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11.
Hakan Yavaolu Ergin Tar&#x; Okan Tüysüz Ziyadin ak&#x;r Semih Ergintav 《Journal of Geodynamics》2011,51(5):339-343
The North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which extends from Karl?ova in Eastern Turkey to the Gulf of Saros in the Northern Aegean Sea, is one of the longest active strike-slip faults in the world with a length of about 1500 km. Within the North Anatolian Shear Zone (NASZ) there are long splays off the main trunk of the NAF veering towards the interior parts of Anatolia. Although the whole shear zone is still seismically active, the major seismicity is concentrated along the main branch of the NAF. Splays of the NAF dissect the shear zone into different continental blocks. The largest splay of the NAF was selected to analyze the distribution of movements between the faults delimiting these blocks. Four years of GPS measurements and modeling results indicate that the differential motion between the Anatolian collage and the Eurasian plate along the central part of the NAF is partitioned between fault splays and varies between 18.7 ± 1.6 and 21.5 ± 2.1 mm/yr with the main branch taking ∼90% of the motion. 相似文献
12.
The use of kaolinite‐based clay minerals as a low‐cost natural adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from electroplating waste leachate was studied. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of varying adsorbent loading, initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. Box–Behnken design with three variables like initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time at three different levels was studied to identify a significant correlation between the effects of these variables to the amount of Cu(II) adsorbed. The methodology identifies the principal experimental variables, which have the greatest effect on the adsorption process. After optimizing the input variables by using Simplex algorithm, the adsorption of Cu(II) was maximal (99.9% with a maximum (positive) standard deviation of 9.4) at pH 6.24, adsorbent dosage of 0.83 g L?1, and contact time of 97 min, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental values are in good agreement with predicted values, the correlation coefficient and adjusted correlation coefficients were found to be 0.96 and 0.87, respectively. 相似文献
13.
Münire Selcen Sönmez Melis Muz Okan Tarık Komesli Sezgin Bakırdere Celal Ferdi Gökçay 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(9):980-985
Simultaneous determination of endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs), namely diltiazem, progesterone, benzylbutylphthalate (BBP), estrone, and carbamazepine (Cbz) were performed by using high performance LC–electrospray tandem MS. The ultrasound‐aided sequential extraction of sludge samples was optimized to increase extraction efficiencies of the analytes; ranging between 93.0–98.3% recovery. The limit of detection values for diltiazem, progesterone, BBP, estrone, and Cbz were found as 0.78, 0.72, 0.24, 0.75, and 0.72 µg/kg, respectively. Sludge samples taken from Ankara Tatlar; Hurma, Lara and Kemer of Antalya, and Middle East Technical University‐vacuum rotating membrane wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) aeration tanks were analyzed for their EDCs contents under optimized conditions. Diltiazem was found in all the samples in the range between 116.4–180.8 ng/g while progesterone and estrone were not detected in any of the samples analyzed with the exception of Tatlar WWTP. The BBP concentration was between beyond detection and 9195.5 ng/g. In addition, Cbz was found in all the samples ranging from 25.6 to 118.8 ng/g. 相似文献
14.
The east–west-trending North Anatolian Fault makes a 17° bend in the western Marmara region from a mildly transpressional segment to a strongly transtensional one. We have studied the changes in the morphology and structure around this fault bend using digital elevation models, field structural geology, and multi-channel seismic reflection profiles. The transpression is reflected in the morphology as the Ganos Mountain, a major zone of uplift, 10 km wide and 35 km long, elongated parallel to the transpressional Ganos Fault segment west of this bend. Flat-lying Eocene turbidites of the Thrace Basin are folded upwards against this Ganos Fault, forming a monocline with the Ganos Mountain at its steep southern limb and the flat-lying hinterland farther north at the flat limb. The sharp northern margin of the Ganos Mountain coincides closely with the monoclinal axis. The strike of the bedding, and the minor and regional fold axes in the Eocene turbidites in Ganos Mountain are parallel to the trace of the Ganos Fault indicating that these structures, as well as the morphology, have formed by shortening perpendicular to the North Anatolian Fault. The monoclinal structure of Ganos Mountain implies that the North Anatolian Fault dips under this mountain at 50°, and this ramp terminates at a decollement at a calculated depth of 8 km. East of this fault bend, the northward dip of the North Anatolian Fault is maintained but it has a normal dip-slip component. This has led to the formation of an asymmetric half-graben, the Tekirdağ Basin in the western Sea of Marmara, containing a thickness of up to 2.5 km of Pliocene to Recent syn-transform sediments. As the Ganos uplift is translated eastwards from the transpressional to the transtensional zone, it undergoes subsidence by southward tilting. However, a morphological relic of the Ganos uplift is maintained as the steep northern submarine slope of the Tekirdağ Basin. The minimum of 3.5 km of fault-normal shortening in the Ganos Mountain, and the minimum of 40 km eastward translation of the Ganos uplift indicate that the present fault geometry has existed for at least the last 2 million years. 相似文献
15.
Seasonal occurrence of six ostracod species (Psychrodromus olivaceus, Potamocypris villosa, Ilyocypris inermis, Candona candida, Candona neglecta, and Cypridopsis vidua) varied from May 2003 to June 2004 in three types of spring (Limnocrene, Helocrene, Rheocrene). When I. inermis was only found in the limnocrene spring each month, P. olivaceus was common in all types of springs. The other four ostracods were found in the helocrene spring in fall, winter, and spring seasons. The unweighted pair group mean averages dendrogram separated three main clusters. The first cluster includes two species (C. vidua, C. candida) while I. inermis was found in the second cluster and P. olivaceus, C. neglecta, and P. villosa were found in the third. The occurrence of P. olivaceus and C. neglecta and P. villosa and C. candida was strongly correlated to each other (r=0.750 and 0.850, respectively). The Pearson correlation analyses showed a strong negative relationship between C. neglecta and water temperature (r=−0.607), but other species did not show any significant correlation to any of the environmental variables used (P>0.05). Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) displayed all species closer to the center of the dendrogram, indicating high levels of species tolerances to environmental variables. Thus, the first axis of the CCA diagram explained 80% of the relationship between six species and five environmental variables. 相似文献
16.
The study area is in the southeastern part of the city of Elaz between 38°17–38°43 latitudes and 38°36–39°07 longitudes. Formations of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic age comprise confined and unconfined aquifers. Unconfined aquifers are represented by Na-Cl and Na-HCO3 type waters while confined aquifers are characterized by Ca-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 type waters. Due to sodium pollution, as a result of irrigation from waters of Hazar lake in the plain, as well as intense use of artificial fertilizer and improper storage of animal fertilizers, NH4-N, NO3-N and total PO4-P pollution are detected in waters of the unconfined aquifer. Organic material contents in waters of well nos. S27, S29 and S32 completed in the unconfined aquifer are above 3.5 mg/l of Turkish Standard Institute (TSE), (266) standard. In confined aquifers, total PO4-P pollution in four wells and NH4-N pollution in three wells were observed to be above the TSE (266) standard. 相似文献
17.
Okan Su 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(2):541-553
Electro-hydraulic and jumbo drills are commonly used for underground coal mines and tunnel drives for the purpose of blasthole drilling and rock bolt installations. Not only machine parameters but also environmental conditions have significant effects on drilling. This study characterizes the performance of button bits during blasthole drilling in coal measure rocks by using multiple regression analyses. The penetration rate of jumbo and electro-hydraulic drills was measured in the field by employing bits in different diameters and the specific energy of the drilling was calculated at various locations, including highway tunnels and underground roadways of coal mines. Large block samples were collected from each location at which in situ drilling measurements were performed. Then, the effects of rock properties and machine parameters on the drilling performance were examined. Multiple regression models were developed for the prediction of the specific energy of the drilling and the penetration rate. The results revealed that hole area, impact (blow) energy, blows per minute of the piston within the drill, and some rock properties, such as the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the drilling rate index (DRI), influence the drill performance. 相似文献
18.
Evaluating climate change effects on runoff by statistical downscaling and hydrological model GR2M 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of climate change on Izmir-Tahtali freshwater basin, which is located in the Aegean Region of Turkey. For this purpose, a developed strategy involving statistical downscaling and hydrological modeling is illustrated through its application to the basin. Prior to statistical downscaling of precipitation and temperature, the explanatory variables are obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data set. All possible regression approach is used to establish the most parsimonious relationship between precipitation, temperature, and climatic variables. Selected predictors have been used in training of artificial neural networks-based downscaling models and the trained models with the obtained relationships have been operated to produce scenario precipitation and temperature from the simulations of third Generation Coupled Climate Model. Biases from downscaled outputs have been reduced after downscaling process. Finally, the corrected downscaled outputs have been transformed to runoff by means of a monthly parametric hydrological model GR2M to assess the probable impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on runoff. According to the A1B climate scenario results, statistically significant trends are foreseen for precipitation, temperature, and runoff in the study basin. 相似文献
19.
Jean-Pierre Masse Okan Tüysüz Mukerrem Fenerci-Masse Sacit Özer Bilal Sari 《Cretaceous Research》2009,30(5):1170-1180
Barremian-Lower Aptian platform carbonates (“Urgonian limestones”) of the northern margin of the Istanbul zone extend from Zonguldak to the Kurucasile area along the Black Sea coast. New stratigraphic data on the “Inpiri” Formation of the Inpiri-Kurucasile area are based on the identification of calcareous algae, foraminifera, and rudists. They show that this lithostratigraphic unit is stratigraphically and lithologically equivalent to the Ökü?medere Formation from Zonguldak. Some of the biostratigraphic markers are reported for the first time in Anatolia. Foraminifera are represented by several forms with a significant biostratigraphic potential used to distinguish the Barremian from the lower Aptian. Lower Aptian beds also yield relatively advanced caprinid rudists.The Ökü?medere Formation is relatively thin, terrigeneous-rich, and rudist-free or rudist-poor in the Kurucasile sector, and thick, terrigeneous-poor, and rudist-rich from Amasra to Zonguldak, with a set of marker beds including either charophytes or Palorbitolina and capped by a coral unit underlying ammonite bearing marls. Terrigeneous-rich carbonates from the eastern sector are interpreted as marginal marine coastal, infralittoral environments and grade distally, northward, to marly basinal sediments. By contrast “Urgonian type” limestones from the Zonguldak-Amasra region possess a wide extent and no transition to coastal or basinal sediments has been observed. A transition from a typical platform westward to a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate ramp eastward was controlled by both the nature of the adjacent exposed area and tectonic factors affecting the overall continental margin that is a northward downwarping. The exposed area was flanked southward by a belt of coastal siliciclastics grading southward and eastward to deep water sediments of the Ulus basin. In mid-Bedoulian time, carbonate platform demise from the western region was drowned below deeper marly sediments whereas the eastern siliscilastic-carbonate ramp was buried below coastal clastics. 相似文献
20.
Electro hydraulic drillers have been widely used in mining for drilling and roof-bolting. In the drilling process, the performance of the machine is predicted by selecting an appropriate bit type prior to drilling operations. In this paper, a series of field drilling studies were conducted in order to examine and compare the performance of chisel and button bits including wear on the bits. The effects of taper angle on chisel bits, which are at angles of 105°, 110° and 120°, were investigated in terms of rate of penetration, instantaneous drilling rate and specific energy. The results of drilling and abrasivity tests performed in the laboratory supported the outcome of the field studies. Based on laboratory studies and field observations, it was proven that the conglomerate encountered, though it is very abrasive, is easy to drill. The cutter life in the encountered series is also longer in sandstone formation compared to the conglomerate. Additionally, button bits resulted in lower specific energy and higher penetration rates relative to chisel bits, regardless of their taper angles. The results were also supported with statistical analyses. 相似文献