How soil texture,channel shape and cross-sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels     

Zhifan Mu  Tianxiao Li  Dong Liu  Qiang Fu  Renjie Hou  Qinglin Li  Yi Ji  Song Cui  Mo Li 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14155

To enhance the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and reduce the leakage of water conveyance channels, the leakage process of channels was simulated dynamically. The simulated results were compared with data measured in laboratory experiments, and the performance of the model was evaluated. The results indicated that the simulated values of the model were consistent with the observation values, and the R² values varied between 0.91 and 0.99. In addition, based on the laboratory experiments, a water supply system (Mariotte bottles) and soil box were built using plexiglass. Three influencing factors, namely, the channel form, soil texture and channel cross-sectional area, were varied to observe and calculate the resulting cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and wetting front migration distance. HYDRUS-3D software was used to solve the three-dimensional soil water movement equation under different initial conditions. The results demonstrated that the U-shaped channel was more effective than the trapezoidal channel in increasing the utilization efficiency of the water resources. A U-shaped channel with a small channel cross-sectional area should be adopted and the soil particle size should be prioritized in the construction of water conveyance channels for farmlands. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed results, which indicates that HYDRUS-3D is a reliable tool that can accurately simulate the soil moisture movement in water conveyance channels. The research results can provide a reference for the design and operation of farmland irrigation systems.  相似文献   

Changes in run‐off and sediment load in the three parts of the Yellow River basin,in response to climate change and human activities     

Chaojun Gu  Xingmin Mu  Peng Gao  Guangju Zhao  Wenyi Sun 《水文研究》2019,33(4):585-601

Hydrological regimes in the Yellow River have changed significantly because of climate change and intensive human interventions. These changes present severe challenges to water resource utilization and ecological development. Variation of run‐off, suspended sediment load (SSL), and eight precipitation indices (P1: 0–12 mm·day^?1, P12: 12–25 mm·day^?1, P25: 25–50 mm·day^?1, P50: P ≥ 50 mm·day^?1 and corresponding rainfall day: Pd1, Pd12, Pd25, Pd50 day year^?1) in three critical parts of the Yellow River basin (source region: SRYRB, upper reaches: URYRB, middle reaches: MRYRB) were investigated for the period from 1960 to 2015. The results show that run‐off and SSL significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the URYRB and the MRYRB, whereas their decline in the SRYRB was insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, run‐off in the URYRB had one change point in 1987, and SSL in the URYRB as well as run‐off and SSL in the MRYRB had two change points (in the 1970s and the 1990s). Over the same period, only Pd1 and Pd12 in the SRYRB showed significant increasing trends, and an abrupt change appeared in 1981. The optimal precipitation indices for assessing the effects of precipitation on run‐off and SSL in the URYRB and MRYRB were Pd50 and P12, respectively. A double‐mass curve analysis showed that precipitation and human activities contributed to approximately 20% and 80% of the reduction in run‐off, respectively, for both the SRYRB and the MRYRB. However, the contribution rate of precipitation and human activities on SSL reduction was approximately 40% and 60% in the URYRB and 5% and 95% in the MRYRB, respectively. Human activities, primarily soil and water conservation measures and water extraction (diversion), were the main factors (>50%) that reduced the run‐off. However, the dominant driving factors for SSL reduction were soil and water conservation measures and reservoir interception, for which the contribution rate was higher than 70% in the MRYRB. This work strengthens the understanding of hydrological responses to precipitation change and provides a useful reference for regional water resource utilization.  相似文献   

Human activity and climate variability impacts on sediment discharge and runoff in the Yellow River of China     

He  Yi  Wang  Fei  Mu  Xingmin  Guo  Lanqin  Gao  Peng  Zhao  Guangju 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(1-2):645-654

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - We analyze the variability of sediment discharge and runoff in the Hekou–Longmen segment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, China. Our analysis...  相似文献   

A new approach to identify the sensitivity and importance of physical parameters combination within numerical models using the Lund–Potsdam–Jena (LPJ) model as an example     

Guodong?Sun  Mu?MuEmail author 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,127(3-4):587-596

Daily global solar irradiation (R _s) is one of the main inputs in environmental modeling. Because of the lack of its measuring facilities, high-quality and long-term data are limited. In this research, R _s values were estimated based on measured sunshine duration and cloud cover of our synoptic meteorological stations in central and southern Iran during 2008, 2009, and 2011. Clear sky solar irradiation was estimated from linear regression using extraterrestrial solar irradiation as the independent variable with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 4.69 %. Daily R _s was calibrated using measured sunshine duration and cloud cover data under different sky conditions during 2008 and 2009. The 2011 data were used for model validation. According to the results, in the presence of clouds, the R _s model using sunshine duration data was more accurate when compared with the model using cloud cover data (NRMSE = 11. 69 %). In both models, with increasing sky cloudiness, the accuracy decreased. In the study region, more than 92 % of sunshine durations were clear or partly cloudy, which received close to 95 % of total solar irradiation. Hence, it was possible to estimate solar irradiation with a good accuracy in most days with the measurements of sunshine duration.  相似文献   

和田河流域水资源与生态环境变化及其对策研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

刘志辉  谢永琴  穆建军  樊夙昱 《干旱区地理》1999,22(3):51-56

和田河流域光,热,水、土地资源丰富,农牧业 潜力很大,然而该流域生态环境极其脆弱,环境灾害多发,水资源开发利用及区域发展不可避免地其生态环境产生很大影响。本文从多个侧面阐述了该流域水资源与生态环境的相互关系和影响,并提出了相应的对策和建议。  相似文献   

The IAMAS-CNC Early Career Scientists Nobel Prize Online Interpretation Workshop     

Jing LI  Zhongjing JIANG  Yueming DONG  Lu ZHANG  Tong YING  Zhenyu ZHANG  Mu MU 《大气科学进展》2022,39(6):1012-1015

1.Overview The 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to three scientists for their contribution to the physical understanding of complex systems(The Nobel Committee for Physics,2021).Two of the laureates,Dr.Syukuro MANABE and Dr.Klaus HASSELMANN,are climate scientists.This is the first time a climate scientist has won a Nobel Prize for physics and is thus a great encouragement to the entire climate science community,especially young scientists.Because the two winners'groundbreaking contributions that led to their award were achieved decades ago,young people may not be very familiar with these works.Therefore,to help young scientists better understand the scientific merit of the fundamental works and to inspire them in their future research careers,on 20 October 2021,the young scientist working group of The China National Committee of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences(IAMAS-CNC)organized an online Nobel Prize interpretation workshop.Over 400 participants attended the online workshop,and more than 120000 parti-cipants watched the replay.  相似文献   

东亚冬季风年际变化的ENSO信息 I.模拟资料分析     

穆明权  李崇银 《气候与环境研究》1999,(2)

系统分析了观测海温强迫９层大气环流模式的模拟资料,结果表明该大气环流模式能够对与ＥｌＮｉｎｏ、ＬａＮｉｎａ事件爆发有关的赤道太平洋异常纬向风和对流活动有很好的模拟;模拟中的东亚冬季风具有明显的年际变化特征,这种变化与观测结果有很好的一致性,而且进一步分析发现这种年际变化具有显著的２～７年的周期,即东亚冬季风异常与ＥＮＳＯ密切相关。  相似文献   

“将古论今”——环境科学研究中的历史地质学方法     

吴泰然  郭召杰 《高校地质学报》1999,5(1):105-109

传统地质学的“将今论古”方法使地质学取得了巨大的成就,而且还将是今后地质学发展的指导思想,但面对资源、环境、减灾等人类在二十一世纪的主要问题,地球科学所面对的问题时,地质学家首先应该改变或者更新自己的思维方式。如果以地球演化的同一性原理来认识地球,则“将古论今”的方法对解决地球科学面临的挑战人有重要的意义。以历史地质学的方法和视角,研究地质过程的发生、发展和演化过程,以及这种过程在今天和明天的演化趋势,及其对人类生存环境的影响,将是今后一十时期地质科学的主要任务。  相似文献   

西天山阿希晚古生代破火山口构造及其控矿意义     

沙德铭  母瑞身  田昌烈  杨森  贾斌 《地质论评》1999,45(7):1088-1094

阿希破火山口构造位于西天山博罗科努山早石炭世吐拉苏—也里莫墩火山岩带西部,呈近等轴状,周边被环状断裂所限,南北直经２.６kｍ,东西向宽２.４kｍ,面积约６kｍ2。火山口缘环状、放射状裂隙、火山岩相的配置格局、地球物理场特征等都十分清晰地显示了破火山口的特征。大型阿希金矿产于破火山口缘环状断裂内,显示了与破火山口形成的密切成因联系。  相似文献   

Triassic alkaline intrusives in the Yanliao-Yinshan area: their chronology, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics and their implication   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

Guohan Yan  Baolei Mu  Baoliang Xu  Guoqi He  Linkun Tan  Hui Zhao  Zhongfu He  Renhu Zhang  Guangsheng Qiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(6):582-587

Dated isotopic ages for 15 alkaline intrusives in the Yanliao-Yinshan area, ranging from 268 to 190 Ma, ten of which are from 250 to 208 Ma, indicate that most of them were formed in the Triassic Epoch. All the E_Nd(t) ratios from - 17.19 to -3.21 averaging -7.09, the E_Sr(t) ratios fmm 11.7 to71.5 averaging 36.63, and the I_sr(t) ratios from 0.705 0 to 0.709 3 averaging 0.706 8, show their characteristics of enrichment. On the E_Nd (t) virus E_Sr(t) correlation diagram, the samples from these intmsives were plotted within the enriched mantle trend lines and just outside, demonstrating their close connection to materials from the enriched mantle reservoir, taking into account the same Pb isotopic composition as that of the mantle.  相似文献