Evaluation of Negative Economic-Environmental Externalities of Overextraction of Groundwater     

Mostafa Baniasadi  Mohammad Reza Zare' Mehrjordi  Hossein Mehrabi Boshrabadi  Hamid Reza Mirzaei Khalilabad  Abbas Rezaei Estakhrooye 《Ground water》2020,58(4):560-570

In recent decades, increased extraction of groundwater for human and agriculture consumption has led to a substantial drop in groundwater level in large areas of across the world. Declining groundwater levels is a serious problem in itself and has multiple economic, social, cultural, political, security-related, and environmental externalities. The negative economic-environmental externalities of overextraction of groundwater in the Orzouiyeh plain in the Kerman Province, Iran, were evaluated using methods such as replacement cost, production function, market prices, shadow price, and the value of the input marginal product. After evaluating externalities, the Positive Mathematical Programming method was used to evaluate different water policies to reduce the consumption of groundwater. The total economic losses due to the externalities were calculated to equal 2.8 U.S. million dollars. The damages caused by environmental externalities were calculated to equal 436.1 U.S. million dollars. The results related to the positive planning model show that the best policy among different options, such as deficit irrigation policy or combined policies, involves implementation of pressurized irrigation systems.  相似文献   

Quantitative pore-type characterization from well logs based on the seismic petrophysics in a carbonate reservoir     

Maryam Sadat Mirkamali  Abdolrahim Javaherian  Hossein Hassani  Mohammad Reza Saberi  Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2195-2216

Quality, availability and consistency of the measured and interpreted well log data are essential in the seismic reservoir characterization methods, and seismic petrophysics is the recommended workflow to achieve data consistency between logs and seismic domains. This paper uses seismic petrophysics workflow to improve well logs and pore geometry interpretations for an oil carbonate reservoir in the Fahliyan Formation in the southwest of Iran. The petrophysical interpreted well logs, rock physics and well-to-seismic tie analysis are integrated into the proposed workflow. Our implementation incorporates revising petrophysical well log interpretations and updating pore geometry characteristics to obtain a better well-tie quality. We first propose an improved pore-type characterization approach based on both P- and S-wave velocities for quantifying pore geometry. Then, seismic logs are estimated accordingly, and the results are used in the well-to-seismic analysis. The quality of the well-tie is improved, furthermore, by iterating on the petrophysical interpreted well logs as well as the calculated pore geometries. For the intervals with high-quality data, our workflow improves the consistency between the results of measured and modelled seismic logs. For the intervals with problematic well logs, the application of our proposed workflow results in the successful replacement of the poor data and subsequently leads to an improved wavelet estimation and well-tie results. In both cases, a higher quantification of pore geometries is achieved, which in turn is confirmed by the core images and formation micro-imager analysis.  相似文献   

Sedimentological and petrochemical studies of Jurassic clastic rocks,Habo Dome Basin,Kachchh Mainland,Northwest India: Implications for depositional environment,provenance, and tectonic setting     

Roohi Irshad  Mohammad S. Khan  Abul H. M. Ahmad 《Island Arc》2019,28(5)

Mesozoic rocks are extensively and excellently preserved in the western Indian shield in several basins. The Kachchh Mainland Basin (KMB), comprising six small sub‐basins, is the main repository of these sediments. Habo Dome Basin, situated in the easternmost part of KMB and largest among the six basins, hosts clastics of the Chari Formation of Jurassic age. The fluctuating transgressive–regressive facies cycle, developed during the Callovian and Late Early Oxfordian in the Habo Dome Basin, was mainly controlled by local tectonics and not by global eustatic fluctuations. Near magmatic relationships are displayed by various elements of the clastic rocks of Habo Dome Basin. Two litho‐chemical groups have been identified in Habo Dome Basin, which are cyclically repeated over entire lithostratigraphic sequence, indicating alternate pulses of sediment inputs from two different sources under palpitating tectonic conditions. Provenance indicator elements and their ratios coupled with source modeling indicate predominantly felsic source with basic and alkalic components. Integrated analysis of petrograhic and geochemical characteristics suggests two source terranes for these rocks: a granitoid source with significant basic volcanics (Banded Gneissic Complex) and a granite–gneissic source with minor alkaline volcanics (Nagarparkar Massif) lying to northeast and NNW respectively. The petrochemistry of Habo Dome clastics suggests their deposition in a fault controlled sink which was influenced by sea level changes. Drifting of the Indian plate resulted in the opening of series of rifted basins in the Kachchh Mainland during Late Triassic/Early Jurassic, which were closed later during collision of Indian plate with Eurasia at early Eocene. The Habo Dome Basin which opened up as a half graben in response to the initial stress regime, remained tectonically unstable until the cessation of pre and post collisional stress regimes.  相似文献   

Practical seismic resilience evaluation and crisis management planning through GIS-based vulnerability assessment of buildings     

Peyman Narjabadifam  Ramin Hoseinpour  Mohammad Noori  Wael Altabey 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2021,(1):25-37

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how assessment of seismic vulnerability can be effective in protection against earthquakes.Findings are reported from a case study in a densely populated urban area near an active fault,utilizing practical methods and exact engineering data.Vulnerability factors were determined due to technical considerations,and a field campaign was performed to collect the required data.Multi-criteria decision making was carried out by means of an analytical hierarchy process including a fuzzy standardization.Earthquake scenarios were applied through an implicit vulnerability model.GIS was utilized and the results were analyzed by classifying the state of vulnerability in levels as very low,low,moderate,high,and very high.Seismic resilience was evaluated as vulnerabilities below the moderate state,being about 40% in an intensity of 6 Mercalli and less than 10% in 10 Mercalli.It is concluded that seismic resilience in the area studied is not acceptable,the area is vulnerable in the expected scenarios,and due to the high seismicity of the region,proper crisis management planning is required in parallel with attempts toward retrofitting.In this regard,an emergency map was developed with reference to the assessed vulnerabilities.  相似文献   

Inversion of surface gravity data for 3-D density modeling of geologic structures using total variation regularization     

Alireza Sobouti  Mahdi Motagh  Mohammad Ali Sharifi 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2016,60(1):69-90

We develop an inversion procedure using the total variation (TV) regularization method as a stabilizing function to invert surface gravity data to retrieve 3-D density models of geologic structures with sharp boundaries. The developed inversion procedure combines several effective algorithms to solve the TV regularized problem. First, a matrix form of the gradient vector is designed using the Kronecker product to numerically approximate the 3-D TV function. The piecewise polynomial truncated singular value decomposition (PP-TSVD) algorithm is then used to solve the TV regularized inverse problem. To obtain a density model with depth resolution, we use a sensitivity-based depth weighting function. Finally, we apply the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to select the best combination of the PP-TSVD algorithm and the depth weighting function parameters. 3-D simulations conducted with synthetic data show that this approach produces sub-surface images in which the structures are well separated in terms of sharp boundaries, without the need of a priori detailed density model. The method applied to a real dataset from a micro-gravimetry survey of Gotvand Dam, southwestern Iran, clearly delineates subsurface cavities starting from a depth of 40 m within the area of the dam reservoir.  相似文献   

Phytoremediation Potential of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Identification and Characterization of Heavy Metals Responsive Genes          下载免费PDF全文

Rafiq Ahmad  Zara Tehsin  Samina Tanvir Malik  Saeed Ahmad Asad  Muhammad Shahzad  Muhammad Bilal  Mohammad Maroof Shah  Sabaz Ali Khan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(2):195-201

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Effect of a Non‐Ionic Surfactant on Xylene Removal in a Scoria‐Compost‐Based Biofilter          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Mehdi Amin  Amir Rahimi  Bijan Bina  Fazel Mohammadi Moghadam  Heshmatollah Nourmoradi  Mohsen Heidari 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(12):1759-1765

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Supercritical Fluid CO2 Technique for Destruction of Pathogenic Fungal Spores in Solid Clinical Wastes          下载免费PDF全文

Efaq A. Noman  Nik N. N. A. Rahman  Mohammad Shahadat  Hideyuki Nagao  Adel Al‐Gheethi  Tengku N. T. Lah.  Abdul K. M. Omar 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(12):1700-1708

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Groundwater Governance in a Water‐Starved Country: Public Policy,Farmers' Perceptions,and Drivers of Tubewell Adoption in Balochistan,Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

Syed Mohammad Khair  Shahbaz Mushtaq  Kathryn Reardon‐Smith 《Ground water》2015,53(4):626-637

Pakistan faces the challenge of developing sustainable groundwater policies with the main focus on groundwater management rather than groundwater development and with appropriate governance arrangement to ensure benefits continue into the future. This article investigates groundwater policy, farmers' perceptions, and drivers of tubewell (groundwater bore) adoption and proposes possible pathways for improved groundwater management for Balochistan, Pakistan. Historical groundwater policies were mainly aimed at increasing agricultural production and reducing poverty, without consideration of adverse impact on groundwater availability. These groundwater policies and governance arrangements have resulted in a massive decline in groundwater tables. Tubewell owners' rankings of the drivers of groundwater decline suggest that rapid and widespread installation of tubewells, together with uncontrolled extraction due to lack of property rights, electricity subsidy policies, and ineffective governance, are key causes of groundwater decline in Balochistan. An empirical “tubewell adoption” model confirmed that the electricity subsidy significantly influenced tubewell adoption decisions. The article proposes a more rational electricity subsidy policy for sustaining groundwater levels in the short‐run. However, in the long run a more comprehensive sustainable groundwater management policy, with strong institutional support and involvement of all stakeholders, is needed.  相似文献   

New Insights into the Source of the Makran Tsunami of 27 November 1945 from Tsunami Waveforms and Coastal Deformation Data     

Mohammad Heidarzadeh  Kenji Satake 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2015,172(3-4):621-640

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