The geomorphic and climatic significance of rock glaciers     

Eric J. Steig  Douglas H. Clark  Noel Potter  Jr.  Alan R. Gillespie 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1998,80(3-4):173-174

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Transport of Bromide and Other Inorganic Ions by Infiltrating Storm Water Beneath a Farmland Plot     

Mohammad Z. Iqbal  Noel C. Krothe 《Ground water》1996,34(6):972-978

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Geomorphic changes in a complex gully system measured from sequential digital elevation models,and implications for management     

Harley D. Betts  Noel A. Trustrum  Ronald C. De Rose 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(10):1043-1058

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Size increment of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas mature females in Peruvian waters, 1989–2004     

Juan Argüelles  Ricardo Tafur  Anatolio Taipe  Piero Villegas  Friedeman Keyl  Noel Dominguez  Martín Salazar 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):308

Changes in population structure of the jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in Peruvian waters were studied based on size-at-maturity from 1989 to 2004. From 1989 to 1999, mature squid belonging to the medium-sized group prevailed, but from 2001 on, mature squids were larger. This change is not related to the changes in sea surface temperature and we hypothesized that it was caused by the population increase of mesopelagic fishes as prey.  相似文献   

Spatial prediction and ordinary kriging     

Noel Cressie 《Mathematical Geology》1989,21(4):493-494

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Eocene cool-water carbonate and biosiliceous sedimentation dynamics, St Vincent Basin, South Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Noel P. James  & Yvonne Bone 《Sedimentology》2000,47(4):761-786

Middle and Upper Eocene biogenic sediments in the Willunga Embayment along the eastern margin of the St Vincent Basin are a series of warm‐temperate limestones, marls and spiculites. The Middle Eocene Tortachilla Limestone is a thin, coarse grained, quartzose, biofragmental, bryozoan–mollusc calcarenite of stacked metre‐scale depositional cycles with hardground caps. Lithification, aragonite dissolution and the filling of moulds by sediment and cement characterize early marine‐meteoric diagenesis. Further meteoric diagenesis at the end of Tortachilla deposition resulted in dissolution, Fe‐oxide precipitation and calcite cementation. The Upper Eocene Blanche Point Formation is composed of coccolith and spiculite marl and spiculite, all locally rich in glauconite, turritellid gastropods and sponges. Decimetre‐scale units, locally capped by firmgrounds, have fossiliferous lower parts and relatively barren upper parts. Carbonate diagenesis is minor, with much aragonite still present, but early silicification is extensive, except in the spiculite, which is still opal‐A. All depositional environments are interpreted as relatively shallow water: high energy during the Middle Eocene and low energy during the Upper Eocene, reflecting the variable importance of a basin‐entrance archipelago of carbonate highs. Marls and spiculites are interpreted to have formed under an overall estuarine circulation system in a humid climate. Basinal waters, although well mixed, were turbid and rich in land‐derived nutrients, yet subphotic near the sea floor. These low‐energy, inner‐shelf biosiliceous sediments occur in coeval environments across other parts of Australia and elsewhere in the rock record, suggesting that they are a recurring element of the cool‐water, carbonate shelf depositional system. Thus, spiculites and spiculitic carbonates in the rock record need be neither deep basinal nor polar in origin. The paradox of a shallow‐water carbonate–spiculite association may be more common in geological history than generally realized and may reflect a characteristic mid‐latitude, humid climate, temperate water, palaeoenvironmental association.  相似文献   

On the Tropical Atlantic SST warm bias in the Kiel Climate Model   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sebastian Wahl  Mojib Latif  Wonsun Park  Noel Keenlyside 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(5-6):891-906

Most of the current coupled general circulation models show a strong warm bias in the eastern Tropical Atlantic. In this paper, various sensitivity experiments with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) are described. A largely reduced warm bias and an improved seasonal cycle in the eastern Tropical Atlantic are simulated in one particular version of KCM. By comparing the stable and well-tested standard version with the sensitivity experiments and the modified version, mechanisms contributing to the reduction of the eastern Atlantic warm bias are identified and compared to what has been proposed in literature. The error in the spring and early summer zonal winds associated with erroneous zonal precipitation seems to be the key mechanism, and large-scale coupled ocean?Catmosphere feedbacks play an important role in reducing the warm bias. Improved winds in boreal spring cause the summer cooling in the eastern Tropical Atlantic (ETA) via shoaling of the thermocline and increased upwelling, and hence reduced sea surface temperature (SST). Reduced SSTs in the summer suppress convection and favor the development of low-level cloud cover in the ETA region. Subsurface ocean structure is shown to be improved, and potentially influences the development of the bias. The strong warm bias along the southeastern coastline is related to underestimation of low-level cloud cover and the associated overestimation of surface shortwave radiation in the same region. Therefore, in addition to the primarily wind forced response at the equator both changes in surface shortwave radiation and outgoing longwave radiation contribute significantly to reduction of the warm bias from summer to fall.  相似文献   

Ocean–atmosphere coupled Pacific Decadal variability simulated by a climate model     

Luo  Hao  Zheng  Fei  Keenlyside  Noel  Zhu  Jiang 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(11):4759-4773

Climate Dynamics - Currently, the mechanisms for Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are still disputed, and in particular the atmosphere response to the ocean in the mid-latitude remains a key...  相似文献   

A mechanism for Atlantic multidecadal variability in the Kiel Climate Model     

Jin Ba  Noel S. Keenlyside  Wonsun Park  Mojib Latif  Ed Hawkins  Hui Ding 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(7-8):2133-2144

Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) is investigated in a millennial control simulation with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), a coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice model. An oscillatory mode with approximately 60 years period and characteristics similar to observations is identified with the aid of three-dimensional temperature and salinity joint empirical orthogonal function analysis. The mode explains 30 % of variability on centennial and shorter timescales in the upper 2,000 m of the North Atlantic. It is associated with changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of ±1–2 Sv and Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of ±0.2 °C. AMV in KCM results from an out-of-phase interaction between horizontal and vertical ocean circulation, coupled through Irminger Sea convection. Wintertime convection in this region is mainly controlled by salinity anomalies transported by the Subpolar Gyre (SPG). Increased (decreased) dense water formation in this region leads to a stronger (weaker) AMOC after 15 years, and this in turn leads to a weaker (stronger) SPG after another 15 years. The key role of salinity variations in the subpolar North Atlantic for AMV is confirmed in a 1,000 year long simulation with salinity restored to model climatology: No low frequency variations in convection are simulated, and the 60 year mode of variability is absent.  相似文献   

A nonparametric view of generalized covariances for kriging     

Noel Cressie 《Mathematical Geology》1987,19(5):425-449

Fitting trend and error covariance structure iteratively leads to bias in the estimated error variogram. Use of generalized increments overcomes this bias. Certain generalized increments yield difference equations in the variogram which permit graphical checking of the model. These equations extend to the case where errors are intrinsic random functions of order k, k=1, 2, ..., and an unbiased nonparametric graphical approach for investigating the generalized covariance function is developed. Hence, parametric models for the generalized covariance produced by BLUEPACK-3D or other methods may be assessed. Methods are illustrated on a set of coal ash data and a set of soil pH data.  相似文献