Variations in soil properties and their effect on subsurface biomass distribution in four alpine meadows of the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau of China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jianping Yang  Rui Mi  Junfeng Liu 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1881-1891

To understand and predict the role of soils in changes in alpine meadow ecosystems during climate warming, soil monoliths, extending from the surface to the deepest roots, were collected from Carex moorcroftii, Kobresia humilis, mixed grass, and Kobresia pygmaea alpine meadows in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monoliths were used to measure the distribution with depth of biomass, soil grain size, soil nutrient levels, and soil moisture. With the exception of the K. pygmaea meadow, the percentages of gravel and coarse sand in the soils were high, ranging from 37.7 to 57.8% for gravel, and from 18.7 to 27.9% for coarse sand. The texture was finest in the upper 10 cm soil layer, and generally became coarser with increasing depth. Soil nutrients were concentrated in the top 15 cm soil layer, especially in the top 10 cm. Soil water content was low, ranging from 3 to 28.4%. Most of the subsurface biomass was in the top 10 cm, with concentrations of 79.8% in the K. humilis meadow, 77.6% in the mixed grass meadow, and 62.3% in the C. moorcroftii meadow. Owing to deeper root penetration, the concentration of subsurface biomass in the upper 10 cm of K. pygmaea soil was only 41.7%. The subsurface biomass content decreased exponentially with depth; this is attributed to the increase in grain size and decrease in soil nutrient levels with depth. Soil water is not a primary factor influencing the vertical and spatial distribution of subsurface biomass in the study area. The lack of fine material and of soil nutrients resulted in low surficial and subsurface biomass everywhere.  相似文献   

Emergence patterns and microhabitat preference of aquatic dance flies (Empididae; Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) on a longitudinal gradient of barrage lake system     

Marija Ivkovi?  Vlatka Mi?eti? Stankovi?Zlatko Mihaljevi? 《Limnologica》2012,42(1):43-49

Aquatic dance flies (Empididae; Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) are important components of freshwater assemblages, especially in running waters. They are predators as larvae and adults and thus essential for understanding aquatic food webs. This study was conducted in Plitvice lakes National Park (Croatia) representing a wide variety of freshwater habitats (springs, streams, lakes and tufa barriers). Adults were collected monthly from March 2007 until March 2009 using pyramid-type emergence traps at 13 locations. A total of 3865 specimens comprising 18 species were collected. The dominant genus was Chelifera, while the most abundant species was Hemerodromia unilineata. All species were univoltine except Chelifera precabunda, Chelifera pyrenaica and Chelifera stigmatica that were bivoltine. Considerable differences in composition and structure of aquatic dance flies assemblages were recorded along a longitudinal gradient of studied sites, primarily related to differences in physical and chemical parameters of water. Water temperature was the main factor influencing the timing of emergence. Hemerodromia species preferred variable water temperature throughout the year while the majority of the Chelifera species preferred stable water temperature characteristic of spring sites. Furthermore, discharge affected assemblage composition of aquatic dance flies. The highest abundance of aquatic dance flies was recorded in lotic habitats with fast water current over substrates of moss, gravel and particulate tufa with detritus. These results give a new insight on microhabitat preference and their distribution on unique karstic habitats.  相似文献   

C波段多普勒雷达观测暴雨灾害过程的分析     

田密  张剑秋  张杰 《高原山地气象研究》2012,32(3):22-27

本文通过对2005年6月29~30日成都地区一次西太平洋副热带高压影响的暴雨天气过程的常规气象资料和位于凤凰山C波段多普勒天气雷达观测资料的分析, 重点从多普勒雷达反射率因子 (Z) 、径向速度 (V) 、速度谱宽 (W) 和垂直累积含水量 (VIL) 出发, 归纳出对成都地区暴雨灾害短临预报应用具有一定参考价值的回波特征指标, 提高和改善该地区暴雨灾害的监测和预警能力。   相似文献   

短波红外光谱技术在矽卡岩型矿床中的应用——以鄂东南铜绿山铜铁金矿床为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张世涛  陈华勇  张小波  张维峰  许超  韩金生  陈觅 《矿床地质》2017,36(6):1263-1288

铜绿山铜铁金矿床是长江中下游铜铁多金属成矿带最重要的矽卡岩型矿床之一,矿床的形成与铜绿山石英闪长岩株体密切相关,矿体主要沿北北东向断裂产于石英闪长岩与大理岩/白云质大理岩的接触带,形成钙-镁复合型矽卡岩铜多金属矿化。围岩蚀变由致矿岩体到接触-蚀变矿化中心为:绢云母-绿泥石-钾化带、高岭石-绿泥石-弱矽卡岩化带、皂石-绿泥石-强矽卡岩化带。蚀变矿化期次可分为岩浆-热液期和表生期,其中,岩浆-热液期可分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段。绿泥石是钻孔岩芯中出现最多且分布最为广泛的蚀变矿物之一。经短波红外光谱(SWIR)研究发现,从蚀变矿化中心到外围,绿泥石出现由铁绿泥石/铁镁绿泥石逐渐转变为镁绿泥石,且绿泥石Fe-OH特征吸收峰位值(Pos2250)显示出从高值变为低值的趋势。结合其他蚀变矿物的空间分布特征,文章提出绿泥石的高Fe-OH特征吸收峰位值(Pos22502253 nm)与金云母、蛇纹石、绿帘石、皂石和高岭石的大量出现,对指示铜绿山矽卡岩型矿床的矿化中心具有一定的作用。  相似文献   

高频电磁法在鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起区砂岩型铀矿勘探中的应用     

米晓利 《地质与勘探》2017,53(3):541-546

砂岩型铀矿已经成为中国非常重要的铀矿类型,不少资料表明,在含油气盆地中,砂岩型铀矿与油气藏的关系密切,大型沉积盆地不但是油气田勘探的重要靶区,也是寻找砂岩型铀矿的重要方向。在地球物理勘探中,每种地球物理方法都有其应用条件和优缺点,寻找一种快速经济有效的适合铀矿勘查手段显得非常重要。高频电磁法是一种野外数据采集设备轻便、观测时间短、可快速密点连续测量的方法。本文针对砂岩型铀矿的特点,在应用该项技术进行铀矿勘查方面进行了一系列研究,自行开发了针对性的二维反演软件,有效提高了测量分辨率和地质解释的精度。本文介绍了高频电磁法在寻找砂岩型铀矿勘探方面的应用实例与效果,提出了以后开展类似工作的建议。  相似文献   

综合指数法在石城崮铁矿采空区稳定性评价中的应用     

密士文 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2017,14(3)

据初步统计,临沂市现有非煤矿山采空区101个,面积787万m2。在目前的资金和技术条件下,难以对所有采空区都进行工程治理,必须分类处理。为正确决策采空区的治理措施,需要全面评估采空区的稳定性。本文在充分调研各种采空区稳定性评价方法的基础上,应用综合指数法对石城崮铁矿采空区的稳定性进行了评价分析。通过计算地质因素和开采技术条件的综合评价指数,最终得到了该采空区的综合评价结果。评价结果显示该采空区目前处于较稳定状态,该评价结果与实际情况吻合较好。  相似文献   

双偏振雷达基本产品和回波分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张杰  田密  朱克云  任景轩  刘媛媛 《高原山地气象研究》2010,30(2):36-41

双线偏振技术扩展了常规多普勒雷达功能,可以直接探测到与降水粒子微物理特征有关的物理量,本文介绍了差分反射率因子Z_DR、传播常数差K_DP、相关系数ρ_hv(0)等双偏振雷达的主要基本产品生成原理,并利用空军最新721型双偏振天气雷达2008年7~8月探测资料进行了降水粒子相态识别和估测降水量分析,试图为双偏振雷达在飞行气象保障业务运行提供参考依据和帮助。   相似文献   

用优势应力分量逼近方法反演分析某水电站地下厂房区地应力状态     

米琦  杨树新  周俊 《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2009,(0)

本文叙述了应用有限元优势应力分量逼近反演分析地应力场的方法。该方法通过少数点实测应力结果,结合工程地质资料,采用有限元数值模拟分析的方法反演工程区初始应力场。利用该方法并结合某水电站工程的实际情况进行了电站主厂房的地应力场分析,得到了在优势应力分量上与实测值相拟合的工程区剖面最大、最小主应力量值及其方向的分布图,并对工程区整体应力分布状况做了分析与探讨。  相似文献   

Evaluation of equivalence between different methods for enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria before and after adoption of the new Bathing Water Directive and risk assessment of pollution     

Darija Vukić Lušić  Dražen Lušić  Denis Pešut  Vladimir Mićović  Marin Glad  Lovorka Bilajac  Vesna Peršić 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

The quality of bathing water is of considerable public importance due to the possibility of fecal contamination. In 2009, Croatia implemented the new European Bathing Water Directive (BWD, 2006/7/EC) establishing stricter microbiological standards for new parameters with new reference methods. This study aims to evaluate the equivalence of different methods according to the old and revised BWD and to provide the possibility of data comparison. Furthermore, the directive requires the establishment of the bathing water profile (BWP) for pollution risk assessment. The estimation of consistency of pollution risk assessment with obtained microbiological results was also performed.  相似文献   

基于时间序列的InSAR相干性量级估计   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

蒋弥  丁晓利  李志伟  汪驰升  朱武  柯灵红 《地球物理学报》2013,56(3):799-811

本文提出了一种适用于InSAR数据处理的自适应相干性量级估计方法,该方法能够满足复信号随机平稳的假设前提,并兼顾运算效率与估计精度.此方法生成的相干图具有很好的分布特征,避免了影像空间分辨率的损失.提出的算法分为两个步骤:(1)根据地物后向散射特性,对时间序列SAR影像进行聚类分析,选择具有同分布的样本,保证SAR影像质地平稳条件;(2)对干涉图进行条纹频率估计,采用极大似然(ML)条纹频率估计方法去除系统相位引起的复信号非平稳性,并根据Cramer-Rao边界条件改善条纹频率的估计精度.以美国南加州洛杉矶地区的ENVISAT ASAR数据集为例,本文将新方法与现有方法进行了量化分析.结果表明,较传统方法而言,基于时间序列的相干性估计方法能够得到更可靠、精度更高、空间特征更鲜明的干涉相干图.  相似文献