Cumulative impact mapping: Advances,relevance and limitations to marine management and conservation,using Canada's Pacific waters as a case study     

Natalie C. Ban  Hussein M. Alidina  Jeff A. Ardron 《Marine Policy》2010

Analysis of cumulative human impacts in the marine environment is still in its infancy but developing rapidly. In this study, existing approaches were expanded upon, aiming for a realistic consideration of cumulative impacts at a regional scale. Thirty-eight human activities were considered, with each broken down according to stressor types and a range of spatial influences. To add to the policy relevance, existing stressors within and outside of conservation areas were compared. Results indicate the entire continental shelf of Canada's Pacific marine waters is affected by multiple human activities at some level. Commercial fishing, land-based activities and marine transportation accounted for 57.0%, 19.1%, and 17.7% of total cumulative impacts, respectively. Surprisingly, most areas with conservation designations contained higher impact scores than the mean values of their corresponding ecoregions. Despite recent advances in mapping cumulative impacts, many limitations remain. Nonetheless, preliminary analyses such as these can provide information relevant to precautionary management and conservation efforts.  相似文献   

W-3参数方程组的数值解法     

胡文忠  蔡志波  斑士欣 《气象学报》1998,56(4):500-505

从Ｗ－３风频模型的期望值及其拟合误差出发,分别用矩法和极值法导出关于Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ参数的两组方程。结合实测风况资料用数值法求解,获得相应的Ｗ－３风频参数,通过几个气象台站的实测资料计算、比较,证明这两种方法给出的参数其拟合精度均高于Ｗ－２模型给出的结果。  相似文献   

安顺市畜禽养殖碳排放时空差异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

班荣舶  王家录  冯开禹  吴廷连 《地域研究与开发》2017,36(2)

畜禽养殖是农业碳源之一。根据安顺市畜禽数量,估算2001—2015年安顺市畜禽碳排放量。从畜禽碳排放结构、碳排放变异系数、碳排放密度、碳排放经济强度4个方面对其进行分析。研究结果显示:(1)安顺市2001—2006年的畜禽碳排放量连续增长,由86.91万t增长到113.06万t,2007年下降到84.31万t;2007—2010年缓慢增长;2011—2013年相对平稳;2014—2015年又增长。(2)畜禽碳排放主要来自牛和猪,牛年均碳排放量为70.70万t。(3)安顺市2003—2007年各区县畜禽碳排放绝对差异呈现扩大趋势,2008—2014年差异性呈现减小趋势。(4)西秀区的畜禽碳排放密度最高,平坝县最低;镇宁县的畜禽碳排放经济强度最高;紫云县次之;关岭县最低。安顺市政府部门应该研制并推广畜禽养殖温室气体减排技术,降低畜禽养殖碳排放量。  相似文献   

桂西北一次超级单体风暴过程的分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

农孟松  祁丽燕  黄海洪  邓汝伊  班荣贵 《气象》2011,37(12):1519-1525

本文利用常规观测资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,对2009年4月12日发生在广西西北部的大范围冰雹天气进行分析,得出以下结论：（1）导致冰雹发生的天气系统是高空低涡和低层切变线,冰雹发生前上午百色探空站有中等对流有效位能、上干下湿层结结构、强的深层垂直环境风切变,速度矢图上低层强的顺时针旋转曲率,已经具备强对流潜势发生条件。（2）超级单体右前方的低层反射率因子呈现明显的钩状回波,是超级单体风暴的典型特征之一。反射率因子垂直剖面呈现出典型的有界弱回波区、回波悬垂和回波墙。最大的回波强度出现在沿着回波墙的一个竖直的狭长区域,其值超过65 dBz。相应的中低层径向速度图呈现一个中等强度的中气旋,旋转速度达到22 m·s-;垂直累积液态水含量和密度分别超过70kg·m~（-2）和5 g·m~（-3）。（3）高空低涡正涡度区、高CAPE值、地面辐合线在右江河谷滞留以及特殊地形作用,是多个对流单体沿相似路径移动的主要原因。  相似文献   

基于相干多普勒测风激光雷达的南极中山站低空大气风场应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王章军  王睿  李辉  庄全风  黄文涛  柳付超  班超  陈超 《极地研究》2022,34(1):11-19

极区大气作为整个地球大气系统中的重要组成部分,其风场结构与变化关系到全球大气系统的运动.为更好地研究南极低空大气风场特性及其时空变化特征,在中国第36次南极科学考察度夏期间,山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所将研制的相干多普勒测风激光雷达部署到南极中山站,经过现场安装调试,激光雷达从2020年1月8日正式开展业务化观测.观...  相似文献   

连云港沿海近地层湍流强度特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

班欣  冯还岭  祁欣  陈飞  王桂臣 《气象科技》2012,40(2):285-292

在对连云港沿海15个各类气象观测站2000—2009年8级以上强风样本统计分析基础之上,利用6座沿海梯度测风塔2005—2007年测风资料,探讨了连云港沿海近地层风湍流强度的时空分布规律及特点,并重点对不同类型天气系统引起的强风湍流演变特征及其对风电场影响进行剖析。研究结果表明:①风湍流强度具有很强的季节性,冬季小、夏季大,随高度增加而减小;②海面动力粗糙度对海上强湍流变化的影响有别于无强风及下垫面是陆地时;③在热带气旋影响区域,同一时段内可能会出现风速和湍流强度瞬时骤变现象;④海上强湍流出现在30m以上高度,陆地出现在底层,这一现象在不同天气系统引起的强风湍流变化中都有发现;⑤风机轮毂高度处有2.1%～3.8%的湍流强度特征值超过目前风机最大抗湍流强度设计标准,建议华东中、北部沿海地区风机抗湍流强度参数调整为0.31～0.41。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of mafic and associated silicic end-member magmas for calc-alkaline mixed rocks in the Shirataka volcano,NE Japan     

Shiho Hirotani  Masao Ban  Mitsuhiro Nakagawa 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,157(6):709-734

Eruptive products of the Shirataka volcano (0.9–0.7 Ma) in NE Japan are calc-alkaline andesite–dacite, and are divisible into six petrologic groups (G1–G6). Shirataka rocks possess mafic inclusions—basalt–basaltic andesite, except for G3 and G4. All rocks show mixing and mingling of the mafic and silicic end-members, with trends defined by hosts and inclusions divided into high-Cr and low-Cr types; both types coexist in G1, G2, and G5. Estimated mafic end-members are high-Cr (1120–1170°C, 48–51% SiO₂, olv ± cpx ± plg) and low-Cr type magmas (49–52% SiO₂, cpx ± plg) except for the Sr isotopic composition. In contrast, the silicic end-members of both types have similar petrologic features (790–840°C, 64–70% SiO₂, hbl ± qtz ± px + plg). High-Cr type mafic and corresponding silicic end-members have lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios than the low-Cr ones in each group. The trace element model calculations suggest that the low-Cr type mafic end-member magma is produced through ca. 20% fractional crystallization (olv ± cpx ± plg) from the high-Cr type one with assimilation of granitoids (r = 0.02–0.05). The silicic magmas are producible through <30% partial remelting of previously emplaced basaltic magma with assimilation of crustal components. The compositional difference between the low-K and medium-K basalts in the Shirataka volcano is mainly attributed to the different degrees of the effect of subduction derived fluid by dehydration of phlogopite. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

基于历史相似天气评估人工增雨效果   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

耿素江  班显秀袁健 王吉宏 《气象科技》2003,31(4):231-236

文章利用辽宁省1981～1990年10年无人工增雨作业的NCEP 500hPa高度场资料以及1996年、1997年有增雨作业的500hPa资料，对10年间无增雨日及两年中增雨日要素场采用“切比雪夫一傅立叶混合多项式”展开，以寻求两个要素场的最小相关值，藉此给出两年中不同增雨天气型的个例分析及23架次日增雨效果百分率。分析结果表明，在两个要素场达到最小相关值时，一方面两个要素场形势非常相似，另一方面在增雨日播撒区的降水量，大多明显地大于该区历史上非增雨日的降雨量，增雨基本上具有正效果；然而降水一般是由多因素相互作用产生的结果，在统计时也可能出现增雨的负效果或无效果，即“多异性”；但就总体而言，该方法有效地实现了一次增雨效果的评估。  相似文献   

利用日中线法准确测定气象台站南北线          下载免费PDF全文

延雪花  刘福新  班春芳 《山西气象》2005,(3):39-39

通过地球南北极的轴线所指的方向即为正南北方向,地面上任一点的南北方向线,称为该点的真子午线(或称南北线)。气象台站南北线的准确与否影响着辐射、日照、风等仪器的正确安装,从而影响着相关气象要素的正确采集。准确测定气象台站的南北线具有重要意义。测定南北线主要有北极  相似文献   

Hydraulic and numerical study on the generation of a subaqueous landslide-induced tsunami along the coast   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshinori Shigihara  Daichi Goto  Fumihiko Imamura  Yuichi Kitamura  Takayuki Matsubara  Kazuaki Takaoka  Kazuhiko Ban 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):159-177

By carrying out the hydraulic experiments in a one-dimensional open channel and two-dimensional basin, we clarified the process of how a landslide on a uniform slope causes the generation of a tsunami. The effect of the interactive force that occurs between the debris flow layer and the tsunami is significant in the generation of a tsunami. The continuous flow of the debris into the water makes the wave period of the tsunami short. The present experiments apply numerical simulation using the two-layer model with shear stress models on the bottom and interface, and the results are compared. The simulated debris flow shows good agreement with the measured results and ensures the rushing process into the water. We propose that the model use a Manning coefficient of 0.01 for the smooth slope and 0.015 for the rough slope, and a horizontal viscosity of 0.01 m²/s for the landslide; an interactive force of 0.2 for each layer is recommended. The dispersion effect should be included in the numerical model for the propagation from the shore.  相似文献