Analysis of the contribution of multiple factors to the recent decrease in discharge and sediment yield in the Yellow River Basin,China   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

Wenyi Yao  Peiqing Xiao  Zhenzhou Shen  Jinhua Wang  Peng Jiao 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(9):1289-1304

The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000, but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities (e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m³ above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities (e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors (e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tongguan station were 12.4 billion m³ and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the climatic impacts on greenup date in the Tibetan Plateau     

Qing Chang  Jiahua Zhang  Wenzhe Jiao  Fengmei Yao  Siyuan Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(20):1343

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基于无机成因的油气勘查概念模型(BRCF)     

舒思齐  张洪涛  肖序常 《地质通报》2018,37(5):920-929

基于超基性岩蛇纹石化成油理论,根据构造条件和沉积条件,提出了石油勘查概念模型——"BRCF"模型:B代表侵入地壳超基性岩;R代表储油层;C代表盖层;F代表深大断裂。运用该模型分析了波斯湾地区油气田和中国典型油气田油气成藏规律,并预测了中国大陆油气勘查靶区。  相似文献   

Tracing submarine groundwater discharge flux in Tolo Harbor,Hong Kong (China)     

Yi Liu  Jiu Jimmy Jiao  Ho Kwan Cheng 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(6):1857-1873

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important pathway for groundwater and associated chemicals to discharge to the sea. Groundwater levels monitored along a transect perpendicular to the shoreline are used to calculate SGD flux from the nearshore aquifer to Tolo Harbor, Hong Kong (China). The calculated SGD flux—recharge/discharge measured with Darcy’s Law methods—agrees well with estimates based on geo-tracer techniques and seepage meter in Tolo Harbor during previous studies. The estimated freshwater SGD is 1.69–2.0 m²/d at the study site and 0.3?±?0.04 cm/d for the whole of Tolo Harbor, which is comparable to the river discharge (0.25?±?0.07 cm/d) and precipitation (0.45?±?0.15 cm/d). The tide-driven SGD in the intertidal zone is 13.98–17.59 m²/d at the study site and 2.42?±?0.56 cm/d for the whole of Tolo Harbor. The SGD occurring in the subtidal zone and the bottom of Tolo Harbor is 3.12?±?4.63 cm/d. Fresh SGD accounts for ~5% of the total SGD, while the rest (~95%) is contributed by saline SGD driven by various forces. About 96% of the tide-driven SGD in the intertidal zone occurs in the ebbing tide period because the head difference between the groundwater level and sea level is great during this period. Tide-driven SGD in the spring tide is ~1.2 times that during neap tide. The tidal fluctuation amplitude and tide-driven SGD in the intertidal zone are positively correlated to each other; thus, a spring neap variation of the tide-driven SGD is observed.  相似文献   

滇西普朗斑岩铜矿床中磷灰石的地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

邢凯  舒启海  赵鹤森  徐浩楠 《岩石学报》2018,34(5):1427-1440

滇西普朗斑岩铜矿床位于三江特提斯构造带义敦岛弧南端,是晚三叠世甘孜-理塘洋壳俯冲背景下的成矿作用产物。本文选取普朗矿床含矿石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩中蚀变和未蚀变磷灰石进行研究,以探讨其对成岩、成矿作用的指示意义。结果显示,相比于未蚀变磷灰石,蚀变磷灰石的Na、S、Mn、Ca、Y及REE等元素含量均有不同程度的降低。总体而言,普朗矿床中磷灰石均具有高Sr、δEu,低Y的特征,指示了其母岩浆具似埃达克质特点。本次研究表明磷灰石的卤素、Sr和REE可以用来追踪成矿母岩浆成分、氧化状态和结晶演化过程。与三叠纪不成矿的休瓦促岩体相比,普朗矿床成矿岩体的磷灰石具高δEu、低Mn和δCe的特点,且δEu和δCe总体呈负相关趋势,表明普朗矿床成矿岩体氧逸度相对较高。此外,磷灰石中(La/Sm)_N、(La/Yb)_N和(Sm/Yb)_N比值降低可能是岩浆中独居石结晶或含Cl热液出溶的结果。与邻区的春都矿床、白垩纪休瓦促成矿岩体对比研究表明,普朗斑岩成矿岩浆具有高Cl/F特征,可能形成于典型的大洋俯冲环境。  相似文献   

A comparative analysis of the NDVIg and NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology changes in the Northern Hemisphere     

Qing Chang  Wenzhe Jiao  Fengmei Yao 《国际地球制图》2018,33(1):1-20

Phenology is a sensitive and critical feature of vegetation and is a good indicator for climate change studies. The global inventory modelling and mapping studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been the most widely used data source for monitoring of the vegetation dynamics over large geographical areas in the past two decades. With the release of the third version of the NDVI (GIMMS NDVI3g) recently, it is important to compare the NDVI3g data with those of the previous version (NDVIg) to link existing studies with future applications of the NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology. In this study, the three most popular satellite start of vegetation growing season (SOS) extraction methods were used, and the differences between SOSg and SOS3g arising from the methods were explored. The amplitude and the peak values of the NDVI3g are higher than those of the NDVIg curve, which indicated that the SOS derived from the NDVIg (SOSg) was significantly later than that derived from the NDVI3g (SOS3g) based on all the methods, for the whole northern hemisphere. In addition, SOSg and SOS3g both showed an advancing trend during 1982–2006, but that trend was more significant with SOSg than with SOS3g in the results from all three methods. In summary, the difference between SOSg and SOS3g (in the multi-year mean SOS, SOS change slope and the turning point in the time series) varied among the methods and was partly related to latitude. For the multi-year mean SOS, the difference increased with latitude intervals in the low latitudes (0–30°N) and decreased in the mid- and high-latitude intervals. The GIMMS NDVI3g data-sets seemed more sensitive than the GIMMS NDVIg in detecting information about the ground, and the SOS3g data were better correlated both with the in situ observations and the SOS derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI. For the northern hemisphere, previous satellite measures (SOS derived from GIMMS NDVIg) may have overestimated the advancing trend of the SOS by an average of 0.032 d yr^–1.  相似文献   

如何用ArcGIS 9.3制作1∶10000地形图     

石礁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(2):176-177

随着1∶10 000数据的更新,制图文件已不再是附属产品,并逐步成为1∶10 000地形图制作过程中的重要环节。本文简要介绍了用ArcGIS 9.3制图的过程和注意事项。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地一里坪盐湖富锂卤水特征、储层物性及富水区分析     

赵艳军  焦鹏程  汪明泉  张大义  朱振光  胡宇飞 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2062-2072

一里坪盐湖是柴达木盆地中一个典型的富锂卤水矿床,具有重大的经济价值.本文以查明盐湖深部卤水分布为目的,从卤水储层的空间分布特征和储层物性的角度对富水区进行预测,为卤水开发提供依据.研究区位于一里坪成盐盆地沉积中心区域,晚更新世末期以来,以沉积浅湖相的含淤泥和黏土粉砂岩,盐湖相的含粉砂和黏土的石盐岩为特征.在垂向上,由上下两套石盐岩夹中部粉砂岩组成一里坪富锂卤水的储层;平面上,研究区北部主要为浅湖相,往南过渡为盐湖相,石盐岩厚度在东南部最大.对储层厚度、孔隙度和给水度的分析表明,第Ⅱ矿层孔隙型和晶间型卤水优质储层均位于研究区东部,可作为卤水资源勘查开采的重点区域.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地一里坪盐湖成盐卤水成分变化及其意义——来自LA- ICP- MS分析石盐流体包裹体组成的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡宇飞  汪明泉  赵艳军  焦鹏程 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2109-2120

一里坪盐湖是柴达木盆地一个以富锂卤水为主的干盐湖,蕴藏有丰富的卤水钾锂资源,目前对成矿过程中卤水的成分及其演变规律方面的研究较少.论文选取一里坪盐湖中部钻孔HC2105岩芯的石盐为主要对象,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子质谱法开展了单个石盐原生流体包裹体成分分析,探讨恢复了一里坪盐湖地区晚更新世以来成盐期的古卤水成分.结果表明,一里坪盐湖下层石盐古卤水Li、B、K等离子浓度均高于上层石盐,这说明晚更新世成矿条件更好.古卤水中Li、B、K和Mg等离子具有正相关性,再结合对Ca离子浓度变化的研究,说明一里坪盐湖的主要物质来源为那棱郭勒河,深部卤水对其物质来源贡献较小;石盐流体包裹体中各离子浓度的演变规律与钻孔沉积韵律以及古气候变化三者基本可以拟合,从而证实盐湖卤水成分变化受到古气候变化的影响,干冷期可能更有利于富锂卤水矿的形成.  相似文献   

高寒冻土区生物结皮对土壤理化属性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

明姣  盛煜  金会军  张泽  杜玉霞 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):601-609

生物结皮是高寒地区地被层的重要组分之一。其作为地表特殊的结构层,能够改变地表结构及土壤理化属性,从而影响冻土环境。迄今为止,关于青藏高原高寒生态系统中生物结皮对土壤理化属性的影响尚不清楚。以青藏高原高寒冻土区生物结皮为研究对象,初步研究了生物结皮的特征及其对土壤理化属性的影响。结果表明：生物结皮在高寒草甸退化过程中广泛发育,主要以藻结皮为主,其盖度可达37.3%~51.7%,结皮层平均厚度为12.6 mm。由于生物结皮的发育,高寒地区5~20 cm土层粉粒含量有所增加,但差异不显著,而结皮层土壤田间持水量相比于裸地表层（2 cm）增加了10%~40%,结皮层容重较裸地降低了30%;两种类型藻结皮均显著增加了结皮层及其下0~20 cm土层土壤有机质,而深色藻结皮增加了结皮层及其下0~20 cm土层土壤全氮含量,浅色藻结皮仅增加了结皮层土壤全氮含量,对其下0~20 cm土层土壤全氮含量没有显著影响;生物结皮对土壤pH没有显著影响;生物结皮是高寒生态系统植被退化过程中的关键环节。研究结果为揭示生物结皮在高寒生态系统中发挥重要生态功能提供依据。  相似文献