2018年全球重大天气气候事件及其成因   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

孙劭  李多  王遵娅  王国复  柯宗建 《气象》2019,45(4):533-542

2018年全球主要温室气体浓度继续攀升,地表温度相比工业化前水平偏高0.99℃,为有观测记录以来的历史第四高值。全球冰川总量连续31年减少,南北极海冰范围全年处于历史低位。全球海洋表面温度较常年显著偏高,海平面继续加速上升,海洋热含量创历史新高,海洋酸化的影响日益加剧。年内,世界各地发生了许多重大天气气候事件,包括北半球异常活跃的热带气旋季、欧洲夏季持续性高温干燥天气、印度西南部的特大洪灾、澳洲东部严重旱情、欧美多地的低温暴雪以及全球多地的森林大火和强对流天气,造成了严重的人口伤亡和社会经济损失。本文系统性总结了2018年全球重大天气气候事件及其影响,并重点分析了印度近百年来最严重洪灾和美国东海岸爆发性低温雨雪冰冻两个典型气候事件的形成原因。分析表明,夏季南亚季风强度偏强、控制时间偏长,8月在南亚季风槽西部位置偏北、索马里越赤道急流偏强的共同作用下,南印度洋及阿拉伯海上空的水汽大量向印度地区输送,持续性的强降水天气引发了该地区近百年以来最严重的洪灾;1月上旬,在耦合的急流结构、强烈的海洋温度梯度以及气旋外围气温偏高的共同作用下,冬季风暴格雷森在短时间内爆发性加强,造成美国东海岸出现气温骤降、强风暴雪等剧烈天气现象。  相似文献   

Macroscopic criteria for Green type porous materials with spheroidal voids: application to double porous materials          下载免费PDF全文

W. Q. Shen  J.‐F. Shao  D. Kondo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(13):1453-1473

Combined effects of matrix plastic compressibility and void shape are investigated for ductile porous materials. To this end, a spheroidal volume containing a confocal spheroidal (prolate or oblate) void subjected to uniform strain rate boundary conditions has been first studied. A Green type matrix is chosen as a prototype for investigating effects of plastic compressibility. This is carried out by using a kinematics limit analysis theory from which a closed‐form expression of the macroscopic criterion is established for the considered class of materials. These results are then extended to ductile porous materials made up of a green matrix containing randomly oriented spheroidal voids. In the framework of a two‐step homogenization procedure, the obtained results are implemented to describe the macroscopic behavior of double porous materials involving spherical voids at the microscale and randomly oriented and distributed spheroidal voids at the mesoscale. For validation purpose, the new derived criteria are assessed and validated by comparing their predictions to available upper bounds and numerical data from literature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Elastoplastic damage modeling of desaturation and resaturation in argillites     

Y. Jia  H. B. Bian  K. Su  D. Kondo  J. F. Shao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(2):187-220

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Influence of core property on multi-electron process in slow collisions of isocharged sequence ions with neon     

卢荣春  于得洋  邵曹杰  阮芳芳  蔡晓红 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)

Influence of core property on multi-electron process in the collisions of q=6-9 and 11 isocharged sequence ions with Ne is investigated in the keV/u region. The cross-section ratios of double-, triple-, quadruple- and total multi-electron processes to the single electron capture process as well as the partial ratios of different reaction channels to the relevant multi-electron process are measured by using position-sensitive and time-of-flight techniques. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical predictions including the extended classical over-barrier model, the molecular Columbic barrier model and the semi-empirical scaling law. Results show a core effect on multi-electron process of isocharge ions colliding with Neon, which is consistent with the results of Helium we obtained previously.  相似文献   

Teleportation and thermal entanglement in two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ spin chain with the Dzyaloshinski—Moriya interaction and the inhomogeneous magnetic field     

高丹  赵振双  朱爱东  王洪福  邵晓强  张寿 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

This paper studies the average fidelity of teleportation and thermal entanglement for a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ chain in the presence of both an inhomogeneous magnetic field and a Dzyaloshinski--Moriya interaction. It shows that for a fixed D_z, the increase of b_z will broaden the critical temperature at the cost of decreasing the thermal entanglement. And it can modulate the inhomogeneous magnetic field and the Dzyaloshinski--Moriya interaction for the average fidelity of teleportation to be optimal.  相似文献   

朝鲜安州煤矿岩岩膨胀特性试验研究     

邵梧敏  徐昌伟 《岩土力学》1990,11(4):63-68

In this paper, the test results of mineral component and swelling behavior of the shale at An Zhou Coal Mine, D.P.R.Korea are introduced. The results showed that the shale has properties of high unit weight, low porosity and high content of hydrophilic clay mineral. With such properties, it will have large swell and high swelling force to the support of the project. Therefore it is considered that the effective measure to prevent unstable of the surrounding rock may be reducing disturbance and changes of water content. This paper is the first achievement in cooperation research between the colleagues of our institute and Institute of Rock Mechanics Academia Korea.  相似文献   

The Nadanhada Terrane     

Mizutani Shinjiro  Shao Ji' an  Zhang Qinglong 《《地质学报》英文版》1990,3(1):15-29

Abstract The Nadanhada terrane, a Jurassic disrupted terrane in Heilongjiang Province of China, is principally composed of Permo- Carboniferous limestone and greenstone, Triassic bedded chert and middle Jurassic siliceous shale, all enclosed within younger (presumably Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous) clastics. Palaeontological and lithological characteristics and structural features of these formations are entirely identical to those of the Mino terrane of the Japanese Islands. Prior to opening of the Sea of Japan, these terranes formed a single superterrane together with the Western Sikhote-Alin terrane. Tectono-stratigraphic terranes very similar to the Nadanhada and Mino terranes are also found in the Ryukyu are, the Philippines and probably in Borneo. All these terranes constituted a belt of accretionary complexes during Late Jurassic and / or Early Cretaceous time along the eastern continental margin of Asia after completion of the Triassic collage of the Chinese continent.  相似文献   

潮沟成因类型及其影响因素的探讨   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

邵虚生 《地理学报》1988,(1)

潮沟是潮坪上最活跃的微地貌单元。从成因角度分出了滩面水流冲剧型、潮流辐聚侵蚀型、陆源水流侵蚀继承型和泻湖广海间潮流侵蚀型等四种潮沟类型。根据各地潮沟发育程度的明显差异,提出了影响潮沟发育的七个重要因素。  相似文献   

滇东黔西晚二叠世早期辫状河三角洲沉积体系及其聚煤特征   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

邵龙义  张鹏飞  陈代钊  罗忠 《沉积学报》1994,(4)

滇东黔西上二叠统底部发育着一套玄武岩质砾岩，本文针对云南富源和贵州盘县一带的底砾岩进行综合研究，认为这套砾岩为辫状河三角洲沉积，并进一步识别出砾质辫状河道、砂质辫状河道、砾质河口坝、砂质河口坝等沉积类型。文中还对该辫状河三角洲的沉积序列、发育背景以及与聚煤作用关系等问题做了一定分析，认为三角洲朵体之间地区以及在衰退的三角洲朵体之上成煤较好。  相似文献   

贡嘎山区全新世冰川变化与泥石流发育的关系     

郑本兴  马秋华 《山地学报》1994,(1)

贡嘎山区在全新世初期（１００００－７５００ａＢＰ），气候渐暖，冰川后退，泥石流发生频次剧增；中期（７５００－４０００ａＢＰ），出现高温气候，冰川强烈后退，沉积物则以冰水河流相为主；晚期（＜４０００ａＢＰ），气候转冷，出现新冰期。嗣后，气候转暖，但有三次明显的冰进过程；４００ａＢＰ前，气候再度转冷，出现小冰期。大量的泥石流点是出现在气候转暖、冰川退缩的初始阶段。  相似文献