3 months, and the invertebrate fauna colonizing the bones was identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. As expected, mammal bones showed remarkable differences when compared with background communities. Within bones, four different clusters could be identified, primarily on the basis of the polychaete fauna, the most abundant and diverse group in the survey. Clusters A1–A3 corresponded to high to moderately altered successional stages composed by a fauna closer to that of anthropogenically enriched shallow‐water environments. These clusters were characterized by the occurrence of the opportunist polychaetes Ophryotrocha puerilis, Neanthes caudata (Cluster A1), Protodorvillea kefersteini (Cluster A2) and Ophryotrocha alborana (Cluster A3). Cluster B was characterized by the presence of the polychaete Oxydromus pallidus together with typical invertebrate background fauna, which suggests that this community, after a year of deployment, was closer to that found in natural conditions. As opposed to similar shallow‐water studies in other geographic areas, no occurrence of the polychaete Osedax (commonly known as bone‐eating worms) was reported from our experiments. Apart from the study on the invertebrate communities, insights about the population dynamics of three of the most abundant species (O. puerilis, O. alborana, N. caudata) are given as well as remarks on a hypothetical trophic network based on fecal pellet analysis.  相似文献   

The influence of physical and biological processes on the ichthyoplankton communities in the Gulf of Sirte (Southern Mediterranean Sea)          下载免费PDF全文

Angela Cuttitta  Sergio Bonomo  Salem Zgozi  Angelo Bonanno  Bernardo Patti  Enza Maria Quinci  Marco Torri  Mohamed Hamza  Abdul Fatah  Daw Haddoud  Akram El Turki  Abdul Bari Ramadan  Simona Genovese  Salvatore Mazzola 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(4):831-844

This paper reports on the first study on the ichthyoplankton community structure in the Gulf of Sirte and its spatial distribution in relation to environmental conditions and zooplankton abundance. The results make an important contribution to the future management of fisheries in this unexplored, but much exploited, area. Biological samples were collected in July 2008 using a Bongo40 net. In total, 1914 larvae were found and 1652 of these were identified. In particular, bathypelagic taxa were the most abundant, followed by demersal, mesopelagic, pelagic and epipelagic taxa. The ichthyoplankton community had a patchwork distribution influenced by oligotrophic conditions, the bottom depth and oceanographical features. The results suggest that environmental forcings were able to transport the ichthyoplankton to productive areas. Indeed, maximum fish egg densities were found in coastal stations in correspondence with the Atlantic Tunisian Current inflow, whereas larvae were mainly concentrated in the east side of the Gulf, probably as a result of advection by the anticyclonic circulation. Additionally, the distribution patterns of the total larvae density and the different assemblages were well matched with the abundance of the zooplankton, probably determining final larval survival, growth and recruitment.  相似文献