浅谈全国第二次土地调查项目的几个关键环节     

戴卫东  邱婵 《地理空间信息》2010,8(6):134-135

介绍了全国第二次土地调查项目中调绘底图生产、土地调查、田坎系数测定、农村宅基地调查等关键环节,结合实际生产,分析了各环节的重要性及实施情况。  相似文献   

变化环境下半干旱草原流域径流变化特征及其影响因子定量分析     

于婵  王威娜  高瑞忠  刘廷玺  白勇  王喜喜 《水文》2019,39(1):78-84

地表水文过程在气候波动和人类活动的作用下发生了不可忽视的变化,这种变化对于内蒙古半干旱草原流域来说更为显著。采用改进的M-K趋势检验法、双累积曲线法、累积距平法和小波变换法对典型半干旱草原流域——锡林河流域1963～2015年径流序列的变化特征进行了剖析,并以社会经济指标量化流域内人类活动影响及细化降水特征因素,运用统计检验和主成分分析进行了变化环境下流域径流主要影响因素的定量分析。结果表明,锡林河流域径流量在水文年、季尺度呈现显著(p0.05)减少趋势;流域径流的突变年份为1998年,在其前后影响径流变化的主导因素发生变化,1998年以后径流受到人类活动和气候变化的双重影响;水文年和枯水季径流序列均存在6年、25年左右的周期,而丰水季径流不存在显著周期变化;尽管气候因素中的降水、蒸发、相对湿度及所有人类活动因素与径流显著相关而影响径流,但其中人类活动为径流变化的主导因素。  相似文献   

Principal stress rotation and cyclic shear strength for an elliptical rotation stress path     

Zhongtao Wang  Andrew Chan  Dan Jin 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1077-1085

Based on the analytical solutions for wave-induced soil response in an unsaturated anisotropic seabed of finite thickness, an elliptical, i.e., noncircular rotation stress path is proven to be a more common state in a soil element with the cyclic shear stresses due to the traveling linear wave. The influence of an elliptical stress path on the characterization of failure strength is analyzed using three new parameters representing the shape, size, and the orientation of the ellipse. A series of cyclic rotational shear tests on the reconstituted specimens of Chinese Fujian Standard Sand have been performed to investigate the effect of elliptical stress path. A strength function in term of failure cycles is derived to quantify the failure strength of a given sand within a seabed subjected to regular wave loading. The results provide a basis for the evaluation of liquefaction potential of seabed but also point to a unique backbone cycle shear strength curve for soil under principal stress rotation.  相似文献   

Constitutive model for cyclic behaviour of cohesionless sands     

Mojtaba Rahimi  Dave Chan  Alireza Nouri 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(1):36-47

This paper presents a constitutive model for describing the stress-strain response of sands under cyclic loading. The model, formulated using the critical state theory within the bounding surface plasticity framework, is an upgraded version of an existing model developed for monotonic behaviour of cohesionless sands. With modification of the hardening law, plastic volumetric strain increment and unloading plastic modulus, the original model was modified to simulate cyclic loading. The proposed model was validated against triaxial cyclic loading tests for Fuji River sand, Toyoura sand and Nigata sand. Comparison between the measured and predicted results suggests that the proposed modified model can capture the main features of cohesionless sands under drained and undrained cyclic loading.  相似文献   

Physiological energetics of the fourth instar of Chinese horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus tridentatus) in response to hypoxic stress and re-oxygenation     

Paul K.S. Shin  Cathy S.K. Chan  S.G. Cheung 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Hypoxia associated with eutrophication is a potential threat to the Chinese horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus which inhabits intertidal sand flats in Asia. This study investigated the effect of dissolved oxygen level (DO) (6, 4 and 2 mg O₂ l⁻¹) on the physiological energetics in the juvenile T. tridentatus. They were exposed to various oxygen levels for three days and then transferred to normoxia for three days to examine the recovery from low oxygen stress. Feeding rate, respiration rate and scope for growth were reduced at lower DO levels while absorption efficiency and excretion rate were independent of DO levels. Although full recovery of the physiological responses and scope for growth from hypoxis stress was observed when normoxia resumed, their long term survival in suboptimal habitats with frequent occurrence of hypoxia deserves a close monitoring as hypoxia may be even more common in future in a warming world.  相似文献   

iTRAQ-based proteomic profiling of the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) gonad exposed to BDE-47     

C.C. Fong  Y.F. Shi  W.K. Yu  F. Wei  J.P. van de Merwe  Alice K.Y. Chan  R. Ye  Doris W.T. Au  Rudolf S.S. Wu  M.S. Yang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

A recent study demonstrated that 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) may have an adverse effect on the reproduction in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma), but the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the protein expression profiles of male and female gonads of O. melastigma exposed to dietary BDE-47 at two dosages (0.65 and 1.30 μg/g/day, respectively) for 21 days. Extracted proteins were labeled with iTRAQ and analyzed on a MALDI TOF/TOF analyzer, as results, 133 and 144 unique proteins were identified in testis and ovary, respective, and they exerted dose- and sex-dependent expression patterns. In testis, among the 42 differentially expressed proteins; down-regulation of histone variants and parvalbumins implicated BDE-47 may disrupt the spermatogenesis and induce sterility in fishes. In ovary, 38 proteins were differentially expressed; the elevation of vitellogenins and apolipoprotein A–I expression indicated BDE-47 acts as an estrogen-mimicking compound and led to reproductive impairment in O. melastigma.  相似文献   

Development of an operational rainfall data quality-control scheme based on radar-raingauge co-kriging analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H.Y. Yeung  C. Man  S.T. Chan  A. Seed 《水文科学杂志》2014,59(7):1293-1307

Abstract

Automatic raingauge data often serve as an important input to hydrological and weather warning operations. They are not only fundamental in quantitative rainfall analysis, but also act as the ground truth in warning operation and forecast validation. Quality control is required before the data can be used quantitatively due to systematic and random errors. Extremely large random errors and unreasonably small or false zero values can hamper effective monitoring of heavy rain. Yet both are difficult to detect in real-time by objective means. In an attempt to address these problems, a rainfall data quality-control scheme based on radar-raingauge co-kriging analysis was developed. The important threshold values required in the data quality control of 60-min raingauge rainfall were determined from a detailed analysis of the distributions of rainfall residuals defined as the arithmetic difference and the logarithm of the ratio between a raingauge measurement and its co-kriging estimate. The scheme has been developed and is in real-time use in Hong Kong, a coastal city of about 1100 km² area with more than 150 raingauges installed. Geographically, it is located in the subtropics and dominated by heavy convective rainfall in the summer. As a basis of the quality-control scheme, the co-kriging rainfall analysis was shown through a verification exercise to be superior to those obtained by the Barnes analysis and ordinary kriging of raingauge data. The performance of the quality-control algorithm was assessed using selected cases and controlled tests, and was found to be satisfactory, with a high error detection rate for the two targeted types of error. Limitations and operational issues identified during a real-time trial of the quality-control scheme are also discussed.