排序方式： 共有73条查询结果，搜索用时 80 毫秒
51.
In this paper we present an approach for 3-D travel-time tomography, which works well in reconstructing high contrast velocity anomalies in both location and strength. It uses a revised ‘irregular’ approach to the shortest-path method as the ray tracer and a damped minimum norm, and constrained least-squares CG approach as the inversion solver. In ray tracing, the advantages of the revised ‘irregular’ over the ‘regular’ approach are that the secondary nodes introduced on the cell surfaces significantly improve accuracy of computed travel times, without dramatically increasing the total number of cells and nodes; the tri-linear velocity function defined across the cell guarantees accurate ray tracing in a high velocity contrast medium; and the capacity to calculate a relatively large 3-D model, due to the fast run speed (at least one order of magnitude over the ‘regular’ approach) and less number of total nodes. The introduction of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ bounds into the inversion process changes the conditioning and makes the solution meaningful in a physical sense. Thus the artifacts caused by noise and high velocity contrasts are substantially suppressed and the image quality is considerably improved, making the solution realistic with noisy or inconsistent travel-time data. Several numerical tests indicate that we can obtain good quality images even for high velocity contrast anomalies (say more than 20%) in the target region. This means the inversion algorithm is an efficient and effective procedure. Meanwhile, the inversion procedure is not very sensitive to the quality of the travel-time data, which is promising for practical usage. 相似文献
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针对海洋浊度传感器校准过程中,由检测装置的边界效应引入的系统误差进行实验研究。通过选用不同型号(OBS-3+和STM)的多个浊度传感器,在不同边界尺寸及不同浊度的水体中开展检测实验,归纳分析试验数据,得到各种实验条件下传感器的相对示值误差。在比较分析后得出结论:边界效应与检测装置的边界尺寸及水体浊度相关,尺寸越小、水体浊度越低,边界效应越显著。因此对于测量范围较宽(0~2 000 NTU)的浊度测量传感器建议采用轴向边界20 cm以上的检测装置,而测量范围在0～25 NTU的窄量程传感器建议在30 cm以上的检测装置中校准。 相似文献
54.
A novel hybrid approach to earthquake location is proposed which uses a combined coarse global search and fine local inversion
with a minimum search routine. The method exploits the advantages of network ray tracing and robust formulation of the Fréchet
derivatives to simultaneously update all sampled initial source parameters in the solution space to determine the best solution.
Synthetic examples, involving a three-dimensional (3-D) complex velocity model and a challenging source–receiver layout, are
used to demonstrate the advantages over direct grid search algorithms in terms of solution accuracy, computational efficiency,
and sensitivity to noise. Therefore, this is a promising scheme for earthquake early warning, tsunami early warning, rapid
hazard assessment, and emergency response after strong earthquake occurrence. 相似文献
55.
3-D simultaneous inversion for velocity and reflector geometry using multiple classes of arrivals in a spherical coordinate frame 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guo-jiao Huang Chao-ying Bai Xing-wang Li Stewart Greenhalgh 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(1):123-135
The two key requirements in conducting 3-D simultaneous traveltime tomography on real data at the regional and global scale with multiple classes of arrival time information are (1) it needs an efficient and accurate arrival tracking algorithm for multiply transmitted, reflected (or refracted) and converted waves in a 3-D variable velocity model with embedded velocity discontinuities (or subsurface interfaces), and (2) a subdimensional inversion solver is required which can easily search for different types of model parameters to balance the trade-off between the different types of model parameter updated in the simultaneous inversion process. For these purposes, we first extend a popular grid/cell-based wavefront expanding ray tracing algorithm (the multistage irregular shortest-path ray tracing method), which previously worked only in Cartesian coordinate at the local scale, to spherical coordinates appropriate to the regional or global scale. We then incorporated a fashionable inversion solver (the subspace method) to formulate a simultaneous inversion algorithm, in which the multiple classes of arrivals (including direct and reflected arrivals from different velocity discontinuities) can be used to simultaneously update both the velocity fields and the reflector geometries. Numerical tests indicate that the new inversion method is both applicable and flexible in terms of computational efficiency and solution accuracy, and is not sensitive to a modest level of noise in the traveltime data. It offers several potential benefits over existing schemes for real data seismic imaging. 相似文献
56.
Chao-ying Bai Xing-wang Li Guo-jiao Huang Stewart Greenhalgh 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(7):1089-1105
Traditional ray tomography methods based on the high frequency assumption are sometimes unable to obtain a high resolution tomographic picture due to a deficient coverage of ray paths in real applications, especially for low velocity anomalous regions. In contrast, finite-frequency ray theory is more suitable for handling real seismic propagation problems because the travel time depends not only on the velocity distribution along a central ray (or traditional geometric ray), but also on the velocity values within a region (referred to as the first Fresnel Volume) which incorporates the central ray. In this study, we develop an algorithm to calculate multi-phase Fresnel Volume finite-frequency rays, and then present an inversion method to simultaneous invert for both velocity and reflector geometry by using these multi-phase Fresnel Volume finite-frequency rays. Using synthetic data examples, we compare the reconstructions of the velocity field and the reflector orientation using the Fresnel Volume ray tomographic methods and the traditional ray tomography approach. Results show that the former is advantageous over the latter, especially when the ray density is relatively low. An additional benefit of the Fresnel Volume finite-frequency ray tomographic method is that it can start with a low frequency to capture the coarse velocity structure, thereby mitigating the local minimum trapping problem, and then be tuned to a high frequency for delineating the fine velocity structure. 相似文献
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针对现有岩石损伤模型的局限性与不足,在深入探讨岩石变形损伤机制的基础上考虑岩石损伤的过程,提出损伤部分可分为损伤材料和因材料损伤而变化的微缺陷。在该基础上提出新的损伤定义,还提出了损伤材料与因材料损伤而变化的微缺陷之间的影响因子?,同时提出其参数确定方法,研究其基本性质。通过岩石微观受力分析,建立了岩石损伤模型。通过深入研究岩石有效应力与名义应力的关系,并引进统计损伤理论,建立岩石损伤统计本构模型。该模型能够充分地反映岩石的应变软化特性和应变硬化特性,且参数物理意义明确,应用将较为方便。最后,与实测结果及前人成果的比较分析,验证了该模型的合理性、可行性。 相似文献
58.
由于我国幅员辽阔,气候和地理、地质条件复杂,区域气候差异很大,使许多重大工程所处自然环境十分脆弱,面临气候异常的严重威胁.一是气候异常对重大工程的影响;二是重大工程气象保障的途径与对策.分为3个步骤:首先是气候异常影响因素的分析;其次是分析气候异常对工程不同阶段的影响,并给出其研究内容;最后,针对气候异常的影响从管理和技术两方面提出对策措施. 相似文献
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In this paper, we deduced the corresponding first-order velocity–stress equation for curvilinear coordinates from the first-order velocity–stress equation based on the modified Biot/squirt model for a two-dimensional two-phase medium. The equations are then numerically solved by an optimized high-order non-staggered finite difference scheme, that is, the dispersion relation preserving/optimization MacCormack scheme. To implement undulating free-surface topography, we derive an analytical relationship between the derivatives of the particle velocity components and use the compact finite-difference scheme plus a traction-image method. In the undulating free surface and the undulating subsurface interface of two-phase medium, the complex reflected wave and transmitted wave can be clearly recognized in the numerical simulation results. The simulation results show that the curvilinear-grid finite-difference method, which uses a body-conforming grid to describe the undulating surface, can accurately reduce the numerical scattering effect of seismic wave propagation caused by the use of ladder-shaped grid to fit the surfaces when undulating topography is present in a two-phase isotropic medium. 相似文献
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系统研究了新疆南北天山地震带内中强地震活动密集区与未来强震三要素之间的关系,试图寻找出适合年度危险区判定的地震活动性背景依据．结果表明：大多数强震均发生在中强地震活动相对密集区内及其边缘,且发生在边缘的概率较大;强震震级的大小与中强地震密集区的尺度有关．中强地震密集区的判别标准为：密集区尺度大于１５０ｋｍ,且其中地震密度（每平方度内地震个数）大于或等于４．最后,就密集区尺度、孕震区尺度、异常区尺度及震源区尺度间的关系进行了讨论．基本结论为：密集区的下限尺度即为孕震区尺度,而其上限尺度则为异常区尺度 相似文献