基于脉冲检测的混合震源数据分离   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

魏亚杰  韩立国  单刚义  朱鹤文 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1157-1168

混合震源采集技术相对于传统地震数据采集具有改善成像质量、提高采集效率的优势.减小混合炮中单炮之间的随机延时范围能够有效的提高采集效率,但这也给之后的混采数据分离带来了影响.混采数据经伪分离后非共炮域数据中的混叠噪声明显更加集中,不利于对混叠噪声进行压制.本文提出基于脉冲检测方法对混采数据进行分离,并且与迭代的多级中值滤波方法作对比,时间延时范围较大时,两种方法都能得到很好的分离结果;时间延时范围较小时,本文方法能更有效的去除混叠噪声,同时也能更好的保留细节信息.实际数据计算结果表明,本文方法一定程度上还能够有效压制其他随机噪声.  相似文献   

Preliminary analysis on the source properties and seismogenic structure of the 2017 M_s7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake     

Zujun XIE  Yong ZHENG  Huajian YAO  Lihua FANG  Yong ZHANG  Chengli LIU  Maomao WANG  Bin SHAN  Huiping ZHANG  Junjie REN  Lingyun JI  Meiqin SONG 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,(3)

At GMT time 13:19, August 8, 2017, an Ms7.0 earthquake struck the Jiuzhaigou region in Sichuan Province, China,causing severe damages and casualties. To investigate the source properties, seismogenic structures, and seismic hazards, we systematically analyzed the tectonic environment, crustal velocity structure in the source region, source parameters and rupture process, Coulomb failure stress changes, and 3-D features of the rupture plane of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our results indicate the following:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred on an unmarked fault belonging to the transition zone of the east Kunlun fault system and is located northwest of the Huya fault.(2) Both the mainshock and aftershock rupture zones are located in a region where crustal seismic velocity changes dramatically. Southeast to the source region, shear wave velocity at the middle to lower crust is significantly low, but it rapidly increases northeastward and lies close to the background velocity across the rupture fault.(3) The aftershock zone is narrow and distributes along the northwest-southeast trend, and most aftershocks occur within a depth range of 5–20 km.(4) The focal mechanism of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake indicates a left-lateral strike-slip fault, with strike, dip, and rake angles of 152°, 74° and 8°, respectively. The hypocenter depth measures 20 km, whereas the centroid depth is about 6 km. The co-seismic rupture mainly concentrates at depths of 3–13 km, with a moment magnitude(M_w) of 6.5.(5) The co-seismic rupture also strengthens the Coulomb failure stress at the two ends of the rupture fault and the east segment of the Tazang fault. Aftershocks relocation results together with geological surveys indicate that the causative fault is a near vertical fault with notable spatial variations: dip angle varies within 66°–89° from northwest to southeast and the average dip angle measures ~84°. The results of this work are of fundamental importance for further studies on the source characteristics, tectonic environment, and seismic hazard evaluation of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.  相似文献   

TWO-DIMENSIONAL WHOLE CYCLE SIMULATION OF SPONTANE-OUS RUPTURE OF THE 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE USING THE CONTINUOUS-DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD     

ZHAO You-jia  ZHANG Guo-hong  ZHANG Ying-feng  SHAN Xin-jian  QU Chun-yan 《地震地质》2018,40(1):12-26

The May 12, 2008 M_S7.9 Wenchuan earthquake is ranked as one of the most devastating natural disasters ever occurred in modern Chinese history. The Longmenshan Fault(LMSF) zone is the seismogenic source structure, which consists of three sub-parallel faults, i.e., the Guanxian-Jiangyou Fault(GJF) in the frontal, the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault(YBF) in the central fault and the Wenchuan-Maowen Fault(WMF) in the back of the LMSF. In this study, geological survey and seismic profiles are used to constrain the faults geometry and medium parameters. Three visco-elastic finite element models of the LMSF with different main faults are established. From the phase of interseismic stress accumulation to coseismic stress release and postseismic adjustment, the Wenchuan earthquake is simulated using Continuous-Discrete Element Method(CDEM). Modeling results show that before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the GJF becomes unstable due to the interaction between its unique fault geometry and the tectonic stress loading. In the fault geometry model, the GJF is the most gently dipped fault among the three faults, which in return makes it having the smallest normal stress and the greatest shear stress. The continuous shear stress loading finally meets the fault failure criteria and the Wenchuan earthquake starts to initiate on the GJF at the depth of 15~20km. The earthquake rupture then propagated to the YBF. At the same time, due to the GJF and YBF rupture, the interseismic stress accumulation has been greatly reduced, causing the WMF failed to rupture. Although the stress accumulation in the WMF has been reduced significantly after the earthquake, yet it has not been released completely, which means that the WMF likely has with high seismic risk after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We also find that the stress perturbation caused by gently dipping segment of the fault can promote the passive rupture in the steeply dipping segment, making the upper limit of dip angles larger than traditional assumption.  相似文献   

基于InSAR和远场地震波联合反演2008年M_W6.3大柴旦地震震源破裂过程          下载免费PDF全文

温少妍  单新建  张国宏  张迎峰  屈春燕  赵德政  李彦川 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2301-2309

利用InSAR同震形变升、降轨数据和远场地震波数据,基于均方根最小与标量地震矩最小双重约束下的模拟退火方法,联合反演2008年11月10日大柴旦M_W6.3地震震源破裂过程.结果表明,2008年大柴旦地震震源破裂过程整体表现为沿倾向方向从深部破裂起始点处向上往地表传播,且破裂未到达地表;在前7 s内,滑动沿西北和东南两个方向传播,7 s后主要沿东南方向传播,破裂过程时间持续约为11 s,同震滑动分布主要集中在地下10~20 km范围内,最大滑动量达-0.71 m;反演结果揭示本次地震为西南倾高角度兼具微量走滑分量的逆冲破裂事件,反演矩张量为3.96×10¹⁸N·m,矩震级约M_W6.37.通过大柴旦地震发震断层和破裂机制综合分析,初步判断发震断层为西南倾向的大柴旦—宗务隆山断裂.  相似文献   

A comparison of seismic saltbody interpretation via neural networks at sample and pattern levels     

Haibin Di  Ghassan AlRegib 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(2):521-535

Saltbodies are important subsurface structures that have significant implications for hydrocarbon accumulation and sealing in petroleum reservoirs, and accurate saltbody imaging and delineation is now greatly facilitated with the availability of three-dimensional seismic surveying. However, with the growing demand for larger survey coverage and higher imaging resolution, the size of seismic data is increasing dramatically. Correspondingly, manual saltbody interpretation fails to offer an efficient solution, particularly in exploration areas of complicated salt intrusion history. Recently, artificial intelligence is attracting great attention from geoscientists who desire to utilize the popular machine learning technologies for evolving the interpretational tools capable of mimicking an experienced interpreter's intelligence. This study first implements two popular machine learning tools, the multi-layer perceptron and the convolutional neural network, for delineating seismic saltbodies at sample and pattern levels, respectively, then compares their performance through applications to the synthetic SEAM seismic volume, and moreover tentatively investigates what contributes to the better convolutional neural network delineation. Specifically, the multi-layer perceptron scheme is capable of efficiently utilizing an interpreter's knowledge by selecting, pre-conditioning and integrating a set of seismic attributes that best highlight the target saltbodies, whereas the convolutional neural network scheme makes it possible for saltbody delineation directly from seismic amplitude and thus significantly reduces the dependency on attribute selection from interpreters. It is concluded that the better performance from the convolutional neural network scheme results from two factors. First, the convolutional neural network builds the mapping relationship between the seismic signals and the saltbodies using the original seismic amplitude instead of manually selected seismic attributes, so that the negative impact of using less representative attributes is virtually eliminated. Second and more importantly, the convolutional neural network defines, learns and identifies the saltbodies by utilizing local seismic reflection patterns, so that the seismic noises and processing artefacts of distinct patterns are effectively identified and excluded.  相似文献   

新一代多波束接收系统的科学目标与概念设计          下载免费PDF全文

杨戟  单文磊 《天文学报》2022,63(3):26-14

大视场、高灵敏度、高分辨、宽带信号接收以及多偏振成份接收等,是银河系毫米波分子谱线巡天不断追求的目标.从一氧化碳(CO)多谱线巡天的最新进展出发,归纳了未来银河系大尺度分子巡天可着重瞄准的几个前沿科学目标,包括广域弱发射区的探查、分子云内部结构的多探针成像以及银河系大尺度气体结构与物质循环调查等.介绍3毫米波段新一代多波束接收系统的一套概念设计.结合最新的技术预研,给出实现该方案的技术要点.新一代多波束接收系统的概念设计瞄准了100波束的接收规模,众多谱线以及双偏振成份的接收能力.在继承边带分离混频原理的基础上,基于新近发展的超导混频器集成电路,实现双偏振接收的新模式.在多谱线信号接收的基础上扩大每个信号边带至8 GHz从而同时接收众多谱线.参照已有的技术基础和近期预研的进展,本概念设计方案完全可以实现.与现有毫米波多波束接收设备相比,新一代毫米波多波束接收系统的综合接收能力预计将提升89–178倍.该设计将为毫米波多波束接收能力再次实现变革性的飞跃提供可能.  相似文献   

宜兴太湖防护林对农业面源污染的减源增汇作用浅析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙慧  张建锋  单奇华  汪庆兵  陈光才  吴灏 《湖泊科学》2015,27(2):227-233

为探讨太湖沿岸防护林宜兴段对农业面源污染物的控制效果,通过在宜兴市太湖防护林采集土壤样品,测定其中营养元素含量,结合周边农业生产施肥概况,初步分析了该区域防护林对农业面源污染的减源—增汇效应.结果表明,2009年10月份防护林地上部分固定的C、N、P和K分别为2439.48、18.34、2.48和13.42 g/m2;2011年5月份固定量分别为3114.12、23.42、3.16和17.13 g/m2;而2013年8月份固定量分别为4722.46、35.53、4.81和25.99 g/m2.可见C、N、P和K的固定量是逐年增加的,相比2009年,分别增加了93.6%、93.7%、94.0%和93.7%.结果说明宜兴段太湖沿岸防护林对农业面源污染的控制效果较显著,有助于太湖水污染的治理.  相似文献   

BCC_CSM1.1(m)模式对于夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动的模拟          下载免费PDF全文

单机坤  梁潇云  吴统文  刘向文  李巧萍 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):106-118

亚洲-太平洋涛动是北半球夏季亚洲大陆和北太平洋副热带地区对流层中高层扰动温度场上大尺度的东西反相的遥相关现象,其异常变化与亚洲-太平洋地区夏季风气候有着密切的联系.基于欧洲中心的ERA-40再分析资料和国家气候中心BCC_CSM1.1（m）气候系统模式多年的数值模拟结果,本文主要评估了BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式对于夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动的空间分布、指数的时间演变及与其变化所对应的亚洲地区夏季环流异常等方面的模拟能力,结果表明：BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够较好地模拟出北半球夏季对流层中高层扰动温度在亚-太地区中纬度存在的西高东低"跷跷板"现象;模式能够模拟出夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动指数的年际变率,但是不能模拟出该指数在20世纪60-70年代明显下降的年代际趋势;模式还能较好地模拟出亚洲-太平洋涛动高低指数年亚洲-太平洋地区夏季环流的异常：指数偏高年份,南亚高压增强,高空西风急流带和热带东风急流均加强,索马里越赤道气流增强,南亚热带季风和东亚副热带季风均增强,东亚季风低压槽加强,西北太平洋副热带高压增强,南亚和东亚北部降水增加,菲律宾地区、中国长江流域-朝鲜半岛-日本一带地区降水减少,反之亦然.  相似文献   

基于地球物理方法预测二连盆地及邻区晚古生代潜在烃源岩分布          下载免费PDF全文

单玄龙  曲跃  杜添添  刘财  马国庆  杜先利  孟庆发 《地球物理学报》2019,62(3):1139-1147

二连盆地及邻区是我国油气勘探的重点区域之一,普遍认为烃源岩层主要分布在中生代地层,对其晚古生代地层的烃源岩潜力研究较少,本文对研究区内晚古生代碳酸盐岩及泥岩进行了有机地球化学实验并分析其烃源岩潜力,评价结果表明二连盆地及邻区内晚古生代地层具有一定的生烃潜力,受高成熟度的影响,剩余潜力以生气能力为主.依据研究区内电法剖面、布格重力异常特征及磁性资料认为晚古生代潜在烃源岩层具有"低电阻、高密度、弱磁性"的地球物理性质,并初步预测了二连盆地及邻区晚古生代的深度大致分布在3～5km的范围内,进一步利用优化后的小子域滤波重力异常分离技术对晚古生代地层进行了厚度预测,刻画其平面分布特征,认为研究区内的晚古生代地层具有两个分布中心,其中心区厚度范围为1000～2000m之间,与野外地质剖面的厚度基本一致,晚古生代潜在烃源岩的平面预测可以为二连盆地油气勘探工作提供新方向.  相似文献   

高频GNSS实时地震学与地震预警研究现状   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

单新建  尹昊  刘晓东  王振杰  屈春燕  张国宏  张迎峰  李彦川  汪驰升  姜宇 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3043-3052

为实现从注重灾后救助向注重灾前预防转变,如何提高地震灾害监测预警和风险防范能力成为我们关注的重点.本文给出了国际上GNSS位移记录、强震动加速度记录、测震速度记录在地震预警中的应用现状,并总结了各自的特点,归纳出围绕高频GNSS地震学在震级与破裂过程实时反演中的几个需要进一步研究的关键问题：（1）引入北斗系统,基于高频GNSS（GPS/BDS）双系统的实时位移解算方法来提高实时单站位移解算精度,使实时解算精度达到厘米级;（2）开展强震仪加速度记录基线偏移校正研究,弥补地震近场GNSS站密度不足问题;（3）强震仪加速度记录与GNSS位移记录特点不同,开展强震仪加速度数据与GNSS位移数据实时融合处理研究,快速获得包含丰富地震形变和速率的波形数据;（4）测震学方法可快速估算震级,但是在强震发生时会出现震级饱和现象,造成震级估算偏低.需要开展基于GNSS位移时间序列的多种方法相结合的实时震级估算方法研究,通过与地震学方法比较和结合,来得到精度高、计算快的震级估值算法;（5）基于高频GNSS、断层初始模型快速选取、断层尺度、参数自适应调整是快速判断断层破裂方向的基础,在断层破裂过程自适应准实时反演算法方面需要进一步加强.通过国内外研究现状调研、分析,表明基于高频GNSS地震学的震级快速确定、震源破裂过程准实时反演算法的发展将对我国地震预警系统从"二网融合"到"三网融合"提供坚实的技术支撑.  相似文献