A note on the averaging method     

Hiroshi Kinoshita 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1978,17(2):131-136

When time-averaged equations are used to discuss the secular behavior of dynamical systems, the action-angle variables conjugate to the action variables of the unperturbed motion of the system should be chosen as dependent variables; otherwise, the results are not correct.Presented at the Division of Dynamical Astronomy Meeting of the American Astronoming Society, Chapel Hill, N.C., U.S.A., December 4, 1976.  相似文献   

Trace elements in skin of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) from the northern waters of Japan: an evaluation for utilization as non-lethal tracers     

Yan J  Kunito T  Tanabe S  Amano M  Miyazaki N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):230-236

Concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, Mo, Hg, Cd, Cr, Ag, Pb, Sr and V were determined in skins of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) of the Pacific coast truei-type population (PT population) (N=45), and the Sea of Japan-Okhotsk dalli-type population (JD population) (N=31) from the northern waters of Japan. Cutaneous Hg concentrations in both PT and JD populations were significantly correlated with age, indicating a possible alternative method of age estimation. A significant correlation was also noted between Hg concentrations in skin and liver, suggesting that biopsy samples of skin can provide a non-lethal surrogate for monitoring Hg contamination in this species. Trace element accumulation patterns differed strongly between PT and JD populations, when analyzed by principal component analysis, suggesting these patterns could be utilized as non-lethal tracers of population identification.  相似文献   

Interlayer proton transfer in brucite under pressure by polarized IR spectroscopy to 5.3 GPa     

Keiji Shinoda  Nobuyuki Aikawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1998,25(3):197-202

In order to investigate the behaviour of proton in brucite under pressure, polarized IR absorption spectra and polarized absorbance distributions of (001) and (110) oriented single crystal of brucite under high pressure were measured by Fourier transform polarized infrared microspectroscopy with diamond anvil cell. A pressure-induced absorption peak at 3645 cm⁻¹ observed under pressures over 2.9 GPa was confirmed to be due to a secondarily formed OH dipole. Polarized absorbance distribution measured under pressure of (110) suggests that the secondary OH dipole is oriented 136.0° to c-axis under 5.3 GPa. Isotropic absorbance distribution of (001) suggests that the secondary OH dipole is disorderly trifurcated. Abrupt onset of the secondary peak and its reverse pleochroism suggest that the process of secondary OH dipole formation is due to proton transfer between layers in brucite. The calculated orientation of the secondary OH dipole consistent with the O-H···O′ angle revealed by neutron diffraction supports the existence of proton transfer along H···O′. The secondary OH dipole implies a new site of proton in brucite under pressure. Received: 6 March 1997 / Revised, accepted: 9 June 1997  相似文献   

Major-element petrochemistry of some extrusive rocks from the volcanically active Mariana Islands     

E. E. Larson  R. L. Reynolds  R. Merrill  S. Levi  M. Ozima  Y. Aoki  H. Kinoshita  S. Zasshu  N. Kawai  T. Nakajima  K. Hirooka 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1974,38(1):361-377

Volcanic rocks from six of the currently or recently active volcances of the Mariana Island are show little variation in major element abundances. SiO₂ content averages 51.5 wt.%. The flows are high in Al₂O (mean 17.7 wt.%) and Fe oxides (mean 10.1 wt.% calculated as FeO only), and moderate in MgO content (mean 4.7 wt.%), Na₂O (mean 2.7 wt.%), and K₂O (mean 0.7 wt.%). Only the rocks from Farallon de Pajaros, the northernmost of the Mariana Islands, deviate slightly from the average of the analyses. Three analyses from this island are slightly higher in SiO₂ (about 54 wt.%) and Al₂O₃, and are lower in total Fe oxides and MgO. According to preferred classification, the lavas of the Mariana Islands can be termed mela-andesites, high-alumina basalts, or calc-alkaline (orogenic) basalts. The K₂O values (mean 0.7 wt.%) obtained from lavas of the Mariana Islands are significantly higher than the K₂O values (about 0.33 wt.%) from volcanics of the Izu chain to the north. Inasmuch as the substantial scatter in location of earthquake foci beneath both arcs prevents accurate delineation of the upper boundary of the Benioff zone, it presently cannot be determined whether this discrepancy in K₂O values reflects a difference in depth from the volcanic are to the dipping seismic zone or relates to other phenomena. The older volcanic islands within the Mariana-Bonin island chain apparently defined an island arc system during Eocene to Miocene time. This indicates that the present plane of convergence between the Pacific plate and the Philippine Sea plate has defined the convergence between these plates since Eocene time.  相似文献   

The theory of the nutation for the rigid earth model at the second order   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Hiroshi Kinoshita  Jean Souchay 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1990,48(3):187-265

We perform a complete reconstruction of the series of the nutation for a rigid Earth model with the use of the very accurate theories ELP2000 and VSOP82 for the motion of the Moon and the planets respectively, in such a way that all the individual contributions up to 0.005 mas should be taken. This implies the introduction of the planetary effects, of the influence of second-order parts of the potential of the Earth (J3, triaxiality), and some improvements due to an extension of the theory at the second order. All this increase notably the number of coefficients to be taken in account, and modifies also in a significant way the value of some of them.  相似文献   

An Evaluation Method of the Effect of Observation Environment on Air Temperature Measurement     

Nobuyuki Kinoshita 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2014,152(1):91-105

Near-surface air temperature is the most important variable in the climatic analysis of global warming. The air temperature near the surface is affected by the artificial surface (asphalt, concrete and buildings for example) surrounding the thermometer. However, there is no quantitative method for evaluating the observational environment. Therefore, a practical evaluation method with a scientific basis is required to aid observational network managers and data users. The magnitude of the artificial surface influence on the air temperature and its characteristics are investigated using numerical experiments with various road widths and wind speeds. The results show that the temperature increase in the lee of the road depends on the distance from the road, the road width, the wind speed and the thermal stratification and that the temperature increase can be estimated using an analytical footprint model. In order to estimate the largest value of the temperature increase, a function is developed from the footprint model; it depends on the normalized distance based on the road width, and thus can be calculated easily. A practical method using this function is proposed for the evaluation of the effect of the observational environment.  相似文献   

Observation of a smoke ring on October 30, 1970     

Ichiro Kawaguchi  Nobuyuki Oda  Shun Mizuno 《Solar physics》1972,22(1):140-141

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The definition of the ecliptic     

Hiroshi Kinoshita  Shinko Aoki 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1983,31(4):329-338

The ecliptic as a mean orbital plane of the Sun in Le Verrier's theory is a mean orbital plane determined from the secular parts of the longitude of the ascending node and the inclination of the Sun with respect to a reference plane. On the other hand, the ecliptic in Newcomb's theory is so chosen that the latitude with respect to his ecliptic does not have cosg nor sing whereg is the mean anomaly of the Sun. The two definitions are really different in spite of their apparent similarity. Standish (1981) defined the ecliptic from a kinematical point of view, and it is shown that the ecliptic defined by Standish (in the rotating sense) does coincide with the ecliptic defined by Newcomb.  相似文献   

Comment on ‘Poisson Equations of Rotational Motion for a Rigid Triaxial Body with Application to a Tumbling Artificial Satellite’ by Liu and Fitzpatrick     

Hiroshi Kinoshita 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1980,21(3):253-257

Liu and Fitzpatrick (1975) discussed the secular and long-periodic behavior of a dynamical system by using improper time-averaged equations. The correct time-averaged equations are given in this note.  相似文献   

Effect of storms during drought on post‐wildfire recovery of channel sediment dynamics and habitat in the southern California chaparral,USA          下载免费PDF全文

Joan L. Florsheim  Anne Chin  Alicia M. Kinoshita  Samira Nourbakhshbeidokhti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(10):1482-1492

Current global warming projections suggest a possible increase in wildfire and drought, augmenting the need to understand how drought following wildfire affects the recovery of stream channels in relation to sediment dynamics. We investigated post‐wildfire geomorphic responses caused by storms during a prolonged drought following the 2013 Springs Fire in southern California (USA), using multi‐temporal terrestrial laser scanning and detailed field measurements. After the fire, a dry‐season dry‐ravel sediment pulse contributed sand and small gravel to hillslope‐channel margins in Big Sycamore Creek and its tributaries. A small storm in WY 2014 generated sufficient flow to mobilize a portion of the sediment derived from the dry‐ravel pulse and deposited the fine sediment in the channel, totaling ~0.60 m³/m of volume per unit length of channel. The sediment deposit buried step‐pool habitat structure and reduced roughness by over 90%. These changes altered sediment transport characteristics of the bed material present before and after the storm; the ratio of available to critical shear stress (τ_o/τ_c) increased by five times. Storms during WY 2015 contributed additional fine sediment from tributaries and lower hillslopes and hyperconcentrated flow transported and deposited additional sediment in the channel. Together these sources delivered sediment on the order of six times that in 2014, further increasing τ_o/τ_c. These storms during multi‐year drought following wildfire transformed channel dynamics. The increased sediment transport capacity persisted during the drought period characterized by the longer residence time of relatively fine‐grained post‐fire channel sedimentation. This contrasts with wetter years, when post‐fire sediment is transported from the fluvial system during the same season as the post‐fire sediment pulse. Results of this short‐term study highlight the complex and substantial effects of multi‐year drought on geomorphic responses following wildfire. These responses influence pool habitat that is critical to longer‐term post‐wildfire riparian ecosystem recovery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献