Identification of appropriate lags and temporal resolutions for low flow indicators in the River Rhine to forecast low flows with different lead times     

Mehmet C. Demirel  Martijn J. Booij  Arjen Y. Hoekstra 《水文研究》2013,27(19):2742-2758

The aim of this paper is to assess the relative importance of low flow indicators for the River Rhine and to identify their appropriate temporal lag and resolution. This is done in the context of low flow forecasting with lead times of 14 and 90 days. First, the Rhine basin is subdivided into seven sub‐basins. By considering the dominant processes in the sub‐basins, five low flow indicators were selected: precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, groundwater storage, snow storage and lake storage. Correlation analysis was then carried out to determine the relationship between observed low flows and preselected indicators with varying lags (days) and temporal resolutions (from 1 day to 7 months). The results show that the most important low flow indicators in the Alpine sub‐basins for forecasts with a lead time of 14 days are potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution, and lake levels with a small lag and temporal resolution. In the other sub‐basins groundwater levels with a small lag and temporal resolution are important in addition to potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution. The picture is slightly different for forecasts with a lead time of 90 days. The snow storage in the Alpine sub‐basins and the precipitation in the other sub‐basins also become relevant for low flows. Consequently, the most important low flow indicators in the Alpine sub‐basins for forecasts with a lead time of 90 days are potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution, lake levels with a small lag and temporal resolution and snow storage with a small lag and large temporal resolution. The resultant correlation maps provide appropriate lags and temporal resolutions for indicators to forecast low flows in the River Rhine with different lead times. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in urban air of Konya, Turkey     

Senar Ozcan  Mehmet Emin Aydin   《Atmospheric Research》2009,93(4):715-722

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in urban air samples of Konya, Turkey between August 2006 and May 2007. The concentrations of pollutants in both the gas and particulate phase were separately analysed. The average total (gas + particulate) concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs were determined as 206 ng m^− 3, 0.106 ng m^− 3, 4.78 ng m^− 3 respectively. All of the investigated target compounds were dominantly found in the gas phase except OCPs. Higher air concentrations of PAHs were found at winter season while the highest concentrations of PCBs were determined in September. The highest OCPs were detected in October and in March. In urban air of Konya, PCB 28 and PCB 52 congeners represent 46% and 35% of total PCBs while Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene accounted for 29%, 13%, 10% of total PAHs. HCH compounds (α + β + γ + δ-HCH), total DDTs (p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT), Endosulfan compounds (Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, Endosulfan sulfate) were dominantly determined as 30%, 21%, 20% of total OCPs respectively. Considering the relation between these compounds with temperature, there was no significant correlation observed. Despite banned/restricted use in Turkey, some OCPs were determined in urban air. These results demonstrated that they are either illegally being used in the course of agricultural activity and gardens in Konya or they are residues of past use in environment. According to these results, it can be suggested that Konya is an actively contributing region to persistent organic pollutants in Turkey.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Evaluation along the Flow Path in the Unconfined Aquifer of the Düzce Plain,North-western Turkey     

Nail üNSAL  Mehmet ?EL?K 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(1):213-222

The Düzce Plain has a multi-aquifer system, which consists of a near surface unconfined aquifer, along with first and second deeper confined aquifers. Hydrochemical evolution and water quality are related to infiltration of the precipitation, recharge from the formations surrounding the plain, flow path of groundwater and the relationship between surface and groundwater. The groundwater in the unconfined aquifer flows towards the Efteni Lake and the Büyük Melen River. Surface waters are divided into two main hydrochemical facies in the study area: (a) Ca2+–HCO3?; and (b) Ca2+, Mg2+–HCO3-, SO42-. The groundwater has generally three main hydrochemical facies: (a) Ca2+–HCO3-; (b) Ca2+, Mg2+–HCO3-; and (c) Ca2+, Mg2+–HCO3-, Cl-. The hydrochemical facies "a" and "b" dominate within shallow depths in recharge areas under rapid flow conditions, while hydrochemical facies "c" characterizes shallow and mixed groundwater, which dominate intermediate or discharge areas (near Efteni Lake and Büyük Melen River) during low flow conditions and agricultural contamination. Calcium and bicarbonate ions, total hardness and electrical conductivity of total dissolved solids (EC–TDS) values increase along the groundwater flow path; but these parameters remain within the limits specified by the standards set for industrial and agricultural usages.  相似文献   

Gold abundance and an aluminosilicate-rich alteration zone in the Val D'Or mining district, abitibi, Quebec: Examples of the fossil geothermal fields     

Mehmet F. Taner 《Ore Geology Reviews》1993,8(6)

Investigation of gold abundance in a gold-rich mining district by accurate analytical techniques (e.g., Instrumental Neutron Activation and/or Radiochemical Neutron Activation) shows that gold is anomalously distributed in some parts of the Val d'Or mining district of Quebec. It is possible to distinguish: (1) background values (1.4–3.5 ppb Au); (2) zones of primarily anomalous gold values around the Lamaque-Sigma mines (median: 15 ppb Au); (3) enrichment halos around gold orebodies (median: 70 ppb Au); (4) secondary gold enrichment in shear zones; and (5) high background values for the East Sullivan Monzonitic Stock. The Bourlamaque batholith is considered to be a gold-enriched intrusion because of areas (shear zones) that are anomalously enriched in gold (median: 10 ppb Au). It is concluded that there are auriferous geological units in the Val d'Or mining district, such as the Bourlamaque batholith and Val d'Or Formation. The latter contains the Lamaque-Sigma gold mines, representing 49.6% of the total gold production in the district. It is interpreted that the Val d'Or Formation is part of a central volcanic complex within an island arc system, that the centre of this complex is located in the main Lamaque plug, and that this environment may be compared to high-temperature active geothermal systems which are commonly responsible for the formation of epithermal gold deposits. The Lamaque-Sigma area is considered to be a fossil geothermal field, potentially explaining the anomalous gold values. In addition, a dumortierite-bearing, aluminosilicate-rich zone of hydrothermal alteration in the Val d'Or mining district is considered, as for other similar occurrences, to be the result of hydrothermal alteration within a geothermal field producing an Al- and Si-rich leached protholith which has subsequently been metamorphosed and deformed. A model is proposed for the formation of the gold deposits within the primary gold-rich environment, by mobilisation of gold in the volcanic rocks due to metamorphism and deformation. Therefore, two distinct and successive events are postulated: (1) gold-rich synvolcanic geothermal activity; and (2) late remobilisation from the host rocks, followed by deposition of gold ore within favourable structures.  相似文献   

Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides,NE Turkey: insights into magma genesis and magma-tectonic evolution from whole-rock geochemistry,geochronology and isotope systematics     

Abdullah Kaygusuz  Cem Yücel  Mehmet Arslan  İrfan Temizel  Keewook Yi  Youn-Joong Jeong 《International Geology Review》2020,62(11):1406-1432

ABSTRACT

The Eastern Pontides orogenic belt in NE Turkey hosts numerous I-type plutons of Eocene epoch. Here, we report new U–Pb SHRIMP zircon ages and in situ zircon Lu-Hf isotopes along with bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotope data from the Kemerlikda??, Ayd?ntepe and Pelitli plutons and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) to constrain their parental melt source(s) and evolutionary processes. U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating yielded crystallization ages between 45 and 44 Ma for the studied plutons and their MMEs. The plutons range from gabbro to granite and have I-type, medium to high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous characteristics. On the primitive mantle-normalized multi-trace-element variations, the plutons and their MMEs are characterized by signi?cant enrichment in LILE/HFSE. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the plutons and their MMEs are close to each other and show moderate enrichment with variable negative Eu anomalies. The studied plutons have fairly homogeneous isotope composition (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.70502 to 0.70560; εNd_(i) = +0.9 to – 1.4; δ¹⁸O = +5.0 to +8.7‰, εHf_(i) = – 2.2 to +13.5). The MMEs show medium to high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous character. Although the isotope signatures of the MMEs (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) = 0.70508 to 0.70542; εNd_(i) = +0.9 to ?1.1; δ¹⁸O = +5.8 to +8.0, εHf_(i) = +4.3 to +10.4) are very similar to those of the host rocks. Fractionation of plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides played an important role in the evolution of the plutons. The isotopic composition of the studied plutons and MMEs are similar to I-type plutons derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. The parental magma(s) of the studied plutons were generated from the enriched lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation, and lesser assimilation and mixing/mingling in the crustal magma chambers.  相似文献   

Textural and mineralogical evidence for a Cadomian tectonothermal event in the eastern Mediterranean (Sandıklı-Afyon area, western Taurides, Turkey)     

mer Bozkaya  Semih Gürsu  Mehmet Cemal Gncüoglu 《Gondwana Research》2006,10(3-4):301-315

In the Sandıklı-Afyon area, the very low-grade metamorphic Sandıklı Basement Complex with clastic sediments and Late Neoproterozoic felsic igneous rocks are unconformably overlain by a cover succession with red continental clastic rocks, tholeiitic basalts and siliciclastic rocks with Early Cambrian trace fossils. Illite crystallinity studies reveal that both the basement and cover units were metamorphosed at high anchizonal to epizonal conditions ( 300 °C). Textural data together with the detailed evaluation of the P–T–b₀ grid, however, indicate that this thermal event has multiple phases. The first tectonothermal event was realized at pressures of  4.2 kb on the basis of b₀-data and resulted in development of blastomylonites. This is supported by the presence of dynamo-metamorphosed pebbles within the basal conglomerates of the Lower Paleozoic cover series. The second event is post-Ordovician–pre-Jurassic in age, occurred at lower pressures  3.2 kb and produced a weakly developed cleavage in the siliciclastic rocks of the cover. The mineralogical/textural data across the basement-cover boundary therefore indicate the removal of an entire metamorphic zone and thus a metamorphic hiatus.

These data suggest that the Taurides were affected by a Late Neoproterozoic event as part of the peri-Gondwana during the Cadomian orogeny.  相似文献   

Determination of optimum kernel bandwidth for northern Marmara region,Turkey     

Hakan Karaca 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(4):633-642

As a relatively recent development, spatial smoothing methods have been introduced to identify seismic patterns. Among the methods developed to model the spatial variation, methods based on utilization of 3-D Gaussian isotropic kernels have a wide reception. The most important question remaining to be answered in the application of these methods is the determination of the optimum kernel bandwidth. At the present, researchers’ efforts to clarify the subject have still not yet finalized, this study aims to provide insightful knowledge for future efforts. In this study, for the region bounded by 27°–33° longitudes and 39°–41° latitudes, where the western section of the famous Northern Anatolian fault lies, smoothing techniques are implemented to determine the optimum smoothing kernel bandwidth for point sources. The influence of the modeling of seismicity through the computation of the optimum smoothing kernel bandwidth is examined. In addition, the sensitivity of each smoothing technique to the seismic patterns, whether densely clustered or scarcely populated, is investigated. In the end, the smoothing method based on optimum neighbor number is identified as highly sensitive to the density of seismicity and seismic clusters, and better in modeling high seismicity compared to the model based on single optimum smoothing distance used for the entire region of interest.  相似文献   

The Relationship between Dst,IMF-Bz and Collision Parameters for O+ + N2 → NO+ + N Reactive Scattering in the Ionosphere     

Selçuk Sağir  Yaşar  Mehmet  Atici  Ramazan 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2019,59(8):1003-1008

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The kinetic theory is particularly suitable and convenient to calculate the collision parameters in the ionospheric medium. In this study, the mean free path (λ)...  相似文献   

Extension of sea surface temperature unpredictability     

Akhmet  Marat  Fen  Mehmet Onur  Alejaily  Ejaily Milad 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(2):145-156

Ocean Dynamics - The sea surface temperature (SST) variability is clearly affected by global climate patterns, which involve large-scale ocean-atmosphere fluctuations similar to the El...  相似文献   

Carbonaceous matter in the Sariçiçek meteorite     

Mehmet Yesiltas  Timothy D. Glotch  Steven Jaret  Alexander B. Verchovsky  Richard C. Greenwood 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(7):1495-1511

As of today, the Sariçiçek (SC) meteorite is the newest howardite and the only confirmed fall among the 17 known howardites. In this study, we present isotopic, infrared, and Raman data on three distinct pieces of the SC meteorite. Our oxygen isotopic measurements show that Δ¹⁷O values of the pieces are close to each other, and are in good agreement with other howardites, eucrites, and diogenites. The carbon isotopic measurements, which were conducted by combusting terrestrial contamination selectively at temperatures lower than 500–600 °C, show the presence of indigenous carbon in the SC specimens. The matrix of these specimens, investigated via infrared microspectroscopy, appears to be dominated by clinopyroxene/orthopyroxene, forsterite, and fayalite, with minor contributions from ilmenite, plagioclase, and enstatite. Carbon‐rich regions were mapped and studied via Raman imaging microspectroscopy, which reveals that both amorphous and graphitic carbon exist in these samples. Synchrotron‐based infrared microspectroscopy data show the presence of very little aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The SC meteorite is suggested to be originating from the Antonia impact crater in the Rheasilvia impact basin on 4 Vesta (Unsalan et al. 2019). If this is in fact the case, then the carbon phases present in the SC samples might provide clues regarding the impactor material (e.g., carbonaceous chondrites).  相似文献